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Turkish Single-Mother Families in Germany: Support Systems and Acculturation Orientations

Year 2026, Issue: 117 , 101 - 132 , 30.04.2026
https://doi.org/10.12995/bilig.8363
https://izlik.org/JA24HU77YX

Abstract

Turkish diaspora families in Europe maintain strong family structures and intergenerational ties, which facilitate the transmission of cultural values to future generations. However, they are not immune to the broader transformations and challenges reshaping family life worldwide. This study aims to examine the impact of family transformation on the Turkish diaspora in Germany, with a particular focus on single-mother households. Based on qualitative interviews with fifteen Turkish immigrant women who became single parents due to divorce, the study identifies the key challenges and needs of these families and analyzes the support systems they engage with to address them. Findings show that single mothers primarily require guidance, housing, and educational support for their children. They initially rely on immediate social networks and later on Turkish community networks and associations, yet this process often produces feelings of exclusion and unmet expectations. In contrast, German institutions and society are evaluated more positively due to their respect for individual boundaries and the support they provide.
These experiences play an important role in shaping women’s acculturation orientations in child-rearing practices.

References

  • Adar, Sinem. Rethinking Political Attitudes of Migrants from Turkey and Their Germany-Born Children: Beyond Loyalty and Democratic Culture. SWP Research Paper 7, 2019.
  • Adıgüzel, Yusuf. Kimliğin Korunmasında ve Üretilmesinde Türk Derneklerinin Rolü Almanya/Köln Örneği. Doctoral Thesis. Sakarya University, 2004.
  • Arıdırı, Simge. Almanya’daki Türkiye Kökenli Göçmen Kadınların Kimlik Algısı Üzerine Bir Alan Çalışması: Hessen Eyaleti Örneği. Master’s Thesis. Kocaeli University, 2015.
  • Atila-Demir, Sevim. Türk Göçmen Ailelerinde Boşanma: Almanya Örneği. Doctoral Thesis. Sakarya University, 2010.
  • Baykara-Krumme, H. Explaining family cohesion in an immigration context: patterns of intergenerational relationship quality among young adult Turks and their parents. Arbeitspapier des Beziehungs – und Familienpanels (pairfam), 20. 2010, https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-369474.
  • Bayraktar, Işıl. Transnational Marriages: Family–Forming Migration from Turkey to Germany. Master’s Thesis. METU, 2011.
  • Bourhis, Richard et al. “Towards an Interactive Acculturation Model: A Social Psychological Approach.” International Journal of Psychology, vol. 32, no. 6, 1997, pp. 369–386.
  • Brodsky, Anne E., and Katherine De Vet. “You Have to Be Real Strong.” Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community, vol. 20, no. 1-2, 2000, pp. 159–178.
  • Buckingham, Sara L., and Anne E. Brodsky. “Our Differences Don’t Separate Us”: Immigrant Families Navigate Intrafamilial Acculturation Gaps Through Diverse Resilience Processes.” Journal of Latina/o Psychology, vol. 3, no. 3, 2015, pp. 143-159.
  • Bhuyan, Rupaleem, and Kirsten Senturia. “Understanding Domestic Violence Resource Utilization and Survivor Solutions Among Immigrant and Refugee Women.” Journal of Interpersonal Violence, vol. 20, no. 8, 2005, pp. 895–901.
  • Burman, Erica, Sarah L. Smailes, and Khatidja Chantler. “‘Culture’ as a Barrier to Service Provision and Delivery: Domestic Violence Services for Minotirized Women.” Critical Social Policy, vol. 24, 2004, pp. 332-357.
  • Buz, Sema, and Martin Schönberg. “Genç Alman-Türkler ve İnternet Portalları: Kimlik, Güçlendirme ve Katılım İçin Bir Kaynak.” Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, vol. 10, no. 38, 2011, pp. 23-43.
  • Cyrus, Norbert. “Active Civic Participation of Immigrants in Germany.” Oldenburg: Politis Research Project, 2005.
  • Çoban, Meryem Nur. Tek Ebeveyn Olarak Annelik Deneyiminin Sosyal Politika Yaklaşımı Çerçevesinde İncelenmesi: Türkiye – Almanya Karşılaştırması. Master’s Thesis. Istanbul University, 2021.
  • De Feyter, Jessica Johnson, and Adam Winsler. “The Early Developmental Competencies and School Readiness of Low-Income, Immigrant Children: Influences of Generation, Race/Ethnicity, and National Origins.” Early Childhood Research Quarterly, vol. 24, no. 4, 2009, pp. 411–431.
  • Dežan, Lucija, and Mateja Sedmak. “Policy and Practice: The Integration of (Newly Arrived) Migrant Children in Slovenian Schools.” Annales, Historia et Sociologia, vol. 30, no. 4, 2020, pp. 559–574.
  • Dronkers, Jaap, and Matthijs Kalmijn. “Single-Parenthood Among Migrant Children: Determinants and Consequences for Educational Performance.” Centre for Research and Analysis of Migration Discussion Paper series, CDP 09/13, 2013.
  • Duman, Yildiz. Häusliche Gewalt Gegen Türkischstämmige Ehefrauen in Deutschland. Bachelorarbeit. Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften Hamburg, 2015.
  • Erdoğan, Müşerref, and Ayşe Abbasoğlu-Özgören. “Partnership Transitions Among Turkish Immigrants and Their Descendants in Western Germany.” Comparative Population Studies, vol. 47, 2022, pp. 321-348.
