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Fransa’daki Türk Göçmenlerinin Etnik ve Dinî Kimlik Algıları

Year 2014, Issue: 70, 29 - 58, 01.06.2014

Abstract

Bu makalede, Fransa’da yaşayan birinci ve ikinci kuşak Türk göçmenlerin etnik ve dinsel kimlik algılarını, kültürel uyum kuramının iki boyutlu etnik kimlik modeli (Berry 1980) çerçevesinde inceleyen çalışmanın sonuçları sunulmaktadır. Fransa’da yaşayan göçmenlerin Fransız toplumuna uyumu ve kimlik sorunu, genel olarak sosyolojik ve dilsel açıdan önemli çalışmalara konu olmasına rağmen kimlik/din ilişkisi şimdiye kadar ele alınmamıştır. Bu amaçla, birinci kuşaktan 86, ikinci kuşaktan 180, toplam 266 katılımcının anketlerinden elde edilen ve Batı Avrupa ülkelerinde yaşayan Türkler üzerine daha önce yapılan çalışmalarla karşılaştırılan bulgular, Fransa Türklerinin etnik ve dinî algılarının öz kültüre dayandığını, köken veya hâkim grup kimliğiyle özdeşleşmenin kuşaklar için önem taşıdığını kanıtlamaktadır. Faktör analizleri ikinci kuşak Türk göçmenler arasında dinî kimlik algısının güçlü olduğunu, birinci kuşak arasında ise sembolik tanımlamalar ile dinî uygulamalar arasında farklılıklar olduğunu göstermektedir

