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An Evaluation of India’s Central Asian Policy in the Context of Regional Interests

Year 2023, Issue: 105, 159 - 181, 27.04.2023
https://doi.org/10.12995/bilig.10507

Abstract

In this study, the transformations in Central Asian policies from the post-cold war period of India to the present will be discussed. In this context, the influence of India in the power struggle in Central Asia, the basis on which India has relations with the region, and the place of this spiral of ties in India’s economy will be tried to be revealed in the context of foreign policy analysis. The main determination of the study is that despite the changes in the internal and external conjuncture of India in the historical process of more than a century, their relations have not been broken, and there has always been a unique, exceptional and always special type of economic and security relations. Another finding is that it has the potential to provide strategic benefits to India in geopolitical competition. The historical development of the relations between India and Central Asian countries and how it can be shaped in the future have been tried to be revealed. This study concludes with an analysis of the current threats for India’s national security policy.

References

  • Afzal, Amina. “India’s Growing Influence in Central Asia: Implications for Pakistan.” Strtegic Studies, vol. 23, no. 3, 2003, pp. 155-167.
  • Alam, Anwar. “India, Non-alignment and Emerging Global Governence.” India Quarterly, vol. 73, no. 3, 2017, pp. 273-291.
  • Aras, Bülent, and Micheal P. Croissant. Oil and Geopolitics in the Caspian Sea Region. Greenwood Publishing, 1999.
  • Aris, Stephen. The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation: ‘Tackling the Three Evils’. A Regional Response to Non-Traditional Security Challenges or an Anti-Western Bloc?” Europe-Asia Studies, vol. 61 no. 3, 2009, pp. 457-482.
  • Baladas, Ghoshal. India and China: Towards a Competitive-Cooperative Relationship? IPCS Issue Brief. Hawai: Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies, 2010.
  • Blank, Stephen. “Central Asia and The Transformation of Asia’s Strategic Geography.” The Journal of East Asian Affairs, vol. 17, no. 2, 2003, pp. 327-328.
  • Chiriyankandath, James. “Realigning India: Indian Foreing Policy After the Cold War.” The Round Table: The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs, vol. 93, no. 374, 2007, pp. 199-211.
  • Dahlman, Carl J. “China and India: Emerging Technological Powers.” Issues in Science and Technology, vol. 23, no. 3, 2007, pp. 45-53.
  • Devdutt. “Non-Alignment and India.” The Indian Journal of Political Science, vol. 23, no.1/4, 1962, pp. 380-397.
  • Harshe, Rajen. “India’s Non-Alignment: An Attempt at Conceptual Reconstruction.” Economic&Political Weekly, vol. 25, no. 7/8, 1990, pp. 399-405.
  • Hathaway, Robert M. “India Transformed: Parsing India’s New Foreign Policy.” India Review, vol. 2, no. 4, 2003, pp. 1-14.
  • Hussein, Rikar, and Asim Kashgarian. Analysts: Central Asian States Must Learn From IS-Linked Citizens. 17 June 2019. March 2022. <https://www.voanews.com/a/analysts-central-asian-states-must-learn-from-is-linkedcitizens/4963231.html>.
  • Joshi, Manoj. Playing a Losing Game. 1 February 2022. 5 March 2022. <https://www.orfonline.org/research/playing-a-losing-game/>.
  • Kulkarni, Sanket Sudhir. Wait and watch: The Most Optimal Strategy for SustainingIndo-Turkmen Energy Ties. 13 August 2019. 5 March 2022. <https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/wait-watch-most-optimal-strategy-sustainingindo-turkmen-energy-ties-54385/>.
  • Lemon, Edward, Vera Mironova, and William Tobey. Jihadists from Ex-Soviet Central Asia: Where Are They? Why Did They Radicalize? What Next? 07 December2018. February 2022. <https://www.russiamatters.org/analysis/jihadists-exsoviet- central-asia-where-are-they-why-did-they-radicalize-what-next>.
  • MEA, Government of India. “‘India-Kazakhstan Relation’, Ministry of External Affairs.” December 2018. Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India. March 2022. <https://mea.gov.in/Portal/ForeignRelation/december_2018.pdf>.
  • Menon, Rhea, and Sharanya Rajiv. Realizing India’s Strategic Interests in Central Asia. 1 December 2019. March 2022. <https://carnegieindia.org/2019/12/01/realizing-india-s-strategic-interests-in-central-asia-pub-80576>.
  • Mohan, Raja C. “India and Balance of Power.” Foreign Affairs, vol. 85, no. 4, 2006, pp. 17-32.
  • Motkin, Anatoly. Western Tech can Protect Central Asia from the Afghan Scenario. 18 December 2021. March 2022. <https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/western-tech-can-protect-central-asia-from-the-afghan-scenario/>.
  • Mullen, Rani D. “India in Afghanistan: Understanding Development Assistance by Emerging Donors to Conflict-Affected Countries.” Research Report. 2017.
  • Munir, Zeeshan and Raju Keshari. “Russia As A Factor In India–China Relations.” World Affairs: The Journal of International Issues, vol. 22, no. 2, 2018, pp. 94-105.
  • Nishtha, Kaushiki. “The New Great Game and India’s Connect Central Asia Poli – cy: Strategic Perspectives and Challenges.” Journal of International and Area Studies, vol. 20, no 2, 2013, pp. 83-100.
  • Norfolk, Daniel. “India’s Engagement with Afghanistan: Developing a ‘Durable Policy Architecture’.” Institute of South Asian Studies (ISAS) Working Paper 138, 2011.
  • Panwar, Mahendra. Make in India, Opportunities and Challenges. New delhi: Prajjwal Books, 2018.
  • Rowden, Rick. India’s Strategic Interests in Central Asia and Afghanistan Go Through Iran. 18 December 2020. March 2022. <https://newlinesinstitute.org/iran/indias-strategic-interests-in-central-asia-and-afghanistan-go-through-iran/>.
  • Roy, Oliver. The New Central Asia: The Creation of Nations. New York Univ. Press, 2000.
  • Samachar, Sainik. Indo-Kazakhstan Joint Exercise ‘Prabal Dostyk 2017’. 1 December 2017. March 2022. <https://carnegieindia.org/2019/12/01/realizing-indias-strategic-interests-in-central-asia-pub-80576>.
  • Sharma, Raghav. India & Afghanistan: Charting The Future. Special Report. New Delhi: Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies, 2009.
  • Singh, Anita Inder. “India’s Relations with Russia and Central Asia.” International Affairs, vol. 71, no. 1, 1995, pp. 69-81.
  • Srivastava, Monika. “India as an Emerging Power: A Report.” India Quarterly, vol. 62, no. 1, 2006, p. 59-79.
  • Warikoo, Kulbhushan. “Central Asia and South Asia: Opportunities and Challenges.” India Quarterly, vol. 72, no.1, 2016, pp. 1-15.
  • Zhu, Zhiqun. “China-India Relations in the 21 st Century: A Critical Inquiry.” Inian Journal of Asian Affairs, vol.24, np. 1/2, 2011, pp. 1-16.