  • Erez, Edna. “Immigration, Culture Conflict and Domestic Violence/Woman Battering.” Crime Prevention and Community Safety, vol. 2, no. 1, 2000, pp. 27-36.
  • Erten, Elif. Almanya’ya Evlilik Yoluyla Göç Eden Kadınların Karşılaştıkları Güçlükler ve Güçlükleri Yenme Stratejileri. Master’s Thesis. Istanbul University, 2017.
  • Gayırnal, Ayşe. 1961-2020 Yılları Arasında Almanya’da Yaşayan Türkiyeli Göçmen Kadınların Kimlik Dönüşümleri. Master’s Thesis. Sirnak University, 2021.
  • Guruge, Sepali, et al. “Implications of English Proficiency on Immigrant Women’s Access to and Utilization of Health Services.” Women’s Health and Urban Life, vol. 8, no. 2, 2009, pp. 21–41.
  • Huschek, Doreen, et al. “Partner Choice Patterns Among the Descendants of Turkish Immigrants in Europe.” European Journal of Population, vol. 28, no. 3, 2012, pp. 241–268.
  • Hübgen, Sabine. “Understanding Lone Mothers’ High Poverty in Germany: Disentangling Composition Effects and Effects of Lone Motherhood.” Advances in Life Course Research, vol. 44, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.alcr.2020.100327.
  • Liversage, Anika. “Transnational families breaking up: Divorce among Turkish immigrants in Denmark.” Transnational Marriage: New Perspectives from Europe and Beyond, ed. K. Charsley, Routledge, 2012, pp. 145–160.
  • Maciejewski, Linda, and Niklas Harder. “Immigrant Single Mothers in Germany: An Intersectional Perspective on a Group at Risk.” Journal of International Migration and Integration, vol. 26, 2025, pp. 1-36.
  • Milewski, Nadja, et al. “Migrant Status and Lone Motherhood – Risk Factors of Female Labour Force Participation in Switzerland.” EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW – Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, 2018, pp. 141-163.
  • Nauck, Bernhard. “Social Capital, Intergenerational Transmission and Intercultural Contact in Immigrant Families.” Journal of Comparative Family Studies, vol. 32, no. 4, 2001, pp. 465–488.
  • Nauck, Bernhard, and Yasemin Niephaus. “Intergenerational conflicts and health hazards in migrant families.” Journals of Comparative Family Studies, vol. 37, 2006, pp. 275–298.
  • Olczyk, Melanie, Gisela Will, and Cornelia Kristen. Immigrants in the NEPS: Identifying generation status and group of origin. NEPS Working Paper No. 41a, Bamberg, 2016.
  • Ozuem, Wilson, Michelle Willis, and Kelly Howell. “Thematic Analysis Without Paradox: Sensemaking and Context.” Qualitative Market Research, vol. 25, no. 1, 2022, pp. 143-157.
  • Özdemir, Leyla. “Quantitative Research Based Upon the Identifical Development of the People with Turkish Origins who Live in Germany (Example of Berlin).” Journal of Social and Administrative Sciences, vol. 2, no. 1, 2015, pp. 35-45.
  • Phinney, Jean S. “The Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure.” Journal of Adolescent Research, vol. 7, no. 2, 1992, pp. 156–176.
  • Piper, Nicola. Gender and Migration. Commissioned background paper for the Global Commission for International Migration. Geneva: Global Commission on International Migration. 2005.
  • Régner, Isabelle, et al. “Students’ Perception of Parental and Teacher Academic Involvement: Consequences on Achievement Goals.” European Journal of Psychology of Education, vol. 24, no. 2, 2009, pp. 263–277.
  • Rittersberger-Tılıç, Helga, and Fuat Güllüpınar. Almanya’daki Üçüncü Kuşak Gençliğin Kimlik Halleri, Dayanışma ve Çatışmanın Rolü. TÜBİTAK Hızlı Destek Programı Araştırma Raporu, 2009.
  • Skinner, Denise, et al. “Managers and Research.” Management Learning, vol. 31, no. 2, 2000, pp. 163–179.
  • Statistisches Bundesamt (Destatis). “Statistischer Bericht – Rechtskraftige Beschlusse in Ehesachen – 1990-2024.” 2025.
  • Steinbach, Anja. “Family Structure and Parent–Child Contact: A Comparison of Native and Migrant Families.” Journal of Marriage and Family, vol. 75, no. 5, 2013, pp. 1114-1129.
  • Taş, Ertuğrul. “Evlilik Göçüyle Türkiye’den Belçika’ya Gelen Gelinler ve Boşanma Sorunu.” Hacettepe Üniversitesi Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi, vol. 1, no. 20, 2014, pp. 217-235.
  • Taş, Ertuğrul, and Zeliha Subaşı. “Belçika’daki Türk Göçmen Toplumunun Aile Yapılarına Klinik Araştırmalar Işığında Bir Bakış.” Uluslararası Kültürel ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, vol. 3, no. 1, 2017, pp. 43- 64.
  • Timmerman, Christiane. “Gender Dynamics in the Context of Turkish Marriage Migration: The Case of Belgium.” Turkish Studies, vol. 7, no. 1, 2006, pp. 125-143.
  • Vitoroulis Irene, et al. “Resilience in the Face of Adversity: Family Processes and the Immigrant Paradox in Youth Externalizing Problems.” The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, vol. 67, no. 7, 2022, pp. 565- 574.
  • Yağmur, Kutlay. “Batı Avrupa’da Uygulanan Dil Politikaları Kapsamında Türkçe Öğretiminin Değerlendirilmesi.” bilig, no. 55, 2010, pp. 221-242.
  • Zielke-Nadkarni, Andrea. “The Meaning of the Family: Lived Experiences of Turkish Women Immigrants in Germany.” Nursing Science Quarterly, vol. 16, no. 2, 2003, pp. 169-173.