References

  • Akıncı, Mehmet Ali (1996), “Les Pratiques Langagières chez les Immigrés Turcs en France”. Écarts d’Identité 76: 14-17.
  • _____, (2001). Développement des Compétences Narratives des Enfants Bilingues Turc-Français en France Âgés de 5 à 10 ans. Munich: LINCOM.
  • _____, (2003), “Une Situation de Contact de Langues: le Cas Turc-Français des Immigrés Turcs en France”. Contacts de Langues: Modèles, Typologies, Interventions. Ed. Jacqueline Billiez. Paris: L’Harmattan, Collection Espaces Discursifs. 127-144.
  • _____, (2006). “Du Bilinguisme à la Bilittéracie. Comparaison Entre Élèves Bilingues Turc-Français et Élèves Monolingues Français”. Langage et Société 116: 93-110.
  • _____, (2008). “Language Use and Biliteracy Practices of Turkish-speaking Children and Adolescents in France”. Multilingualism and Identities across Contexts: Cross-disciplinary perspectives on Turkish-speaking youth in Europe. Eds. Vally Lytra and Jens Normann Jørgensen. Copenhagen: University of Copenhagen Press (Copenhagen Studies in Bilingualism, 45). 85-108.
  • _____, (2013). “Fransa’da Göçmen Türk Çocuklarının Dil Edinimlerine İlişkin Sorunlar ve Eğitim Kurumlarındaki Konumları”. 6. Uluslararası Türkçenin Eğitimi-Öğretimi Kurultayı. Niğde Üniversitesi. 4-6 Temmuz.
  • Akıncı, Mehmet Ali ve Jolly Ayşe (2010). “Fransa’da Türkçe Öğretiminde son Durum: Uygulamalar, Sorunlar ve Öneriler”. Proceedings of the 8. Dünyada Türkçe Öğretimi: Türkçeyi Yabancı Dil Olarak Öğretenler Zirvesi. Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi TÖMER. 80-96.
  • Akıncı, Mehmet Ali ve Kutlay Yağmur (2010). “Intergenerational Identity Reconstruction and Ethnic Identification among Turkish Speakers in France”. Turks Abroad: Migration and Integration in its 50th Year. Ed. Murat Erdoğan. Ankara: Orion Kitabevi. 715-728.
  • Archibald, James (2002). “Immigrant Integration: The Ongoing Process of Reform in France and Québec”. Language policy: Lessons from global models. Ed. Steven J. Baker. Monterey: Monterey Institute. 30-58.
  • Arends-Tóth, Judit ve Fons J.R. van de Vijver (2006). “Assessment of Psychological Acculturation”. The Cambridge Handbook of Acculturation Psychology. Eds. David L. Sam and John W. Berry. Cambridge, NY: Cambridge University Press. 142-160.
  • Armagnague, Maïtena (2008). “Processus d’Intégration des Jeunes d’Origine Turque en France et en Allemagne”. Revue en ligne Trajectoires 2: 79-88. http://trajectoires.revues.org/index207.html.
  • _____, (2010). “Les Dynamiques d’Adaptation Sociale des Communautés Turques en France et en Allemagne. Le Cas des Jeunes Générations”. Sociologie 2: 235-25.
  • Bağcı, Özel, (2012). Acculturation Orientations of Turkish Immigrants in Germany. Atthina: Melissa Publishing.
  • Bahammou, Zouhir (2011). “Migration, insertion, citoyenneté: convergence des questions et diversité des réponses. Actes du colloque interdisciplinaire et international d’étudiants et de nouveaux chercheurs”. Les Cahiers de la CRIEC 35. Montréal : Université du Québec à Montréal.
  • Berry, John W. (1980). “Acculturation as Varieties of Adaptation”. Acculturation: Theory, Models and some new Findings. Ed. Amado M. Padilla. Boulder: West-view. 9-25.
  • _____, (2003). “Conceptual Approaches to Acculturation”. Acculturation: Advances in Theory, Measurement, and Applied Research. Eds. Kevin M. Chun, Pamela Balls Organista and Gerardo Marín. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. 17-37.
  • Bogardus, Emory S. (1949). “Cultural Pluralism and Acculturation”. Sociology and Social Research, 34: 125-129.
  • Bourhis, Richard Y., Moise, Lena Celine, Perreault, Stephane ve Senecal, Sacha (1997). “Towards an Interactive Acculturation Model: A Social Psychological Approach”. International Journal of Psychology 32 (6): 369-386.
  • Bozarslan, Hamit (1990). “Une Communauté et ses Institutions: le Cas des Turcs en RFA”. Revue Européenne de Migrations Internationales 6 (3): 63-82.
  • Brégent Martine, René Mokounkolo ve Daniel Pasquier (2008). “Recherche et Classification d’Indicateurs d’Acculturation à Partir du Contexte Francophone”. Psychologie Française 53 (1): 51-69.
  • Clément, Richard ve Kimberly A. Noels (1992). “Towards a Situated Approach to Ethnolinguistic Identity: the Effects of Status on Individuals and Groups”. Journal of Language and Social Psychology 11: 203-232.
  • Dubet, François (1989). “Trois Processus Migratoires”. Revue Française des Affaires Sociales 3 (33): 7-28.
  • Fishman, Joshua A. (1989). Language and Ethnicity in Minority Sociolinguistic Perspective. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters
  • Gautier-Kızılyürek, Sylvaine (2007). “Les Enseignements de Langue et Culture d’Origine en France: Chronique d’une Mort Annoncée? Le cas de la langue turque”. Emprunts Linguistiques, Empreintes Culturelles. Ed. Fabienne Baider. Paris: L’Harmattan. 141-158.
  • Gordon, Milton M. (1964). Assimilation in American Life. London: Oxford University Press.
  • Gün, Zübeyit (2006). “Psikolojide Göç Çalışmalarındaki Metodolojik Problemler ve Çözüm Önerileri”. Türk Psikoloji Bülteni 12 (38): 27-41.
  • Hannum, Kelly M. (2007). Social Identity: Knowing Yourself, Leading Others. North Carolina: Center for Creative Leadership Press.
  • Hui, C. Harry ve Harry C. Triandis (1986). “Individualism-collectivism: A study of Crosscultural Researchers”. Journal of Cross-cultural Psychology 17: 225-248.
  • INSEE (1997). Les Immigrés en France: Contours et Caractères. Paris: INSEE.
  • _____, (2012). Immigrés et Descendants d’Immigrés en France. Paris: INSEE.
