Kum Altında Kalan Kadim Türkistan Şehirlerine Ziyaret

Year 2021, Issue: 98, 147 - 163, 16.07.2021

Tevfik Orçun Özgün

https://doi.org/10.12995/bilig.9807

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Kadim Türkistan şehirlerinin tarihsel süreçte sahip oldukları kültürel birikimin ve coğrafi karakterinin İngilizler tarafından ilgi nesnesi haline getirildiği bir dönemde Douglas Forsyth ve ekibinin 1873 yılında Doğu Türkistan’a gerçekleştirdiği seyahat, diplomatik ve ekonomik amacının dışında Orta Asya’yı ve Doğu Türkistan’ı daha kapsamlı tanıma ve inceleme çabalarını da beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu doğrultuda kum altında kalarak efsanevi bir şöhrete de bürünen eski yerleşimler ve bunlara dair saklı hazinelerin düşüncesi, bu seyahati kültürel izlerin takibine dönüştürmüştür. Seyahatin gerçekleştirildiği dönemde Doğu Türkistan’ın hakimi olan Yakup Bey ile geliştirilmeye çalışılan İngiliz Kaşgar Hanlığı münasebeti ise henüz karşılıklı güvenden yoksun vaziyettedir. Olumsuz şartlara rağmen Hoten ve çevresine yönelik gerçekleştirilen keşif gezileri sonucu elde edilen hazineler, kültürel izler bölgeye yönelik akademik ilginin artmasını sağlamıştır.

Keywords

Kaşgar Hanlığı, Douglas Forsyth, kadim şehirler, Doğu Türkistan, keşif gezisi

The Visit to the Ancient Cities of Turkistan Buried Under Sand

Abstract

In a period when cultural background and geographical characteristics of ancient Turkestan cities became a field of interest for the British, Douglas Forsyth and his team’s journey to the East Turkestan in 1873, aside from its diplomatic and economic purpose, brought efforts to understand and explore Central Asia and East Turkestan more comprehensively. Thus, this visit was turned into a pursuit of cultural traces with the thought of old settlements buried under the sand with a mythical reputation and their sacred treasures. Relationship between the Yakub Beg, ruler of the East Turkestan, and British-Kashgar Khanate was lacking mutual trust during the period of the visit. Despite the inconvenient conditions, treasures and cultural traces gathered thanks to those expeditions carried out in Hotan and its vicinity,
increased the academic interest towards the region.

Keywords

Kashgar Khanate, Douglas Forsyth, ancient cities, East Turkestan, expedition

References

• Bellew, Henry Walter. Kashmir and Kashghar: A Narrative of the Journey of the Embassy to Kashghar in 1873-74. Trubner & Co., Ludgate Hill, 1875.
• Copies of a Note on Seistan by the Officiating Under Secretary at Fort William, dated the 20th day of December 1867 and of Despatches and Memoranda or, Extracts from Despatches Memoranda which have been sent to the Government of India since 1866, by Mr. Forsyth, or other Officers On the Frontier, as to the Trade of
• India with Eastern Turketan or the Countries between it and the Punjab. 31 July 1869, pp. 1-60.
• Forsyth, Ethel, ed. Autobiography and Reminiscences of Sir Douglas Forsyth. Richard Bentley and Son Publishers in Ordinary Her Majesty Queen, 1887.
• Forsyth, Douglas T. “On the Buried Cities in the Shifting Sands of the Great Desert of Gobi.” Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society of London, vol. 21, no. 1, 1876 -1877, pp. 27-46.
• Garder, Percy, and Henry Hoyle Howarth. “Coins From Kashgar.” The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Numismatic Society, New Series, vol.19, 1879, pp. 274-281.
• Godwin-Austin, Henry Haversham. “Obituary: Mr. W. H. Johnson.” Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography, vol. 5, no. 5, 1883, pp. 291-293.
• Hopkirk, Peter. Foreign Devils on the Silk Road, The Search for the Lost Treasures of Central Asia. John Murray Publishing, 1988.
• Johnson, William H. “Report on His Journey to Ilchi, The Capital of Khoten in Chinese Tartary by Mr. Civil-Assistant of W. H. Johnson, F.R.G.S., Great
• Trigonometric Survey of India.” Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, vol. 37, 1867, pp. 1-50.
• Kolesnikov, Aleksandr. Rus Seyyahların Gözüyle Kaşgar XIX. Yüzyılın İkinci Yarısı- XX. Yüzyılın Başı. Çev. Rakhat Abdieva, Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, 2010.
• Mason, Kenneth. “Kishen Singh and the Indian Explorers.” The Geographical Journal, vol. 62, no. 6, 1923, pp. 429-440.
• Rawlinson, Henry Creswicke et al. “Extracts of Letters from Members of Mr. Forsyth’s Mission to Kashgar Relating to the Geographical Results of the
• Mission.” Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society of London, vol.18, no. 4, 1873 -1874, pp. 414-444.
• Rawlinson, Henry Creswicke. “On the Recent Journey of Mr. W. H. Johnson from Leh, in Ladakh, to Ilchi in ChineseTurkistan.” Proceedings of the Royal
• Geographical Society of London, vol. 11, no. 1, 1866 -1867, pp. 6-15.
• Stein, M. Aurel. Ancient Khotan: Detailed report of archaeological explorations in Chinese Turkestan, Clarendon Press, 1907.
• Trotter, Henry. Account of The Survey Operations in Connection With The Mission to Yarkand and Kashgar in 1873-74. Foreign Department Press, 1875.
• Waller, Derek. The Pundits, British Explorations of Tibet and Central Asia. The University Press of Kentucky, 1988. British Museum. “Collection” https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/C_OR-7240 (retrieved: 24.05.2020).