Almanya’daki Türk Tek Anneli Aileler: Destek Sistemleri ve Kültürleşme Oryantasyonları

Year 2026, Issue: 117 , 101 - 132 , 30.04.2026
https://doi.org/10.12995/bilig.8363
https://izlik.org/JA24HU77YX

Abstract

Avrupa’daki Türk diasporası aileleri, güçlü aile yapıları ve kuşaklar arası bağları sayesinde kültürel değerlerin gelecek nesillere aktarımını kolaylaştırmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, bu aileler dünya genelinde aile yaşamını yeniden şekillendiren dönüşümler ve beraberinde gelen zorluklardan muaf değildir. Bu çalışma, özellikle tek anneli ailelere odaklanarak Almanya’daki Türk kökenli ailelerde yaşanan dönüşümün yansımalarını incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Boşanma sonrası tek ebeveyn olan on beş Türk göçmen kadınla gerçekleştirilen nitel görüşmelere dayanan araştırma, bu ailelerin temel ihtiyaç ve zorluk alanlarını belirlemekte ve başvurulan destek sistemlerini analiz etmektedir. Bulgular, tek annelerin öncelikle rehberlik, barınma ve çocukları için eğitim desteğine ihtiyaç duyduklarını göstermektedir. Kadınlar bu ihtiyaçları karşılamak için önce yakın sosyal ağlarına, ardından Türk topluluk ağları ve derneklerine başvurmaktadır. Ancak bu süreç çoğu zaman dışlanma duygusu ve beklentilerin karşılanmamasıyla sonuçlanmaktadır. Buna karşılık, Alman kurumları ve toplumu, bireysel sınırlara gösterdikleri saygı ve sağladıkları destekler nedeniyle daha olumlu değerlendirilmektedir. Bu deneyimler, kadınların çocuk yetiştirme pratiklerinde benimsedikleri kültürel uyum oryantasyonlarının şekillenmesinde önemli rol oynamaktadır.