  • Irtis-Dabbagh, Verda (2003). Les Jeunes Issus de l’Immigration de Turquie en France: État des Lieux, Analyses et Perspectives. Paris: L’Harmattan.
  • Kang, Sun-Mee (2006). “Measurement of Acculturation, Scale Formats, and Language Competence: Their Implications for Adjustment”. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 37(6): 669-693.
  • Kastoryano, Riva (2003). “Les Turcs d’Europe et Leur Désir d’Europe”. Cemoti 36. http://cemoti.revues.org/document1497.html.
  • Korostelina, Karina V. (2007). Social Identity and Conflict. Gordonsville, USA: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Liebkind, Karmela (2006). “Ethnic Identity in Acculturation – A Social Psychological Perspective”. The Cambridge Handbook of Acculturation. Eds. David L. Sam and John W. Berry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 87-96.
  • Manço, Ural (1997). “Des Organisations Socio-politiques comme Solidarités Islamiques dans l’Immigration Turque en Europe”. Les Annales de l’Autre Islam 4: 97-133.
  • _____, (2004). “Turcs d’Europe: Une Présence Diasporique Unique par son Poids Démographique et sa Complexité Sociale”. Turquie: Vers de Nouveaux Horizons Migratoires? Ed. Altay Manço. Paris: L’Harmattan: 153-177.
  • Petek, Gaye (2010). “Immigration Turque en France”. Actes du Colloque de Berlin, Consultations Franco-Germano-Belge avec des Maires et Responsables Communaux. Immigration Turque: Spécificités d’un Processus d’Intégration. Ludwigsburg: DFI. 27-31.
  • Petek-Şalom, Gaye (1995). “Les Femmes et le Projet Migratoire Turc en France”. Enjeux de l’Immigration Turque en Europe. Les Turcs en France et en Europe. Eds. Paul Dumont, Alain Jund and Stéphane de Tapia. Paris: Ciemi / L’Harmattan. 249-256.
  • Phinney, Jean S. (1990). “Ethnic Identity in Adolescents and Adults: Review of Research”. Psychological Bulletin 108: 499-514.
  • _____, (2003). “Ethnic Identity and Acculturation”. Acculturation: Advances in Theory, Measurement, and Applied Research (Vol. 27). Eds. Kevin M. Chun, Pamela Balls Organista and Gerardo Marín. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 63-81.
  • Phinney, Jean S. vd. (2001). “Ethnic Identity, Immigration, and Wellbeing: An Interactional Perspective”. Journal of Social Issues 57: 493-510.
  • Redfield, Robert, Ralph Linton ve Melville Herskovits (1936). “Memorandum on the Study of Acculturation”. American Anthropologist 38: 149-152.
  • Rollan, Françoise ve Benoît Sourou (2006). Les Migrants Turcs de France, Entre Repli et Ouverture. Pessac: Maison des Sciences de l’Homme d’Aquitaine.
  • Rothe, Eugenio M., Andres J. Pumariega and Diana Sabagh (2011). “Identity and Acculturation in Immigrant and Second Generation Adolescents”. Adolescent Psychiatry 1: 72-81.
  • Şahin, Birsen (2010). “Almanya’daki Türk Göçmenlerin Sosyal Entegrasyonunun Kuşaklar arası Karşılaştırması: Kültürleşme”. Bilig 55: 103-134.
  • Sayad, Abdelmalek (1998). “Le Retour, Élément Constitutif de la Condition de l’Immigré”. Migration Société 57: 9-45.
  • Schnapper, Dominique (1988). “La Commission de la Nationalité, une Instance Singulière”. Revue Européenne de Migrations Internationales 4 (1-2): 9-28.
  • Smolicz, Jerzy J. (1981). “Core Values and Cultural Identity”. Ethnic and Racial Studies 4 (1): 75-90.
  • Tajfel, Henri ve John C. Turner (1986). “The Social Identity Theory of Intergroup Behaviour”. Psychology of Intergroup Relations. Eds. William G. Austin and Stephen Worchel. Chicago: Nelson-Hall. 7-24.
  • Tajfel, Henri (1981). Human Groups and Social Categories. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Tapia, Stéphane (de) (1995). “Le Champ Migratoire Turc et l’Europe”. Enjeux de l’Immigration Turque en Europe. Les Turcs en France et en Allemagne. Eds. Paul Dumont, Alain Jund and Stéphane de Tapia. Paris: CIEMI / L’Harmattan. 15-38.
  • Taras, Vas (2010). Instruments for Measuring Aacculturation. Online paper http://vtaras.com/Acculturation_Survey_Catalogue.pdf.
  • Toksöz, Gülay (2006). Uluslararası Emek Göçü. İstanbul: Bilgi Üniversitesi Yay. Triandis, Harry C. (2001). “Individualism-Collectivism and Personality”. Journal of Personality 69 (6): 907-924.
  • Tribalat, Michèle (1995). Faire France. Une enquête sur les immigrés et leurs enfants. Paris: La Découverte (‘Essais’).
  • Verkuyten, Maykel (2007), “Religious Group Identification and Inter-Religious Relations: A Study Among Turkish-Dutch Muslims”. Group Processes ve Intergroup Relations 10 (3): 341-357.
  • Villanova de, Roselyne (1997). “Turkish Housing Conditions in France: from Tenant to Owner”. Turks in European Cities: Housing and Urban Segregation. Eds. Şule Özüekren and Ronald Van Kempen. Utrecht: Utrecht University (Comparative Studies in Migration and Ethnic Relations 4). 98-121.
  • Wagner, Anne-Lorraine (2010). Contribution au Modèle d’Acculturation Interactif : Encourager l’Individualisme pour Lutter contre les Discriminations. Unpublished PhD. Metz: Université Paul Verlaine.
  • Yağmur, Kutlay and Mehmet Ali Akıncı (2003). “Language Use, Choice, Maintenance and Ethnolinguistic Vitality of Turkish Speakers in France: Intergenerational Differences”. International Journal of the Sociology of Language 164: 107-128.
  • _____, (2010). “The Relationship Between Receiving Society Policies and Turkish Integration Patterns: Evidence from France and the Netherlands”. Turks Abroad: Migration and Integration in its 50th Year. Ed. Murat Erdoğan. Ankara: Orion Kitabevi. 123-138.
  • Yağmur, Kutlay and Fons J.R. van de Vijver (2012). “Acculturation and Language Orientations of Turkish Immigrants in Australia, France, Germany, and the Netherlands”. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 43 (7): 11101130.