Soğuk Savaştan Günümüze Hindistan’ın Orta Asya Politikasının Bölgesel Çıkarlar Bağlamında Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2023, Issue: 105, 159 - 181, 27.04.2023
https://doi.org/10.12995/bilig.10507

Abstract

Bu çalışmada Hindistan’ın Orta Asya devletleri ile olan ilişkileri Hindistan’ın bölgesel çıkarları bağlamında değerlendirilmiştir. Bu bağlamda, ilk bölümde soğuk savaş döneminde Hindistan’ın Orta Asya politikası analiz edilmiş olup, bağlantısızlık politikası kapsamında SSCB bağlamındaki ilişkileri ve Orta Asya’nın güvenliğindeki rolü değerlendirilmiştir. İkinci bölümde ise Hindistan’ın bağlantısızlık politikasının Orta Asya devletleri ile olan ilişkilere ne gibi etkiler yaptığı analiz edilmiştir. Mevcut durumun tartışıldığı son bölümde ise Orta Asya’daki ülkeler ile ikili ilişkilerin yanı sıra çeşitli diplomatik konferanslar, antlaşmalar ve Şangay İşbirliği Örgütü kapsamında serbest ticaret bölgeleri ve ekonomik koridorların gerekliliği değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmanın temel çıkarımı tarihsel bağlamda Hindistan’ın iç ve dış politikasında meydana gelen değişikliklere rağmen Orta Asya ülkeleri ile olan kültürel, ekonomik ve askeri ilişkilerin kopmamış olması üzerinedir. Diğer bir bulgu ise jeopolitik rekabette Orta Asya ülkelerinin Hindistan’a stratejik fayda sağlama potansiyeline sahip olduğudur. Bu çalışma, Hindistan’ın ulusal güvenlik politikasının karşı karşıya olduğu güncel tehlikelerin analizi ile sona ermektedir.

