Karakalpak Adetleri ve Bakhtin’in Karnavalı Arasındaki Benzerlikler

Abstract

Karakalpakların bazı gelenek ve görenekleri, kadınların ve toprağın verimliliği, toplumun ölüm ve yaşamı bir olarak kabul etmesi ve eşik kavramının önemi ile ilgilidir. Mikhail Bakhtin’in karnaval kavramını incelemesi sonucunda da benzer fikirler ortaya çıkmaktadır: verimlilik, ölüm ve yaşamın bir arada oluşu ve eşik kavramı. Bu makale Karakalpakların bazı gelenekleri ve Bakhtin’in karnaval kavramı arasındaki benzerlikleri incelemektedir. Ayrıca, hem Karakalpak adetlerinin hem de Bakhtin’in incelediği karnavalın, insanların doğa ile olan beraberliğini ve onların tek taraflı gerçeği ve kesinliği reddetmelerini temel olarak gören toplumun ayrılmaz birlikteliğe dayandığının sonucuna varmaktadır.

Keywords

• Karakalpaklar,Karakalpak adetleri,Mikhail Bakhtin,karnaval,grotesk

An Analogy between Karakalpak Rites and Bakhtin’s Carnival

Abstract

Karakalpaks furnished some of their traditions with the rites that praise and demand fertility for their women and earth, that convey the society’s acknowledgement of the integration of death and birth, and that depict the importance of threshold. Mikhail Bakhtin’s observation of the carnival and the grotesque reveals similar concepts: fertility, juxtaposition of death and birth and the idea of threshold. This article draws an analogy between some of Karakalpak rites and Bakhtin’s carnival in terms of these three concepts. It concludes that Karakalpak traditions and rites, as well as carnival as discussed by Bakhtin, were formulated as a consequence of the society’s infallible unity which was firmly subordinated to the privilege of people’s collaboration with nature and their negation of the absolute one-sided truth and certainty.

Keywords

• Karakalpaks,Karakalpak rites,Mikhail Bakhtin,carnival,grotesque

References

1. Arginbayev, Halel (1973). Kazak Halkindagi Semya Menen Neke. Alma-Ata.
2. Ayimbetov, Kalli (1977). Karakalpak Folklori. Nukus.
3. Bakhtin, Mikhail (1984a). Problems of Dostoevsky’s Poetics. Ed. and trans. Caryl Emerson. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
4. Bakhtin, Mikhail (1984b). Rabelais and His World. Trans. Helene Iswolsky. Indiana University Press.
5. Basilov, Vladimir (1992). Shamanstvo u Narodov Sredney Azii i Kazahstana. Moskva.
6. Dentith, Simon (1995). Bakhtinian Thought. London: Routledge.
7. Emerson, Caryl (2002). “Coming to Terms with Bakhtin’s Carnival: Ancient, Modern, Sub Specie Arternitatis”. Bakhtin and the Classics. Ed. R. Bracht Branham. Evaston: Northwestern University Press. 5-26.
8. Esbergenov, Hojahmet and T. Atamuratov (1975). Traditsii i Ih Preobrazovaniya v Gorodskom Bitu Karakalpakov. Nukus.

9. Jung, Hwa Yol (1998). “Bakhtin’s Dialogical Body Politics”. Bakhtin and the Human Sciences: No Last Words. London: Sage Publications. 95-111.
10. Kayser, Wolfgang (1981). The Grotesque in Art and Literature. New York: Columbia University Press.
11. Knorozov, Yuriy (1949). “Mazar-Shamun-Nabi”. Sovetskaya Etnografiya 2: 86-97.
12. Knowles, Ronald (1998). “Carnival and Death in Romeo and Juliet.” Shakespeare and Carnival. London: Macmillan. 36-60.
13. Mambetullayev, Mirzamurat (1990). “Jenskiye Kultoviye Statuetki s Toprak-Kali (Shavatskaya)”. Vestnik Karakalpakskogo Filiala Akademii Nauk Uzbekskoy SSR 3: 77-82.
14. Mihailovic, Alexandar (1997). Corporeal Words: Mikhail Bakhtin’s Theology of Discourse. Evanston: Northwestern University Press.
15. Snesarev, Gleb (1969). Relikti Domusulmanskih Verovaniy i Obryadov u Uzbekov Horezma. Moskva.
16. Tleubergenova, Naubahar (1995). “Nekotoriye Obryadi i Verovaniya Karakalpakov, Svyazanniye s Yurtoy”. Vestnik Karakalpakskogo Filiala Akademii Nauk Uzbekskoy SSR 4: 101-109.
17. Toleubayev, Abdesh (1991). Relikti Doislamskih Verovaniy v Semeynoy Obryadnosti Kazahov. Alma-Ata.
18. Tolstov, Sergey (1948). Drevniy Horezm. Moskva.
19. Tokarev, Sergey (1964). Ranniye Formi Religii. Moskva.
20. Veletskaya, Natalya (1978). Yazicheskaya Simvolika Slavyanskih Ritualov. Moskva.
21. Vice, Sue (1997). Introducing Bakhtin. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
22. Zelenin, Dmitry (1936). “Kult Ongonov v Sibiri”. Trudi Instituta Antropologii, Arheologii i Etnografii XIV (Etnograficheskaya seriya 3). Moskva-Leningrad.
23. Zelenin, Dmitry (1916). Oçerki Russkoy Mifologii, Umershiye Neyestestvennoy Smertyu i Rusalki. Peterburg.