Research Article
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Inclusive Approach of Türkiye on Access and Integration of Refugees to Higher Education

Year 2023, , 197 - 222, 30.10.2023

Ayselin Yıldız

https://doi.org/10.12995/bilig.10707

Abstract

Türkiye stands at the forefront of countries that have embraced a considerable number of refugees and asylum-seekers, making it a prominent host for displaced populations worldwide. In recent years, Türkiye has developed a novel and inclusive approach designed to facilitate the access of refugees to higher education. This article endeavours to examine Türkiye’s policy framework and intricate challenges that arise during its implementation, with a keen focus on how top-down policy interventions interact with institutional bureaucracies and the socio-cultural context. The
study postulates that while Türkiye boasts a national inclusive policy, the effectiveness and outcome of its implementation lie within the realm of decentralization. The success or failure of
the policy hinges on the institutional capacity, willingness of the higher education institutions to accept refugee students and the sociological dynamics between locals and refugee students. For the
policy to genuinely thrive, it necessitates addressing institutional disparities and variances among higher education institutions.

Keywords

Internationalisation higher education refugees integration recognition Türkiye

References

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  • Bovens, Mark, et al. Success and Failure in Public Governance: A Comparative Analysis. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2001.
  • Budak, Muhammet Musa and Hacı Murat Terzi. “Scholarship Programs as Public Diplomacy Tool and Implemantions in Turkic Council Countries”. Bilig – Journal of Social Sciences of the Turkic World, 2021, vol. 96, pp. 229-253.
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  • Eurydice. “Integrating asylum seekers and refugees into higher education in Europe: National policies and measures.” 2019, https://op.europa.eu/en/publicationdetail/-/publication/f1bfa322-38cd- 11e9-8d04-01aa75ed71a1/languageen/format-PDF/source-88265520.
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  • Kirişci, Kemal, and Ayselin Yıldız. “Turkey’s Asylum Policies Over the Last Century: Continuity, Change and Contradictions.” Turkish Studies, vol. 24, no. 3-4, 2023, pp. 522-549, doi:10.1080/14683849.2023.217830.
  • Kondakçı, Yaşar, et al. “Higher Education for Forcibly Displaced Migrants in Turkey.” Higher Education Research and Development, vol. 42, no. 3, 2023, pp. 619-632.
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  • Şahin, Hatice, and Mahmut Kaya. “Harran Üniversitesi’ndeki Suriyeli Öğrencilerin Akademik Entegrasyon Süreçlerinin Analizi.” İnsan ve Toplum, vol. 11, no. 3, 2021, pp. 39-84, doi: 10.12658/M0627.
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Mültecilerin Yükseköğretime Erişimi ve Entegrasyonu Konusunda Türkiye’nin Kapsayıcı Yaklaşımı

Year 2023, , 197 - 222, 30.10.2023

Ayselin Yıldız

https://doi.org/10.12995/bilig.10707

Abstract

Türkiye, önemli sayıda mülteci ve sığınmacıya kucak açan ülkelerin başında gelmektedir. Türkiye, son yıllarda mültecilerin yükseköğretime erişimini kolaylaştırmak için yeni ve kapsayıcı bir yaklaşım geliştirmiştir. Bu makale, geliştirilen bu yeni yaklaşımı ve uygulamada karşılaşılan zorlukları kurumsal bürokrasiler ve sosyo-kültürel bağlama odaklanarak incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Makale, Türkiye’nin ulusal düzeyde kapsayıcı bir politikaya sahip olmasına rağmen, uygulamada merkeziyetçi olmayan yaklaşıma bağlı olarak, politikanın etkili, başarılı veya başarısız olmasında
yükseköğretim kurumlarının kurumsal kapasitesi, istekliliği ve yerel/mülteci öğrenciler arasındaki sosyo-kültürel ilişkilerin önemli olduğunu öne sürmektedir. Bu kapsayıcı politikanın tam anlamıyla
başarılı bir şekilde uygulanabilmesi için, yükseköğretim kurumları düzeyinde kurumsal farklılıkların ele alması gerekmektedir.

Keywords

Uluslararasılaşma yükseköğretim mülteciler entegrasyon tanıma Türkiye

Thanks

The author gratefully acknowledges the constructive comments of the anonymous reviewers. Particular thanks go to the senior researchers Selin Siviş and Özde Ateşok for their dedication and hard work in conducting the field work in Adana, Gaziantep, Mersin and Istanbul. The author also thanks to Halleli Pinson for her guidance that has helped to improve the manuscript which will also be published as re-print book chapter in the “Research Handbook on Migration and Education”.