References

  • Afzal, Amina. “India’s Growing Influence in Central Asia: Implications for Pakistan.” Strtegic Studies, vol. 23, no. 3, 2003, pp. 155-167.
  • Alam, Anwar. “India, Non-alignment and Emerging Global Governence.” India Quarterly, vol. 73, no. 3, 2017, pp. 273-291.
  • Aras, Bülent, and Micheal P. Croissant. Oil and Geopolitics in the Caspian Sea Region. Greenwood Publishing, 1999.
  • Aris, Stephen. The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation: ‘Tackling the Three Evils’. A Regional Response to Non-Traditional Security Challenges or an Anti-Western Bloc?” Europe-Asia Studies, vol. 61 no. 3, 2009, pp. 457-482.
  • Baladas, Ghoshal. India and China: Towards a Competitive-Cooperative Relationship? IPCS Issue Brief. Hawai: Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies, 2010.
  • Blank, Stephen. “Central Asia and The Transformation of Asia’s Strategic Geography.” The Journal of East Asian Affairs, vol. 17, no. 2, 2003, pp. 327-328.
  • Chiriyankandath, James. “Realigning India: Indian Foreing Policy After the Cold War.” The Round Table: The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs, vol. 93, no. 374, 2007, pp. 199-211.
  • Dahlman, Carl J. “China and India: Emerging Technological Powers.” Issues in Science and Technology, vol. 23, no. 3, 2007, pp. 45-53.
  • Devdutt. “Non-Alignment and India.” The Indian Journal of Political Science, vol. 23, no.1/4, 1962, pp. 380-397.
  • Harshe, Rajen. “India’s Non-Alignment: An Attempt at Conceptual Reconstruction.” Economic&Political Weekly, vol. 25, no. 7/8, 1990, pp. 399-405.
  • Hathaway, Robert M. “India Transformed: Parsing India’s New Foreign Policy.” India Review, vol. 2, no. 4, 2003, pp. 1-14.
  • Hussein, Rikar, and Asim Kashgarian. Analysts: Central Asian States Must Learn From IS-Linked Citizens. 17 June 2019. March 2022. <https://www.voanews.com/a/analysts-central-asian-states-must-learn-from-is-linkedcitizens/4963231.html>.
  • Joshi, Manoj. Playing a Losing Game. 1 February 2022. 5 March 2022. <https://www.orfonline.org/research/playing-a-losing-game/>.
  • Kulkarni, Sanket Sudhir. Wait and watch: The Most Optimal Strategy for SustainingIndo-Turkmen Energy Ties. 13 August 2019. 5 March 2022. <https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/wait-watch-most-optimal-strategy-sustainingindo-turkmen-energy-ties-54385/>.
  • Lemon, Edward, Vera Mironova, and William Tobey. Jihadists from Ex-Soviet Central Asia: Where Are They? Why Did They Radicalize? What Next? 07 December2018. February 2022. <https://www.russiamatters.org/analysis/jihadists-exsoviet- central-asia-where-are-they-why-did-they-radicalize-what-next>.
  • MEA, Government of India. “‘India-Kazakhstan Relation’, Ministry of External Affairs.” December 2018. Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India. March 2022. <https://mea.gov.in/Portal/ForeignRelation/december_2018.pdf>.
  • Menon, Rhea, and Sharanya Rajiv. Realizing India’s Strategic Interests in Central Asia. 1 December 2019. March 2022. <https://carnegieindia.org/2019/12/01/realizing-india-s-strategic-interests-in-central-asia-pub-80576>.
  • Mohan, Raja C. “India and Balance of Power.” Foreign Affairs, vol. 85, no. 4, 2006, pp. 17-32.
  • Motkin, Anatoly. Western Tech can Protect Central Asia from the Afghan Scenario. 18 December 2021. March 2022. <https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/western-tech-can-protect-central-asia-from-the-afghan-scenario/>.
  • Mullen, Rani D. “India in Afghanistan: Understanding Development Assistance by Emerging Donors to Conflict-Affected Countries.” Research Report. 2017.
  • Munir, Zeeshan and Raju Keshari. “Russia As A Factor In India–China Relations.” World Affairs: The Journal of International Issues, vol. 22, no. 2, 2018, pp. 94-105.
  • Nishtha, Kaushiki. “The New Great Game and India’s Connect Central Asia Poli – cy: Strategic Perspectives and Challenges.” Journal of International and Area Studies, vol. 20, no 2, 2013, pp. 83-100.
  • Norfolk, Daniel. “India’s Engagement with Afghanistan: Developing a ‘Durable Policy Architecture’.” Institute of South Asian Studies (ISAS) Working Paper 138, 2011.
  • Panwar, Mahendra. Make in India, Opportunities and Challenges. New delhi: Prajjwal Books, 2018.
  • Rowden, Rick. India’s Strategic Interests in Central Asia and Afghanistan Go Through Iran. 18 December 2020. March 2022. <https://newlinesinstitute.org/iran/indias-strategic-interests-in-central-asia-and-afghanistan-go-through-iran/>.
  • Roy, Oliver. The New Central Asia: The Creation of Nations. New York Univ. Press, 2000.
  • Samachar, Sainik. Indo-Kazakhstan Joint Exercise ‘Prabal Dostyk 2017’. 1 December 2017. March 2022. <https://carnegieindia.org/2019/12/01/realizing-indias-strategic-interests-in-central-asia-pub-80576>.
  • Sharma, Raghav. India & Afghanistan: Charting The Future. Special Report. New Delhi: Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies, 2009.
  • Singh, Anita Inder. “India’s Relations with Russia and Central Asia.” International Affairs, vol. 71, no. 1, 1995, pp. 69-81.
  • Srivastava, Monika. “India as an Emerging Power: A Report.” India Quarterly, vol. 62, no. 1, 2006, p. 59-79.
  • Warikoo, Kulbhushan. “Central Asia and South Asia: Opportunities and Challenges.” India Quarterly, vol. 72, no.1, 2016, pp. 1-15.
  • Zhu, Zhiqun. “China-India Relations in the 21 st Century: A Critical Inquiry.” Inian Journal of Asian Affairs, vol.24, np. 1/2, 2011, pp. 1-16.
There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ferhat Çağrı Aras 0000-0003-2108-1981

