Özbekistan’da Merkez-Yerel İlişkisi: Taşkent Mahalleleri Üzerine Bir Deneme

Abstract

Bu makalede, Post-Sovyet dönüşüm yazınında adem-i merkeziyetçiliğe dair yapılmış çalışmalarda eksik kalan ve merkezyerel ilişkisinde gerilim yaratan iki dinamik, Neo-Gramşiciyaklaşımın kavramsallaştırmasının yardımı ile Özbekistan’dakimahalle politikaları üzerinden incelenmiştir: (a) ulusal devletin, neo-liberalizmin yapısal hegemonyasına uyum sağlamakiçin gerçekleştirmeye çalıştığı adem-i merkeziyetçi politikalarladönüşüm sürecinin özgün koşullarından dolayı –ulus devletinşası ve özel sektörü yaratma- merkeziyetçi eğilimlerinin artmasının yarattığı gerilim; ve (b) yerel sosyal ilişkilerin bir formu olarak yerel devletlerin (mahalle yönetimleri) yerel hegemonya ile beraber rejimin hegemonyasına uyum sağlama noktasında yaşadığı gerilim

Keywords

• Adem-i Merkeziyetçilik, Özbekistan, Taşkent, mahalle yönetimleri, post-Sovyet dönüşüm, merkez-yerel ilişkisi

The Center-Local Relationship in Uzbekistan: The Case of Tashkent Mahallas

Abstract

This article examines the two dynamics causing conflict in the center-local relationship in post-Soviet geography – an issue that is lacking in many post-Soviet studies – through the case of the mahalla-scaled policies of Uzbek regime within the conceptual framework of a neo-Gramscian perspective: (a) the conflict between the decentralization policy of the nation- states in order to adapt to the structural hegemony of neoliberalism and the original conditions of the post-Soviet tran- sition era, which have resulted in the centralist tendency of the nation-states – the creation of a nation-state and the creation of a private sector by the state; (b) the conflict between the tactics of different mahalla kengashes, which are a form of local social relations, and the strategies of the national state related with the mahalla kengash.

Keywords

• Decentralization, Uzbekistan, Mahalla Kengash, post-Soviet Transition, center-local relationship

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