References

  • Adar, Sinem. Rethinking Political Attitudes of Migrants from Turkey and Their Germany-Born Children: Beyond Loyalty and Democratic Culture. SWP Research Paper 7, 2019.
  • Adıgüzel, Yusuf. Kimliğin Korunmasında ve Üretilmesinde Türk Derneklerinin Rolü Almanya/Köln Örneği. Doctoral Thesis. Sakarya University, 2004.
  • Arıdırı, Simge. Almanya’daki Türkiye Kökenli Göçmen Kadınların Kimlik Algısı Üzerine Bir Alan Çalışması: Hessen Eyaleti Örneği. Master’s Thesis. Kocaeli University, 2015.
  • Atila-Demir, Sevim. Türk Göçmen Ailelerinde Boşanma: Almanya Örneği. Doctoral Thesis. Sakarya University, 2010.
  • Baykara-Krumme, H. Explaining family cohesion in an immigration context: patterns of intergenerational relationship quality among young adult Turks and their parents. Arbeitspapier des Beziehungs – und Familienpanels (pairfam), 20. 2010, https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-369474.
  • Bayraktar, Işıl. Transnational Marriages: Family–Forming Migration from Turkey to Germany. Master’s Thesis. METU, 2011.
  • Bourhis, Richard et al. “Towards an Interactive Acculturation Model: A Social Psychological Approach.” International Journal of Psychology, vol. 32, no. 6, 1997, pp. 369–386.
  • Brodsky, Anne E., and Katherine De Vet. “You Have to Be Real Strong.” Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community, vol. 20, no. 1-2, 2000, pp. 159–178.
  • Buckingham, Sara L., and Anne E. Brodsky. “Our Differences Don’t Separate Us”: Immigrant Families Navigate Intrafamilial Acculturation Gaps Through Diverse Resilience Processes.” Journal of Latina/o Psychology, vol. 3, no. 3, 2015, pp. 143-159.
  • Bhuyan, Rupaleem, and Kirsten Senturia. “Understanding Domestic Violence Resource Utilization and Survivor Solutions Among Immigrant and Refugee Women.” Journal of Interpersonal Violence, vol. 20, no. 8, 2005, pp. 895–901.
  • Burman, Erica, Sarah L. Smailes, and Khatidja Chantler. “‘Culture’ as a Barrier to Service Provision and Delivery: Domestic Violence Services for Minotirized Women.” Critical Social Policy, vol. 24, 2004, pp. 332-357.
  • Buz, Sema, and Martin Schönberg. “Genç Alman-Türkler ve İnternet Portalları: Kimlik, Güçlendirme ve Katılım İçin Bir Kaynak.” Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, vol. 10, no. 38, 2011, pp. 23-43.
  • Cyrus, Norbert. “Active Civic Participation of Immigrants in Germany.” Oldenburg: Politis Research Project, 2005.
  • Çoban, Meryem Nur. Tek Ebeveyn Olarak Annelik Deneyiminin Sosyal Politika Yaklaşımı Çerçevesinde İncelenmesi: Türkiye – Almanya Karşılaştırması. Master’s Thesis. Istanbul University, 2021.
  • De Feyter, Jessica Johnson, and Adam Winsler. “The Early Developmental Competencies and School Readiness of Low-Income, Immigrant Children: Influences of Generation, Race/Ethnicity, and National Origins.” Early Childhood Research Quarterly, vol. 24, no. 4, 2009, pp. 411–431.
  • Dežan, Lucija, and Mateja Sedmak. “Policy and Practice: The Integration of (Newly Arrived) Migrant Children in Slovenian Schools.” Annales, Historia et Sociologia, vol. 30, no. 4, 2020, pp. 559–574.
  • Dronkers, Jaap, and Matthijs Kalmijn. “Single-Parenthood Among Migrant Children: Determinants and Consequences for Educational Performance.” Centre for Research and Analysis of Migration Discussion Paper series, CDP 09/13, 2013.
  • Duman, Yildiz. Häusliche Gewalt Gegen Türkischstämmige Ehefrauen in Deutschland. Bachelorarbeit. Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften Hamburg, 2015.
  • Erdoğan, Müşerref, and Ayşe Abbasoğlu-Özgören. “Partnership Transitions Among Turkish Immigrants and Their Descendants in Western Germany.” Comparative Population Studies, vol. 47, 2022, pp. 321-348.
  • Erez, Edna. “Immigration, Culture Conflict and Domestic Violence/Woman Battering.” Crime Prevention and Community Safety, vol. 2, no. 1, 2000, pp. 27-36.
  • Erten, Elif. Almanya’ya Evlilik Yoluyla Göç Eden Kadınların Karşılaştıkları Güçlükler ve Güçlükleri Yenme Stratejileri. Master’s Thesis. Istanbul University, 2017.
  • Gayırnal, Ayşe. 1961-2020 Yılları Arasında Almanya’da Yaşayan Türkiyeli Göçmen Kadınların Kimlik Dönüşümleri. Master’s Thesis. Sirnak University, 2021.
  • Guruge, Sepali, et al. “Implications of English Proficiency on Immigrant Women’s Access to and Utilization of Health Services.” Women’s Health and Urban Life, vol. 8, no. 2, 2009, pp. 21–41.
  • Huschek, Doreen, et al. “Partner Choice Patterns Among the Descendants of Turkish Immigrants in Europe.” European Journal of Population, vol. 28, no. 3, 2012, pp. 241–268.