References

  • Abamosa, Juhar Yasin. “Social Inclusion of Refugees into Higher Education: Policies and Practices of Universities in Norway.” Educational Review, 2021, pp. 1-21, doi:10.1080/00131911.2021.2009443.
  • Ager, A., and A. Strang. “Understanding Integration: A Conceptual Framework.” Journal of Refugee Studies, vol. 21, no. 2, 2008, pp. 166-191, doi:10.1093/jrs/fen016.
  • Akçapar, S.K., and Şimşek, D. “The politics of Syrian refugees in Turkey: A question of inclusion and exclusion through citizenship.” Social Inclusion, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 176-187.
  • Al-Haque, Rashed. “Canada’s Citizenship, Immigration, and International Education Policies.” Inclusion through Access to Higher Education, 2018, pp. 3-20, doi:10.1163/9789463512275_001.
  • Anselme, Marina L., and Catriona Hands. “Access to Secondary and Tertiary Education for All Refugees: Steps and Challenges to Overcome.” Refuge: Canada’s Journal on Refugees, vol. 27, no. 2, 2012, pp. 89-96, doi:10.25071/1920-7336.34725.
  • Ateşok, Zeynep Özde, et.al. Syrian Students’ Participation in Higher Education in Turkey: An Institutional Perspective. Istanbul University Press, 2020.
  • Beiser, Morton, and Feng Hou. “Language Acquisition, Unemployment and Depressive Disorder among Southeast Asian Refugees: A 10-Year Study.” Social Science & Medicine, vol. 53, no. 10, 2001, pp. 1321-1334, doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(00)00412-3.
  • Berg, Jana, et al. “Introduction: Refugees in Higher Education—Questioning the Notion of Integration.” Higher Education Research and Science Studies, 2021, pp. 3-17, doi:10.1007/978-3-658-33338-6_1.
  • Bevelander, Pieter, et al. Resettled and Included? The Employment Integration of Resettled Refugees in Sweden. Malmö Institute for Studies of Migration, Diversity and Welfare (MIM). Malmö University, 2009.
  • Bovens, Mark, et al. Success and Failure in Public Governance: A Comparative Analysis. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2001.
  • Budak, Muhammet Musa and Hacı Murat Terzi. “Scholarship Programs as Public Diplomacy Tool and Implemantions in Turkic Council Countries”. Bilig – Journal of Social Sciences of the Turkic World, 2021, vol. 96, pp. 229-253.
  • Bulut-Şahin, Betül, and Yaşar Kondakçı. “Conflicting Perspectives on the Internationalization of Higher Education: Evidence from the Turkish Case.” Journal of Studies in International Education, SAGE Publishing, Sept. 2022, https://doi.org/10.1177/10283153221126245.
  • Cin, F. Melis, and Necmettin Doğan. “Navigating University Spaces as Refugees: Syrian Students’ Pathways of Access to and through Higher Education in Turkey.” International Journal of Inclusive Education, vol. 25, no. 2, 2020, pp. 298-312, doi:10.1080/13603116.2019.1707309.
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  • De Wit, Hans, and Philip G. Altbach. “Internationalization in Higher Education: Global Trends and Recommendations for Its Future.” Policy Reviews in Higher Education, vol. 5, no. 1, 2020, pp. 28-46, doi:10.1080/23322969.2020.1820898.
  • De Wit, Hans, et al. The Globalization of Internationalization. Routledge, 2017.
  • Dryden-Peterson, Sarah. “The Politics of Higher Education for Refugees in a Global Movement for Primary Education.” Refuge: Canada’s Journal on Refugees, vol. 27, no. 2, 2012, pp. 10-18, doi:10.25071/1920-7336.34718.
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  • Erdogan, Armağan, and Murat Erdogan. “Syrian university students in Turkish higher education: immediate vulnerabilities, future challenges for the European higher education area.” European higher education area: Challenges for a new decade. Eds. A. Curaj, L. Deca, and R. Pricopie, Springer Nature, 2020, pp. 229-252.
  • Ertong Attar, Günnur, and Deniz Küçükşen. “Somehow Familiar but Still a Stranger: Syrian Students in Turkish Higher Education.” Journal of International Migration and Integration, vol. 20, no. 4, 2019, pp. 1041-1053, doi:10.1007/s12134-018-00647-8.
  • Eurydice. “Integrating asylum seekers and refugees into higher education in Europe: National policies and measures.” 2019, https://op.europa.eu/en/publicationdetail/-/publication/f1bfa322-38cd- 11e9-8d04-01aa75ed71a1/languageen/format-PDF/source-88265520.
  • Gidley, Jennifer M, et al. “From Access to Success: An Integrated Approach to Quality Higher Education Informed by Social Inclusion Theory and Practice.” Higher Education Policy, vol. 23, no. 1, 2010, pp. 123-147, doi:10.1057/hep.2009.24.
  • Gül, Meryem, and Derya Sasman Kaylı. “Türkiye’deki Suriyeli Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Sosyal Dışlanma Algısı Üzerine Nitel Bir Araştırma.” Toplum ve Sosyal Hizmet, 2020, pp. 985-1007., doi:10.33417/tsh.688774.
  • Gülerce, Hakan and Rukiye Çorlu. “Yükseköğretimdeki Suriyeli Sığınmacı Öğrenciler: Uyum ve Çatışma Alanları.” Üsküdar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, vol. 7, no. 12, 2021, pp. 71-106., doi:10.32739/uskudarsbd.7.12.85.
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  • Joyce, A., et al. “The Experiences of Students from Refugee Backgrounds at Universities in Australia: Reflections on the Social, Emotional and Practical Challenges.” Journal of Refugee Studies, vol. 23, no. 1, 2010, pp. 82-97., doi:10.1093/jrs/feq001.
  • Kirişci, Kemal, and Ayselin Yıldız. “Turkey’s Asylum Policies Over the Last Century: Continuity, Change and Contradictions.” Turkish Studies, vol. 24, no. 3-4, 2023, pp. 522-549, doi:10.1080/14683849.2023.217830.
  • Kondakçı, Yaşar, et al. “Higher Education for Forcibly Displaced Migrants in Turkey.” Higher Education Research and Development, vol. 42, no. 3, 2023, pp. 619-632.
  • Morrice, Linda. “Refugees in Higher Education: Boundaries of Belonging and Recognition, Stigma and Exclusion.” International Journal of Lifelong Education, vol. 32, no. 5, 2013, pp. 652-668., doi:10.1080/02601370.2012.761288.
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  • Reinhardt, Franziska, et al. “Integrating Refugees into Higher Education – the Impact of a New Online Education Program for Policies and Practices.” Policy Reviews in Higher Education, vol. 2, no. 2, 2018, pp. 198-226., doi:10.1080/23322969.2018.1483738.
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  • PMM. “Strategy document and national action plan on harmonization 2018-2023.” 2017, https://www.goc.gov.tr/kurumlar/goc.gov.tr/Yayinlar/UYUM-STRATEJI/Uyum-Strateji-Belgesi-ve-Ulusal-Eylem- Plani.pdf.
  • Sağır, Adem, and Erhan Aydın. “Türkiye’deki Üniversitelerde Öğrenim Gören Suriyeli Öğrencilerin Sosyo-Ekonomik Ve Sosyo-Kültürel Profillerinin Analizi.” Adam Akademi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2020, pp. 155-184, doi:10.31679/adamakademi.598319.
  • Serdar, Ayşe. “An illiberal inclusion? The AKP’s politics of exceptional citizenship.” Turkish Studies, vol.24, no.1, 2023, pp.51-74, https://doi.org/10.1080/14683849.2022.2100699.
  • SPARK. “Social cohesion and Syrian students in higher education in Turkey.” 2021, https://spark.ngo/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Social-Cohesionand-Syrian-Students-in-Higher-Education-in- Turkey-1.pdf.
  • Streitwieser, Bernhard, et al. “The Potential and Reality of New Refugees Entering German Higher Education: The Case of Berlin Institutions.” European Education, vol. 49, no. 4, 2017, pp. 231-252, doi:10.1080/10564934.2017.1344864.
  • Şahin, Hatice, and Mahmut Kaya. “Harran Üniversitesi’ndeki Suriyeli Öğrencilerin Akademik Entegrasyon Süreçlerinin Analizi.” İnsan ve Toplum, vol. 11, no. 3, 2021, pp. 39-84, doi: 10.12658/M0627.
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There are 62 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Migrant Cultural Studies
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ayselin Yıldız 0000-0001-8845-2367

