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Assessment of The Relation of Nationalist Movement and Religion in Tunisia in the Pre-Independence Period from An Ethnosymbolic Approach (1911-1956)

Year 2020, Issue: 92, 185 - 204, 31.01.2020
https://doi.org/10.12995/bilig.9208

Abstract

This study examines the relationship between religion and nationalism through the independence movement in Tunisia during the French Protectorate. This work, which adopts an ethno-symbolic approach unlike primordia list and constructivist approaches that have emerged in these studies of nationalism, reveals that the leaders who lead the nationalist movement in Tunisia aim to establish a nation-state by using religious symbols. In this context, the study argues that the attitude of the nationalist movement on religion can be better understood in the light of the ideological and political struggles that are effective in the pre-independence period. Emphasizing that
nationalist elites in Tunisia instrumentalize religious symbols to reach their goals, it is claimed that the ethno-symbolic approach offers a more comprehensive view than any other approach in the field of nationalism.

References

  • Abadi, Jacob (2013). Tunisia Since the Arab Conquest: The Saga of a Westernized Muslim State. Cornwall: Ithaca Press.
  • Anderson, Lisa (1987). The State and Social Transformation in Tunisia and Libya: 1830-1980. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Anderson, Benedict (1983). Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. London ve New York: Verso.
  • Armstrong, John A. (2000). “Nations Before Nationalism”. Nationalism: Critical Concepts in Political Science. Ed. John Hutchinson and Anthony D. Smith. V. I. London and NY: Routledge. 216-243.
  • Ayadi, Toufik (1989). “Insurrection et Religion en Tunisie: L’exemple de Thala Kasserine (1906) et du Jellaz (1911). Révolte et société. Ed. Direction des Archives de France. Paris: Histoire au Présent. 166-175.
  • Brown, Leon C. (1964). “Stages in the Process of Change”. Tunisia: The Politics of Modernization. Ed. Charles A. Micaud. New York: F. A. Preager. 3-69.
  • Charrad, Mounira (2001). States and Women’s Rights: The Making of Postcolonial Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Green, Arnold H. (1978). The Tunisian Ulama 1873-1915: Social Structure and Response to Ideological Currents. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
  • Guibernau, Montserrat (2004). “Anthony David Smith on nations and national identity: a critical assessment”. Nations and Nationalism 10 (1/2): 125-141.
  • Hamza, Hassine-Raouf (1987). “Eléments pour réflexion sur l’histoire du mouvement national pendant l’entre-deux-guerres: La scission du Destour de mars 1934”. Les Mouvements Politiques et Sociales Dans la Tunisie des Années Trente. Ed. Moncef Chenoufi. Tunis: Ministere de l’Education, de l’Enseignement et de la Recherche Scientifique. 51-78.
  • Hermassi, Elbaki (1972). Leadership and National Development in North Africa: A Comparative Study. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Jones, Richard E. (1977). “The Naturalization Crisis of 1933 in Tunisia: French Analysis and Tunisian Response”. Revue d’histoire Maghrébine 7(8): 165-178.
  • Kaufman, Stuart J. (2001). Modern Hatreds, The Symbolic Politics of Ethnic War. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
  • Kraiem, Mustapha (1990). Pouvoir colonial et Mouvement national. Tunis: Alif.
  • Kubik, Jan (2003). “Cultural Legacies of State Socialism: History-making and Cultural-Political Entrepreneurship in Postcommunist Poland and Russia”. Capitalism and Democracy in Central and Eastern Europe: Assessing the Legacy of Communist Rule. Ed. Grzegorz Ekiert and Stephen E. Hanson. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 317-351.
  • Ling, Dwight (1967). Tunisia, from Protectorate to Republic. Bloomington, Indiana University Press.
  • Mahjoubi, Ali (1982). Les Origines du Mouvement National en Tunisie: 1904-1934. Tunis: Publications de l’Université de Tunis.
  • Moore, Clement Henry (1964). “The Era of Neo-Destour”. Tunisia: The Politics of Modernization. Ed. Charles. A. Micaud. New York: F. A. Preager.
  • Perkins, Kenneth J. (2014). A History of Modern Tunisia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Perkins, Kenneth J. (1986). Tunisia: Crossroads of the Islamic and European Worlds. Boulder: Westview Press.
  • Roshwald, Aviel (2006). The Endurance of Nationalism: Ancient Roots and Modern Dilemmas. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Salem, Norma (1983). Habib Bourguiba: A Study of Islam and Legitimacy in the Arab World. Doktora Tezi. Montreal: Mc Gill University.
  • Sayah, Mohamed (1973). “La Troisième Epreuve: Le Néo-Destour engage un Ultime Dialogue 1950-1951”. Histoire du Mouvement National Tunisien. V. XI. Tunis: Ministère de l’Information.
  • Sayah, Mohamed (1979). “Le Néo-Destour face à la Troisième Epreuve: 1952-1956 Indépendance”. Histoire du Mouvement National Tunisien. V. XV. Tunis: Ministère de l’Information.
  • Smith, Anthony David (2000). “The Sacred Dimension of Nationalism”. Journal of International Studies 29 (3): 791-814.
  • Smith, Antony David (1992). “National identity and the idea of European unity”. International Affairs 68 (1): 55-76.
  • Smith, Anthony David (1986). The Ethnic Origins of Nations. Oxford ve Cambridge: Blackwell.
  • Wolf, Anne (2013). “An Islamist ‘renaissance’? Religion and politics in post-revolutionary Tunisia”. The Journal of North African Studies 18 (4): 560-573.

