Dil Emperyalizmi mi Kültürel Diplomasi mi? Erken Cumhuriyet Türkiye’sinde British Council ve Halkevleri

Abstract

Bu araştırmada Türkiye’deki varlığı çeşitli spekülasyonlara konu edilmiş olan British Council’ın 1940’lı yılların başında Halkevlerinde başlatmış olduğu dil kursları, dil emperyalizmi ve kültürel propaganda kavramları etrafında incelenmiştir. Ayrıca çalışma kapsamında, II. Dünya Savaşı’na denk gelen bu dönemde Avrupalı büyük devletlerin etkili bir mücadele aracı olarak kullandıkları propaganda olgusu da British Council’ın Türkiye’deki faaliyetlerini incelemek için yararlanılan kavramlardan biri olmuştur. İngilizcenin dünya dili haline getirilmesi şiarıyla başlayan İngiliz kültürel propagandası, iki savaş arası dönemde British Council’ın kurulmasından sonra sistematik bir faaliyet haline getirilmiş, II. Dünya Savaşı sırasında ise Mihver Devletleri’nin kültürel alandaki yayılmalarına karşı kullanılarak siyasal bir mücadele enstürmanı olarak görülmüştür. British Council’ın Halkevlerinde açtığı dil kursları, İngilizler açısından kültürel propagandanın bir unsuru olarak görülürken dönemin Türkiye’sinin siyasal elitleri ise British Council’ın faaliyetlerini Batılılaşma/ modernleşme serüveninde itici bir güç olarak değerlendirmişlerdir.

Keywords

• Türkiye
• British Council
• Halkevleri
• dil emperyalizmi
• kültürel propaganda

Linguistic Imperialism or Cultural Diplomacy? British Council and The People’s Houses in Early Republican Turkey

Abstract

In this study, the language courses started in the People’s Houses at the beginning of 1940s by British Council of which presence has been subject to various speculations in Turkey are examined within the scope of language imperialism and cultural propaganda. In addition, in this period of World War II, the fact of propaganda which is an effective means of struggle by European great powers is also one of the concepts used to examine the activities of British Council in Turkey. British cultural propaganda, which started with the principle of turning English into a world language, was transformed into a systematic activity after the establishment of the British Council and during World War II, it was seen as the instrument of political struggle by using against the spread of the Axis states in the cultural sphere. While the British Council’s language courses in People’s Houses are seen as part of cultural propaganda for the British, the political elites of Turkey in that period saw the British Council’s activities as a driving force in its Westernization / modernization adventure.

Keywords

• Turkey
• British Council
• people’s houses
• language imperialism
• cultural propaganda

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