  • Hübgen, Sabine. “Understanding Lone Mothers’ High Poverty in Germany: Disentangling Composition Effects and Effects of Lone Motherhood.” Advances in Life Course Research, vol. 44, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.alcr.2020.100327.
  • Liversage, Anika. “Transnational families breaking up: Divorce among Turkish immigrants in Denmark.” Transnational Marriage: New Perspectives from Europe and Beyond, ed. K. Charsley, Routledge, 2012, pp. 145–160.
  • Maciejewski, Linda, and Niklas Harder. “Immigrant Single Mothers in Germany: An Intersectional Perspective on a Group at Risk.” Journal of International Migration and Integration, vol. 26, 2025, pp. 1-36.
  • Milewski, Nadja, et al. “Migrant Status and Lone Motherhood – Risk Factors of Female Labour Force Participation in Switzerland.” EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW – Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, 2018, pp. 141-163.
  • Nauck, Bernhard. “Social Capital, Intergenerational Transmission and Intercultural Contact in Immigrant Families.” Journal of Comparative Family Studies, vol. 32, no. 4, 2001, pp. 465–488.
  • Nauck, Bernhard, and Yasemin Niephaus. “Intergenerational conflicts and health hazards in migrant families.” Journals of Comparative Family Studies, vol. 37, 2006, pp. 275–298.
  • Olczyk, Melanie, Gisela Will, and Cornelia Kristen. Immigrants in the NEPS: Identifying generation status and group of origin. NEPS Working Paper No. 41a, Bamberg, 2016.
  • Ozuem, Wilson, Michelle Willis, and Kelly Howell. “Thematic Analysis Without Paradox: Sensemaking and Context.” Qualitative Market Research, vol. 25, no. 1, 2022, pp. 143-157.
  • Özdemir, Leyla. “Quantitative Research Based Upon the Identifical Development of the People with Turkish Origins who Live in Germany (Example of Berlin).” Journal of Social and Administrative Sciences, vol. 2, no. 1, 2015, pp. 35-45.
  • Phinney, Jean S. “The Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure.” Journal of Adolescent Research, vol. 7, no. 2, 1992, pp. 156–176.
  • Piper, Nicola. Gender and Migration. Commissioned background paper for the Global Commission for International Migration. Geneva: Global Commission on International Migration. 2005.
  • Régner, Isabelle, et al. “Students’ Perception of Parental and Teacher Academic Involvement: Consequences on Achievement Goals.” European Journal of Psychology of Education, vol. 24, no. 2, 2009, pp. 263–277.
  • Rittersberger-Tılıç, Helga, and Fuat Güllüpınar. Almanya’daki Üçüncü Kuşak Gençliğin Kimlik Halleri, Dayanışma ve Çatışmanın Rolü. TÜBİTAK Hızlı Destek Programı Araştırma Raporu, 2009.
  • Skinner, Denise, et al. “Managers and Research.” Management Learning, vol. 31, no. 2, 2000, pp. 163–179.
  • Statistisches Bundesamt (Destatis). “Statistischer Bericht – Rechtskraftige Beschlusse in Ehesachen – 1990-2024.” 2025.
  • Steinbach, Anja. “Family Structure and Parent–Child Contact: A Comparison of Native and Migrant Families.” Journal of Marriage and Family, vol. 75, no. 5, 2013, pp. 1114-1129.
  • Taş, Ertuğrul. “Evlilik Göçüyle Türkiye’den Belçika’ya Gelen Gelinler ve Boşanma Sorunu.” Hacettepe Üniversitesi Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi, vol. 1, no. 20, 2014, pp. 217-235.
  • Taş, Ertuğrul, and Zeliha Subaşı. “Belçika’daki Türk Göçmen Toplumunun Aile Yapılarına Klinik Araştırmalar Işığında Bir Bakış.” Uluslararası Kültürel ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, vol. 3, no. 1, 2017, pp. 43- 64.
  • Timmerman, Christiane. “Gender Dynamics in the Context of Turkish Marriage Migration: The Case of Belgium.” Turkish Studies, vol. 7, no. 1, 2006, pp. 125-143.
  • Vitoroulis Irene, et al. “Resilience in the Face of Adversity: Family Processes and the Immigrant Paradox in Youth Externalizing Problems.” The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, vol. 67, no. 7, 2022, pp. 565- 574.
  • Yağmur, Kutlay. “Batı Avrupa’da Uygulanan Dil Politikaları Kapsamında Türkçe Öğretiminin Değerlendirilmesi.” bilig, no. 55, 2010, pp. 221-242.
  • Zielke-Nadkarni, Andrea. “The Meaning of the Family: Lived Experiences of Turkish Women Immigrants in Germany.” Nursing Science Quarterly, vol. 16, no. 2, 2003, pp. 169-173.
There are 46 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Sociology of Migration, Ethnicity and Multiculturalism, Women's Studies
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Melike Boztilki 0000-0002-7892-3847