Ekber Kandemir

Publication Date April 27, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Issue: 105

Cite

APA Aras, F. Ç., & Kandemir, E. (2023). An Evaluation of India’s Central Asian Policy in the Context of Regional Interests. Bilig(105), 159-181. https://doi.org/10.12995/bilig.10507
AMA Aras FÇ, Kandemir E. An Evaluation of India’s Central Asian Policy in the Context of Regional Interests. Bilig. April 2023;(105):159-181. doi:10.12995/bilig.10507
Chicago Aras, Ferhat Çağrı, and Ekber Kandemir. “An Evaluation of India’s Central Asian Policy in the Context of Regional Interests”. Bilig, no. 105 (April 2023): 159-81. https://doi.org/10.12995/bilig.10507.
EndNote Aras FÇ, Kandemir E (April 1, 2023) An Evaluation of India’s Central Asian Policy in the Context of Regional Interests. Bilig 105 159–181.
IEEE F. Ç. Aras and E. Kandemir, “An Evaluation of India’s Central Asian Policy in the Context of Regional Interests”, Bilig, no. 105, pp. 159–181, April 2023, doi: 10.12995/bilig.10507.
ISNAD Aras, Ferhat Çağrı - Kandemir, Ekber. “An Evaluation of India’s Central Asian Policy in the Context of Regional Interests”. Bilig 105 (April 2023), 159-181. https://doi.org/10.12995/bilig.10507.
JAMA Aras FÇ, Kandemir E. An Evaluation of India’s Central Asian Policy in the Context of Regional Interests. Bilig. 2023;:159–181.
MLA Aras, Ferhat Çağrı and Ekber Kandemir. “An Evaluation of India’s Central Asian Policy in the Context of Regional Interests”. Bilig, no. 105, 2023, pp. 159-81, doi:10.12995/bilig.10507.
Vancouver Aras FÇ, Kandemir E. An Evaluation of India’s Central Asian Policy in the Context of Regional Interests. Bilig. 2023(105):159-81.

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