Publication Date October 30, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023

Cite

APA Yıldız, A. (2023). Inclusive Approach of Türkiye on Access and Integration of Refugees to Higher Education. Bilig(107), 197-222. https://doi.org/10.12995/bilig.10707
AMA Yıldız A. Inclusive Approach of Türkiye on Access and Integration of Refugees to Higher Education. Bilig. October 2023;(107):197-222. doi:10.12995/bilig.10707
Chicago Yıldız, Ayselin. “Inclusive Approach of Türkiye on Access and Integration of Refugees to Higher Education”. Bilig, no. 107 (October 2023): 197-222. https://doi.org/10.12995/bilig.10707.
EndNote Yıldız A (October 1, 2023) Inclusive Approach of Türkiye on Access and Integration of Refugees to Higher Education. Bilig 107 197–222.
IEEE A. Yıldız, “Inclusive Approach of Türkiye on Access and Integration of Refugees to Higher Education”, Bilig, no. 107, pp. 197–222, October 2023, doi: 10.12995/bilig.10707.
ISNAD Yıldız, Ayselin. “Inclusive Approach of Türkiye on Access and Integration of Refugees to Higher Education”. Bilig 107 (October 2023), 197-222. https://doi.org/10.12995/bilig.10707.
JAMA Yıldız A. Inclusive Approach of Türkiye on Access and Integration of Refugees to Higher Education. Bilig. 2023;:197–222.
MLA Yıldız, Ayselin. “Inclusive Approach of Türkiye on Access and Integration of Refugees to Higher Education”. Bilig, no. 107, 2023, pp. 197-22, doi:10.12995/bilig.10707.
Vancouver Yıldız A. Inclusive Approach of Türkiye on Access and Integration of Refugees to Higher Education. Bilig. 2023(107):197-222.

Ahmet Yesevi Üniversitesi Mütevelli Heyet Başkanlığı