The Ethnic and Religious Identification of Turkish Immigrants in France

Year 2014, Issue: 70, 29 - 58, 01.06.2014

Abstract

In line with the two-dimensional model of acculturation theory (Berry 1980), this article investigates the intergenerational ethnic and religious identification of Turkish immigrants living in France. The adaptation of immigrants living in France to French society and identity issues in general were subject to significant studies in sociological and linguistic perspectives despite the fact that the relations between identity and religion have not been analyzed extensively. In order to identify the core components of ethnic and religious identity among Turkish immigrants in France, a total of 266 participants (86 first and 180 second generation) are included in this study. Compared to the results of previous studies done on Turks living especially in Western European countries, both the first and second generation Turkish immigrants see themselves as primarily Turkish in terms of self-identification. Religious identification shows differences across the first and second-generation. As shown with factor analyses, secondgeneration Turkish immigrants are more uniform in their religious identification, whereas the first-generation shows differences with respect to symbolic identification and religious practice.

References

  • Akıncı, Mehmet Ali (1996), “Les Pratiques Langagières chez les Immigrés Turcs en France”. Écarts d’Identité 76: 14-17.
  • _____, (2001). Développement des Compétences Narratives des Enfants Bilingues Turc-Français en France Âgés de 5 à 10 ans. Munich: LINCOM.
  • _____, (2003), “Une Situation de Contact de Langues: le Cas Turc-Français des Immigrés Turcs en France”. Contacts de Langues: Modèles, Typologies, Interventions. Ed. Jacqueline Billiez. Paris: L’Harmattan, Collection Espaces Discursifs. 127-144.
  • _____, (2006). “Du Bilinguisme à la Bilittéracie. Comparaison Entre Élèves Bilingues Turc-Français et Élèves Monolingues Français”. Langage et Société 116: 93-110.
  • _____, (2008). “Language Use and Biliteracy Practices of Turkish-speaking Children and Adolescents in France”. Multilingualism and Identities across Contexts: Cross-disciplinary perspectives on Turkish-speaking youth in Europe. Eds. Vally Lytra and Jens Normann Jørgensen. Copenhagen: University of Copenhagen Press (Copenhagen Studies in Bilingualism, 45). 85-108.
  • _____, (2013). “Fransa’da Göçmen Türk Çocuklarının Dil Edinimlerine İlişkin Sorunlar ve Eğitim Kurumlarındaki Konumları”. 6. Uluslararası Türkçenin Eğitimi-Öğretimi Kurultayı. Niğde Üniversitesi. 4-6 Temmuz.
  • Akıncı, Mehmet Ali ve Jolly Ayşe (2010). “Fransa’da Türkçe Öğretiminde son Durum: Uygulamalar, Sorunlar ve Öneriler”. Proceedings of the 8. Dünyada Türkçe Öğretimi: Türkçeyi Yabancı Dil Olarak Öğretenler Zirvesi. Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi TÖMER. 80-96.
  • Akıncı, Mehmet Ali ve Kutlay Yağmur (2010). “Intergenerational Identity Reconstruction and Ethnic Identification among Turkish Speakers in France”. Turks Abroad: Migration and Integration in its 50th Year. Ed. Murat Erdoğan. Ankara: Orion Kitabevi. 715-728.
  • Archibald, James (2002). “Immigrant Integration: The Ongoing Process of Reform in France and Québec”. Language policy: Lessons from global models. Ed. Steven J. Baker. Monterey: Monterey Institute. 30-58.
  • Arends-Tóth, Judit ve Fons J.R. van de Vijver (2006). “Assessment of Psychological Acculturation”. The Cambridge Handbook of Acculturation Psychology. Eds. David L. Sam and John W. Berry. Cambridge, NY: Cambridge University Press. 142-160.
  • Armagnague, Maïtena (2008). “Processus d’Intégration des Jeunes d’Origine Turque en France et en Allemagne”. Revue en ligne Trajectoires 2: 79-88. http://trajectoires.revues.org/index207.html.
  • _____, (2010). “Les Dynamiques d’Adaptation Sociale des Communautés Turques en France et en Allemagne. Le Cas des Jeunes Générations”. Sociologie 2: 235-25.
  • Bağcı, Özel, (2012). Acculturation Orientations of Turkish Immigrants in Germany. Atthina: Melissa Publishing.