Bağımsızlık Öncesi Dönemde Tunus’ta Milliyetçi Hareket ve Din İlişkisinin Etnosembolcü Bir Yaklaşımla Değerlendirilmesi (1911-1956)

Year 2020, Issue: 92, 185 - 204, 31.01.2020
https://doi.org/10.12995/bilig.9208

Abstract

Bu çalışma, din ve milliyetçilik arasındaki ilişkiyi Fransız protektora yönetimi döneminde Tunus’ta gelişen bağımsızlık hareketi üzerinden ele almaktadır. Milliyetçilik alanında yapılan çalışmalarda öne çıkan ilkçi (primordialist) ve inşaacı (constructivist) yaklaşımlardan farklı olarak etno-sembolcü bir yaklaşım benimseyen bu çalışma, Tunus’ta milliyetçi harekete önderlik eden liderlerin dini sembolleri kullanarak bir ulus-devlet kurmayı amaçladığını ortaya koymaktadır. Çalışma bu bağlamda, bağımsızlık öncesi dönemde etkili olan ideolojik ve siyasi mücadeleler ışığında milliyetçi hareketin din konusundaki tutumunun anlaşılabileceğini savunmaktadır. Tunus’ta milliyetçi seçkinlerin kendi ideolojik ve siyasi hedeflerine ulaşmak için dini sembolleri araçsallaştırdıklarını vurgulayan bu çalışmada, etno-sembolcü yaklaşımın
milliyetçilik alanındaki diğer yaklaşımlardan daha kapsamlı bir bakış açısı sunduğu iddia edilmektedir.

References

  • Abadi, Jacob (2013). Tunisia Since the Arab Conquest: The Saga of a Westernized Muslim State. Cornwall: Ithaca Press.
  • Anderson, Lisa (1987). The State and Social Transformation in Tunisia and Libya: 1830-1980. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Anderson, Benedict (1983). Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. London ve New York: Verso.
  • Armstrong, John A. (2000). “Nations Before Nationalism”. Nationalism: Critical Concepts in Political Science. Ed. John Hutchinson and Anthony D. Smith. V. I. London and NY: Routledge. 216-243.
  • Ayadi, Toufik (1989). “Insurrection et Religion en Tunisie: L’exemple de Thala Kasserine (1906) et du Jellaz (1911). Révolte et société. Ed. Direction des Archives de France. Paris: Histoire au Présent. 166-175.
  • Brown, Leon C. (1964). “Stages in the Process of Change”. Tunisia: The Politics of Modernization. Ed. Charles A. Micaud. New York: F. A. Preager. 3-69.
  • Charrad, Mounira (2001). States and Women’s Rights: The Making of Postcolonial Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Green, Arnold H. (1978). The Tunisian Ulama 1873-1915: Social Structure and Response to Ideological Currents. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
  • Guibernau, Montserrat (2004). “Anthony David Smith on nations and national identity: a critical assessment”. Nations and Nationalism 10 (1/2): 125-141.
  • Hamza, Hassine-Raouf (1987). “Eléments pour réflexion sur l’histoire du mouvement national pendant l’entre-deux-guerres: La scission du Destour de mars 1934”. Les Mouvements Politiques et Sociales Dans la Tunisie des Années Trente. Ed. Moncef Chenoufi. Tunis: Ministere de l’Education, de l’Enseignement et de la Recherche Scientifique. 51-78.
  • Hermassi, Elbaki (1972). Leadership and National Development in North Africa: A Comparative Study. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Jones, Richard E. (1977). “The Naturalization Crisis of 1933 in Tunisia: French Analysis and Tunisian Response”. Revue d’histoire Maghrébine 7(8): 165-178.
  • Kaufman, Stuart J. (2001). Modern Hatreds, The Symbolic Politics of Ethnic War. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
  • Kraiem, Mustapha (1990). Pouvoir colonial et Mouvement national. Tunis: Alif.
  • Kubik, Jan (2003). “Cultural Legacies of State Socialism: History-making and Cultural-Political Entrepreneurship in Postcommunist Poland and Russia”. Capitalism and Democracy in Central and Eastern Europe: Assessing the Legacy of Communist Rule. Ed. Grzegorz Ekiert and Stephen E. Hanson. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 317-351.
  • Ling, Dwight (1967). Tunisia, from Protectorate to Republic. Bloomington, Indiana University Press.
  • Mahjoubi, Ali (1982). Les Origines du Mouvement National en Tunisie: 1904-1934. Tunis: Publications de l’Université de Tunis.
  • Moore, Clement Henry (1964). “The Era of Neo-Destour”. Tunisia: The Politics of Modernization. Ed. Charles. A. Micaud. New York: F. A. Preager.
  • Perkins, Kenneth J. (2014). A History of Modern Tunisia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Perkins, Kenneth J. (1986). Tunisia: Crossroads of the Islamic and European Worlds. Boulder: Westview Press.
  • Roshwald, Aviel (2006). The Endurance of Nationalism: Ancient Roots and Modern Dilemmas. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Salem, Norma (1983). Habib Bourguiba: A Study of Islam and Legitimacy in the Arab World. Doktora Tezi. Montreal: Mc Gill University.
  • Sayah, Mohamed (1973). “La Troisième Epreuve: Le Néo-Destour engage un Ultime Dialogue 1950-1951”. Histoire du Mouvement National Tunisien. V. XI. Tunis: Ministère de l’Information.
  • Sayah, Mohamed (1979). “Le Néo-Destour face à la Troisième Epreuve: 1952-1956 Indépendance”. Histoire du Mouvement National Tunisien. V. XV. Tunis: Ministère de l’Information.
  • Smith, Anthony David (2000). “The Sacred Dimension of Nationalism”. Journal of International Studies 29 (3): 791-814.
  • Smith, Antony David (1992). “National identity and the idea of European unity”. International Affairs 68 (1): 55-76.
  • Smith, Anthony David (1986). The Ethnic Origins of Nations. Oxford ve Cambridge: Blackwell.
  • Wolf, Anne (2013). “An Islamist ‘renaissance’? Religion and politics in post-revolutionary Tunisia”. The Journal of North African Studies 18 (4): 560-573.
There are 28 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Hatice Rumeysa Dursun This is me 0000-0003-2759-4550

