Knowledge and Applications of Women on Iodine Salt Use

Year 2020, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 49 - 59, 30.06.2020

Özgür Alparslan Rıza Çıtıl Gizem Çıtak

Abstract

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the knowledge and applications of women about iodized salt use. Materials-Methods: This cross-sectional study (01.10.2013-30.05.2014) was conducted by among women (N=476) who applied to Tokat State Hospital and accepted to participate in the study. After permissions, data were obtained by using a form prepared by the authors for this study. Results: The mean age of the women was 30.7±9.8 years. 92.4% were married and 89.5% were housewives. 42.6% were graduated from primary school, while 27.7% from high school and above. 33.2% of the participants had goiter. 3,2% of the women who had just given birth, babies were diagnosed with goiter. Educational status was found to correlate with getting information, knowing whether the salt was iodized or not, how they stored and what they paid attention to when buying salt (p<0.001), while did not make a difference in terms of where they stored and when they added the salt (p>0.05). Those with good income were found to have more information about iodized salt (p<0.05). Conclusion: It was determined that the participants had insufficient knowledge about the use of iodized salt and some of them made important usage faults leading to diminishment of the effectiveness of iodine.

Keywords

Salt, Iodized salt, Iodine deficiency, Information and applications

Supporting Institution

Çalışmayı destekleyen kuurum bulunmamaktadır.

Project Number

-

Thanks

Çalışmada verilerin toplanması sırasında katkı veren tüm katılımcılara teşekkür ederiz. Bu çalışma, 4. Uluslararası 5. Ulusal Ebelik Kongresi’nde (2019-Ankara), sözel bildiri olarak sunulmuştur.

Knowledge and Applications of Women on Iodine Salt Use

Abstract

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the knowledge and applications of women about iodized salt use.
Materials-Methods: This cross-sectional study (01.10.2013-30.05.2014) was conducted by among women (N=476) who applied to Tokat State Hospital and accepted to participate in the study. After permissions, data were obtained by using a form prepared by the authors for this study.
Results: The mean age of the women was 30.7±9.8 years. 92.4% were married and 89.5% were housewives. 42.6% were graduated from primary school, while 27.7% from high school and above. 33.2% of the participants had goiter. 3,2% of the women who had just given birth, babies were diagnosed with goiter. Educational status was found to correlate with getting information, knowing whether the salt was iodized or not, how they stored and what they paid attention to when buying salt (p<0.001), while did not make a difference in terms of where they stored and when they added the salt (p>0.05). Those with good income were found to have more information about iodized salt (p<0.05).
Conclusion: It was determined that the participants had insufficient knowledge about the use of iodized salt and some of them made important usage faults leading to diminishment of the effectiveness of iodine.