  • Bahammou, Zouhir (2011). “Migration, insertion, citoyenneté: convergence des questions et diversité des réponses. Actes du colloque interdisciplinaire et international d’étudiants et de nouveaux chercheurs”. Les Cahiers de la CRIEC 35. Montréal : Université du Québec à Montréal.
  • Berry, John W. (1980). “Acculturation as Varieties of Adaptation”. Acculturation: Theory, Models and some new Findings. Ed. Amado M. Padilla. Boulder: West-view. 9-25.
  • _____, (2003). “Conceptual Approaches to Acculturation”. Acculturation: Advances in Theory, Measurement, and Applied Research. Eds. Kevin M. Chun, Pamela Balls Organista and Gerardo Marín. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. 17-37.
  • Bogardus, Emory S. (1949). “Cultural Pluralism and Acculturation”. Sociology and Social Research, 34: 125-129.
  • Bourhis, Richard Y., Moise, Lena Celine, Perreault, Stephane ve Senecal, Sacha (1997). “Towards an Interactive Acculturation Model: A Social Psychological Approach”. International Journal of Psychology 32 (6): 369-386.
  • Bozarslan, Hamit (1990). “Une Communauté et ses Institutions: le Cas des Turcs en RFA”. Revue Européenne de Migrations Internationales 6 (3): 63-82.
  • Brégent Martine, René Mokounkolo ve Daniel Pasquier (2008). “Recherche et Classification d’Indicateurs d’Acculturation à Partir du Contexte Francophone”. Psychologie Française 53 (1): 51-69.
  • Clément, Richard ve Kimberly A. Noels (1992). “Towards a Situated Approach to Ethnolinguistic Identity: the Effects of Status on Individuals and Groups”. Journal of Language and Social Psychology 11: 203-232.
  • Dubet, François (1989). “Trois Processus Migratoires”. Revue Française des Affaires Sociales 3 (33): 7-28.
  • Fishman, Joshua A. (1989). Language and Ethnicity in Minority Sociolinguistic Perspective. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters
  • Gautier-Kızılyürek, Sylvaine (2007). “Les Enseignements de Langue et Culture d’Origine en France: Chronique d’une Mort Annoncée? Le cas de la langue turque”. Emprunts Linguistiques, Empreintes Culturelles. Ed. Fabienne Baider. Paris: L’Harmattan. 141-158.
  • Gordon, Milton M. (1964). Assimilation in American Life. London: Oxford University Press.
  • Gün, Zübeyit (2006). “Psikolojide Göç Çalışmalarındaki Metodolojik Problemler ve Çözüm Önerileri”. Türk Psikoloji Bülteni 12 (38): 27-41.
  • Hannum, Kelly M. (2007). Social Identity: Knowing Yourself, Leading Others. North Carolina: Center for Creative Leadership Press.
  • Hui, C. Harry ve Harry C. Triandis (1986). “Individualism-collectivism: A study of Crosscultural Researchers”. Journal of Cross-cultural Psychology 17: 225-248.
  • INSEE (1997). Les Immigrés en France: Contours et Caractères. Paris: INSEE.
  • _____, (2012). Immigrés et Descendants d’Immigrés en France. Paris: INSEE.
  • Irtis-Dabbagh, Verda (2003). Les Jeunes Issus de l’Immigration de Turquie en France: État des Lieux, Analyses et Perspectives. Paris: L’Harmattan.
  • Kang, Sun-Mee (2006). “Measurement of Acculturation, Scale Formats, and Language Competence: Their Implications for Adjustment”. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 37(6): 669-693.
  • Kastoryano, Riva (2003). “Les Turcs d’Europe et Leur Désir d’Europe”. Cemoti 36. http://cemoti.revues.org/document1497.html.
  • Korostelina, Karina V. (2007). Social Identity and Conflict. Gordonsville, USA: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Liebkind, Karmela (2006). “Ethnic Identity in Acculturation – A Social Psychological Perspective”. The Cambridge Handbook of Acculturation. Eds. David L. Sam and John W. Berry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 87-96.
  • Manço, Ural (1997). “Des Organisations Socio-politiques comme Solidarités Islamiques dans l’Immigration Turque en Europe”. Les Annales de l’Autre Islam 4: 97-133.
  • _____, (2004). “Turcs d’Europe: Une Présence Diasporique Unique par son Poids Démographique et sa Complexité Sociale”. Turquie: Vers de Nouveaux Horizons Migratoires? Ed. Altay Manço. Paris: L’Harmattan: 153-177.
  • Petek, Gaye (2010). “Immigration Turque en France”. Actes du Colloque de Berlin, Consultations Franco-Germano-Belge avec des Maires et Responsables Communaux. Immigration Turque: Spécificités d’un Processus d’Intégration. Ludwigsburg: DFI. 27-31.