Publication Date January 31, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Issue: 92

Cite

APA Dursun, H. R. (2020). Bağımsızlık Öncesi Dönemde Tunus’ta Milliyetçi Hareket ve Din İlişkisinin Etnosembolcü Bir Yaklaşımla Değerlendirilmesi (1911-1956). Bilig(92), 185-204. https://doi.org/10.12995/bilig.9208
AMA Dursun HR. Bağımsızlık Öncesi Dönemde Tunus’ta Milliyetçi Hareket ve Din İlişkisinin Etnosembolcü Bir Yaklaşımla Değerlendirilmesi (1911-1956). Bilig. January 2020;(92):185-204. doi:10.12995/bilig.9208
Chicago Dursun, Hatice Rumeysa. “Bağımsızlık Öncesi Dönemde Tunus’ta Milliyetçi Hareket Ve Din İlişkisinin Etnosembolcü Bir Yaklaşımla Değerlendirilmesi (1911-1956)”. Bilig, no. 92 (January 2020): 185-204. https://doi.org/10.12995/bilig.9208.
EndNote Dursun HR (January 1, 2020) Bağımsızlık Öncesi Dönemde Tunus’ta Milliyetçi Hareket ve Din İlişkisinin Etnosembolcü Bir Yaklaşımla Değerlendirilmesi (1911-1956). Bilig 92 185–204.
IEEE H. R. Dursun, “Bağımsızlık Öncesi Dönemde Tunus’ta Milliyetçi Hareket ve Din İlişkisinin Etnosembolcü Bir Yaklaşımla Değerlendirilmesi (1911-1956)”, Bilig, no. 92, pp. 185–204, January 2020, doi: 10.12995/bilig.9208.
ISNAD Dursun, Hatice Rumeysa. “Bağımsızlık Öncesi Dönemde Tunus’ta Milliyetçi Hareket Ve Din İlişkisinin Etnosembolcü Bir Yaklaşımla Değerlendirilmesi (1911-1956)”. Bilig 92 (January 2020), 185-204. https://doi.org/10.12995/bilig.9208.
JAMA Dursun HR. Bağımsızlık Öncesi Dönemde Tunus’ta Milliyetçi Hareket ve Din İlişkisinin Etnosembolcü Bir Yaklaşımla Değerlendirilmesi (1911-1956). Bilig. 2020;:185–204.
MLA Dursun, Hatice Rumeysa. “Bağımsızlık Öncesi Dönemde Tunus’ta Milliyetçi Hareket Ve Din İlişkisinin Etnosembolcü Bir Yaklaşımla Değerlendirilmesi (1911-1956)”. Bilig, no. 92, 2020, pp. 185-04, doi:10.12995/bilig.9208.
Vancouver Dursun HR. Bağımsızlık Öncesi Dönemde Tunus’ta Milliyetçi Hareket ve Din İlişkisinin Etnosembolcü Bir Yaklaşımla Değerlendirilmesi (1911-1956). Bilig. 2020(92):185-204.

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