İsmail Barış 0000-0001-8371-1243

Submission Date September 20, 2024
Acceptance Date October 30, 2025
Publication Date April 30, 2026
DOI https://doi.org/10.12995/bilig.8363
IZ https://izlik.org/JA24HU77YX
Published in Issue Year 2026 Issue: 117

Cite

APA Boztilki, M., & Barış, İ. (2026). Turkish Single-Mother Families in Germany: Support Systems and Acculturation Orientations. Bilig, 117, 101-132. https://doi.org/10.12995/bilig.8363
AMA 1.Boztilki M, Barış İ. Turkish Single-Mother Families in Germany: Support Systems and Acculturation Orientations. Bilig. 2026;(117):101-132. doi:10.12995/bilig.8363
Chicago Boztilki, Melike, and İsmail Barış. 2026. “Turkish Single-Mother Families in Germany: Support Systems and Acculturation Orientations”. Bilig, nos. 117: 101-32. https://doi.org/10.12995/bilig.8363.
EndNote Boztilki M, Barış İ (April 1, 2026) Turkish Single-Mother Families in Germany: Support Systems and Acculturation Orientations. Bilig 117 101–132.
IEEE [1]M. Boztilki and İ. Barış, “Turkish Single-Mother Families in Germany: Support Systems and Acculturation Orientations”, Bilig, no. 117, pp. 101–132, Apr. 2026, doi: 10.12995/bilig.8363.
ISNAD Boztilki, Melike - Barış, İsmail. “Turkish Single-Mother Families in Germany: Support Systems and Acculturation Orientations”. Bilig. 117 (April 1, 2026): 101-132. https://doi.org/10.12995/bilig.8363.
JAMA 1.Boztilki M, Barış İ. Turkish Single-Mother Families in Germany: Support Systems and Acculturation Orientations. Bilig. 2026;:101–132.
MLA Boztilki, Melike, and İsmail Barış. “Turkish Single-Mother Families in Germany: Support Systems and Acculturation Orientations”. Bilig, no. 117, Apr. 2026, pp. 101-32, doi:10.12995/bilig.8363.
Vancouver 1.Melike Boztilki, İsmail Barış. Turkish Single-Mother Families in Germany: Support Systems and Acculturation Orientations. Bilig. 2026 Apr. 1;(117):101-32. doi:10.12995/bilig.8363

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