Keywords

Iodized salt, Salt, Iodine deficiency, Information and applications

Project Number

-

References

• Anderson, M., de Benoist, B., Darnton-Hill, I., & Delange, F. (2007). Iodine deficiency in Europe: a continuing public health problem. In World Health Organization. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1245-9
• Aslan, N., Kurku, H., & Pirgon, Ö. (2015). Isparta Province Isparta İli Okul Çağı Çocuklarında İdrar İyot Atılımı ve İyot Eksikliği Durumu. Journal of Clinical and Analytical Medicine, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.4328/JCAM.3845
• Bazezew, M.M., Yallew, W.W., & Belew, A.K. (2018). Knowledge and practice of iodized salt utilization among reproductive women in Addis Ababa City. BMC Res Notes, 11,734. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-018-3847-y
• Çetinkaya, K., Ingeç, M., Çetinkaya, S., & Kaplan, I. (2012). Iodine deficiency in pregnancy and in women of reproductive age in Erzurum, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences, 42(4), 675–680. https://doi.org/10.3906/sag-1101-1474
• de Benoist, B, Andersson, M., Takkouche, B., & Egli, I. (2003). Prevalence of iodine deficiency worldwide. The Lancet, 362, 1859–1860.
• de Benoist, Bruno, McLean, E., Andersson, M., & Rogers, L. (2008). Iodine Deficiency in 2007: Global Progress since 2003. Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 29(3), 195–202. https://doi.org/10.1177/156482650802900305
• Egri, M., Ercan, C., & Karaoglu, L. (2009). Iodine deficiency in pregnant women in eastern Turkey (Malatya Province): 7 Years after the introduction of mandatory table salt iodization. Public Health Nutrition, 12(6), 849–852. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980008003315
• Erdoǧan, M. F., Aǧbaht, K., Altunsu, T., Özbaş, S., Yücesan, F., Tezel, B., Sargin, C., Ilbeǧ, I., Artik, N., Köse, R., & Erdoǧan, G. (2009). Current iodine status in Turkey. Journal of Endocrinological Investigation, 32(7), 617–622. https://doi.org/10.3275/6379
• Idiz, C., & Yarman, S. (2015). Gebelik ve Laktasyon Döneminde İyodun Önemi. Bes Diy Derg, 43(3), 244–250.
• Karmakar, N., Datta, A., Nag, K., Datta, S. S., & Datta, S. (2019). Knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding household consumption of iodized salt among rural women of Tripura, India: A mixed-methods study. Journal of education and health promotion, 8, 21. https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_248_18
• Kasap, B., Akbaba, G., Yeniçeri, E. N., Akın, M. N., Akbaba, E., Öner, G., Turhan, N., & Duru, M. E. (2016). Adequate iodine levels in healthy pregnant women. A cross-sectional survey of dietary intake in Turkey. Saudi Medical Journal, 37(6), 698–702. https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2016.6.13887
• Köksal, E., & Pekcan, G. (2009). Gebe Kadınlar ile Yeni Doğanlarının İdrarla İyot Atım Durumlarının İlişkisi. Sted, 18(4), 66–71.
• Kurtoglu, S., Akcakus, M., Kocaoglu, C., Gunes, T., Budak, N., Atabek, M. E., Karakucuk, I., & Delange, F. (2004). Iodine status remains critical in mother and infant in Central Anatolia (Kayseri) of Turkey. European Journal of Nutrition, 43(5), 297–303. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-004-0474-2
• Kut, A., Gursoy, A., Şenbayram, S., Bayraktar, N., Budakoǧlu, I. I., & Akgün, H. S. (2010). Iodine intake is still inadequate among pregnant women eight years after mandatory iodination of salt in Turkey. Journal of Endocrinological Investigation, 33(7), 461–464. https://doi.org/10.3275/6767
• Li, M., & Eastman, C. J. (2012). The changing epidemiology of iodine deficiency. Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 8(7), 434–440. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrendo.2012.43
• Öncel, S., Akcan, A., Polat, H., & Koçoğlu, G. (2008). Antalya’da iki sağlık ocağı bölgesindeki kadınların iyotlu tuz kullanımı ile ilgili uygulamaları. TAF Prev Med Bull ,7 (4), 291-296.
• Öztürk, İ., & Garipağaoğlu, M. (2018). Salt Consumption and Health: Review. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Health Sciences, 3(1), 57–65. https://doi.org/10.5336/healthsci.2017-55160
• Pekcan, A. G. (2019). Türkiye’de yetersiz ve aşırı beslenmeye (açlık) bağlı sorunlar (K. Şahin (ed.)). http://www.tuba.gov.tr/files/yayinlar/raporlar/I Gıda ve Sağlıklı Beslenme Raporu-web.pdf
• Roy, R., Chaturvedi, M., Agrawal, D., & Ali, H. (2016). Household use of iodized salt in rural area. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 5(1), 77. https://doi.org/10.4103/2249-4863.184628
• TNSA. (2008). Türkiye Nüfus ve Sağlık Araştırması. In Erişim adresi: http://www.hips.hacettepe.edu.tr/tnsa2008/data/TNSA-2008_ana_Rapor-tr.pdf.
• Troid Çalışma Grubu. (2019). Tiroid Hastalıkları Tanı ve Tedavi Kılavuzu. http://temd.org.tr/admin/uploads/tbl_kilavuz/20190426165340-2019tbl_kilavuze72e4ddf38.pdf
• Uhlig, S., Groot, J., Jansen, E., & Scherder, E. (2019). Rap & Sing Music Therapy and sleep in adolescents: A single-blind cluster randomized controlled trial. Nordic Journal of Music Therapy, 28(1), 60–70. https://doi.org/10.1080/08098131.2018.1542613
• Uzun, S. U., Özdemir, C., & Zencir, M. (2016). Pamukkale Üniversitesi Öğrencilerinin Tuz Kullanımı ile İlgili Bilgi, Tutum ve Davranışları. Fırat Tıp Dergisi, 21(4), 187–194. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=120473071&amp%0Alang=es&site=ehost-live
• Vasudevan, S., Senthilvel, S., & Sureshbabu, J. (2019). Knowledge attitude and practice on iodine deficiency disorder and iodine level in salt in retail and vendors among the rural population in south India: A community based observational and descriptive study. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health, 7(3), 300–305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cegh.2018.10.002
• Wang, Z., Zang, J., Shi, Z., Zhu, Z., Song, J., Zou, S., Jin, W., Jia, X., Guo, C., & Liu, S. (2019). Iodine status of 8 to 10 years old children within 20 years following compulsory salt iodization policy in Shanghai, China. Nutrition Journal, 18(1), 63. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-019-0491-x
• Zimmermann, M. B. (2009). Iodine deficiency in pregnancy and the effects of maternal iodine supplementation on the offspring a review. Am J Clin Nutr, 89, 668–673. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.2008.26811C.1
• Zimmermann, M. B., & Andersson, M. (2012). Assessment of iodine nutrition in populations: Past, present, and future. Nutrition Reviews, 70(10), 553–570. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.2012.00528.x