  • Petek-Şalom, Gaye (1995). “Les Femmes et le Projet Migratoire Turc en France”. Enjeux de l’Immigration Turque en Europe. Les Turcs en France et en Europe. Eds. Paul Dumont, Alain Jund and Stéphane de Tapia. Paris: Ciemi / L’Harmattan. 249-256.
  • Phinney, Jean S. (1990). “Ethnic Identity in Adolescents and Adults: Review of Research”. Psychological Bulletin 108: 499-514.
  • _____, (2003). “Ethnic Identity and Acculturation”. Acculturation: Advances in Theory, Measurement, and Applied Research (Vol. 27). Eds. Kevin M. Chun, Pamela Balls Organista and Gerardo Marín. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 63-81.
  • Phinney, Jean S. vd. (2001). “Ethnic Identity, Immigration, and Wellbeing: An Interactional Perspective”. Journal of Social Issues 57: 493-510.
  • Redfield, Robert, Ralph Linton ve Melville Herskovits (1936). “Memorandum on the Study of Acculturation”. American Anthropologist 38: 149-152.
  • Rollan, Françoise ve Benoît Sourou (2006). Les Migrants Turcs de France, Entre Repli et Ouverture. Pessac: Maison des Sciences de l’Homme d’Aquitaine.
  • Rothe, Eugenio M., Andres J. Pumariega and Diana Sabagh (2011). “Identity and Acculturation in Immigrant and Second Generation Adolescents”. Adolescent Psychiatry 1: 72-81.
  • Şahin, Birsen (2010). “Almanya’daki Türk Göçmenlerin Sosyal Entegrasyonunun Kuşaklar arası Karşılaştırması: Kültürleşme”. Bilig 55: 103-134.
  • Sayad, Abdelmalek (1998). “Le Retour, Élément Constitutif de la Condition de l’Immigré”. Migration Société 57: 9-45.
  • Schnapper, Dominique (1988). “La Commission de la Nationalité, une Instance Singulière”. Revue Européenne de Migrations Internationales 4 (1-2): 9-28.
  • Smolicz, Jerzy J. (1981). “Core Values and Cultural Identity”. Ethnic and Racial Studies 4 (1): 75-90.
  • Tajfel, Henri ve John C. Turner (1986). “The Social Identity Theory of Intergroup Behaviour”. Psychology of Intergroup Relations. Eds. William G. Austin and Stephen Worchel. Chicago: Nelson-Hall. 7-24.
  • Tajfel, Henri (1981). Human Groups and Social Categories. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Tapia, Stéphane (de) (1995). “Le Champ Migratoire Turc et l’Europe”. Enjeux de l’Immigration Turque en Europe. Les Turcs en France et en Allemagne. Eds. Paul Dumont, Alain Jund and Stéphane de Tapia. Paris: CIEMI / L’Harmattan. 15-38.
  • Taras, Vas (2010). Instruments for Measuring Aacculturation. Online paper http://vtaras.com/Acculturation_Survey_Catalogue.pdf.
  • Toksöz, Gülay (2006). Uluslararası Emek Göçü. İstanbul: Bilgi Üniversitesi Yay. Triandis, Harry C. (2001). “Individualism-Collectivism and Personality”. Journal of Personality 69 (6): 907-924.
  • Tribalat, Michèle (1995). Faire France. Une enquête sur les immigrés et leurs enfants. Paris: La Découverte (‘Essais’).
  • Verkuyten, Maykel (2007), “Religious Group Identification and Inter-Religious Relations: A Study Among Turkish-Dutch Muslims”. Group Processes ve Intergroup Relations 10 (3): 341-357.
  • Villanova de, Roselyne (1997). “Turkish Housing Conditions in France: from Tenant to Owner”. Turks in European Cities: Housing and Urban Segregation. Eds. Şule Özüekren and Ronald Van Kempen. Utrecht: Utrecht University (Comparative Studies in Migration and Ethnic Relations 4). 98-121.
  • Wagner, Anne-Lorraine (2010). Contribution au Modèle d’Acculturation Interactif : Encourager l’Individualisme pour Lutter contre les Discriminations. Unpublished PhD. Metz: Université Paul Verlaine.
  • Yağmur, Kutlay and Mehmet Ali Akıncı (2003). “Language Use, Choice, Maintenance and Ethnolinguistic Vitality of Turkish Speakers in France: Intergenerational Differences”. International Journal of the Sociology of Language 164: 107-128.
  • _____, (2010). “The Relationship Between Receiving Society Policies and Turkish Integration Patterns: Evidence from France and the Netherlands”. Turks Abroad: Migration and Integration in its 50th Year. Ed. Murat Erdoğan. Ankara: Orion Kitabevi. 123-138.
  • Yağmur, Kutlay and Fons J.R. van de Vijver (2012). “Acculturation and Language Orientations of Turkish Immigrants in Australia, France, Germany, and the Netherlands”. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 43 (7): 11101130.
There are 61 citations in total.

