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Legitimacy and Use of Paper Money During the Reign of Kublai Khan
Abstract
The period of Kublai Khan is known as when innovative economic practices were adopted in China, and the use of paper money was turned into a state policy. While previous dynasties ruling the Chinese lands had limited paper money to regional contexts, Kublai Khan made it compulsory across the country and turned paper money into a centralised means of payment. By establishing exchange offices, he also prohibited the outflow of metal coins from the government and ensured that the precious metals remained within the borders. Through this policy, he could keep the money supply under control and reinforce the legitimacy of the central authority. Widely used in tax collection, gift giving, and salaries, paper money became one of the essential elements of the dynasty’s financial system. Interactions, developments and transformations related to paper money are evident in Chinese and Uyghur written sources and this study examines the subject within this framework.
Keywords
References
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Details
Primary Language
English
Subjects
History of Asian Economy, Medieval History (Other)
Journal Section
Research Article
Publication Date
July 31, 2026
Submission Date
August 21, 2025
Acceptance Date
January 16, 2026
Published in Issue
Year 2026 Number: 118
APA
Coşkun, D., & Murzaraimov, B. (2026). Legitimacy and Use of Paper Money During the Reign of Kublai Khan. Bilig, 118, 91-114. https://doi.org/10.12995/bilig.9064
AMA
1.Coşkun D, Murzaraimov B. Legitimacy and Use of Paper Money During the Reign of Kublai Khan. Bilig. 2026;(118):91-114. doi:10.12995/bilig.9064
Chicago
Coşkun, Derya, and Bakıt Murzaraimov. 2026. “Legitimacy and Use of Paper Money During the Reign of Kublai Khan”. Bilig, nos. 118: 91-114. https://doi.org/10.12995/bilig.9064.
EndNote
Coşkun D, Murzaraimov B (July 1, 2026) Legitimacy and Use of Paper Money During the Reign of Kublai Khan. Bilig 118 91–114.
IEEE
[1]D. Coşkun and B. Murzaraimov, “Legitimacy and Use of Paper Money During the Reign of Kublai Khan”, Bilig, no. 118, pp. 91–114, July 2026, doi: 10.12995/bilig.9064.
ISNAD
Coşkun, Derya - Murzaraimov, Bakıt. “Legitimacy and Use of Paper Money During the Reign of Kublai Khan”. Bilig. 118 (July 1, 2026): 91-114. https://doi.org/10.12995/bilig.9064.
JAMA
1.Coşkun D, Murzaraimov B. Legitimacy and Use of Paper Money During the Reign of Kublai Khan. Bilig. 2026;:91–114.
MLA
Coşkun, Derya, and Bakıt Murzaraimov. “Legitimacy and Use of Paper Money During the Reign of Kublai Khan”. Bilig, no. 118, July 2026, pp. 91-114, doi:10.12995/bilig.9064.
Vancouver
1.Derya Coşkun, Bakıt Murzaraimov. Legitimacy and Use of Paper Money During the Reign of Kublai Khan. Bilig. 2026 Jul. 1;(118):91-114. doi:10.12995/bilig.9064