Details

Other ID JA75RZ76RP
Journal Section Book Reviews
Authors

Mehmet Ali Akıncı This is me

Publication Date June 1, 2014
Published in Issue Year 2014 Issue: 70

Cite

APA Akıncı, M. A. (2014). Fransa’daki Türk Göçmenlerinin Etnik ve Dinî Kimlik Algıları. Bilig(70), 29-58.
AMA Akıncı MA. Fransa’daki Türk Göçmenlerinin Etnik ve Dinî Kimlik Algıları. Bilig. June 2014;(70):29-58.
Chicago Akıncı, Mehmet Ali. “Fransa’daki Türk Göçmenlerinin Etnik Ve Dinî Kimlik Algıları”. Bilig, no. 70 (June 2014): 29-58.
EndNote Akıncı MA (June 1, 2014) Fransa’daki Türk Göçmenlerinin Etnik ve Dinî Kimlik Algıları. Bilig 70 29–58.
IEEE M. A. Akıncı, “Fransa’daki Türk Göçmenlerinin Etnik ve Dinî Kimlik Algıları”, Bilig, no. 70, pp. 29–58, June 2014.
ISNAD Akıncı, Mehmet Ali. “Fransa’daki Türk Göçmenlerinin Etnik Ve Dinî Kimlik Algıları”. Bilig 70 (June 2014), 29-58.
JAMA Akıncı MA. Fransa’daki Türk Göçmenlerinin Etnik ve Dinî Kimlik Algıları. Bilig. 2014;:29–58.
MLA Akıncı, Mehmet Ali. “Fransa’daki Türk Göçmenlerinin Etnik Ve Dinî Kimlik Algıları”. Bilig, no. 70, 2014, pp. 29-58.
Vancouver Akıncı MA. Fransa’daki Türk Göçmenlerinin Etnik ve Dinî Kimlik Algıları. Bilig. 2014(70):29-58.

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