Research Article

Analysis of landscape structure changes in Marmara Lake and its surrounding area using remote sensing data

Volume: 18 Number: 1 April 15, 2025
EN TR

Analysis of landscape structure changes in Marmara Lake and its surrounding area using remote sensing data

Abstract

This study investigates temporal changes in the landscape structure of Lake Marmara (Gölmarmara, Manisa, Türkiye), a designated bird sanctuary and registered wetland, over 10 years period using remote sensing techniques. The analysis employed the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) on satellite imagery from 2015 and 2024, processed through the ArcGIS/ArcMap software, to assess landscape metrics within the study area. The Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) was also utilized to evaluate the interactions between the water body, wetlands, and their surroundings. The findings were further supported by surface temperature analysis (STA) and comparative data. NDVI analysis revealed a 39.38% reduction in the Lake Marmara water body, an 11.09% decrease in forested areas, and an 8.28% decline in tree/shrub areas over 10 years. The dominant tree species in the forest vegetation was Pinus brutia, while other prevalent species included Quercus coccifera, Cistus creticus, Pistacia terebinthus, Pistacia lentiscus, Arbutus andrachne, Arbutus unedo, Olea europaea, Erica arborea, Phillyrea latifolia, and Sarcopoterium spinosum. Conversely, residential areas expanded by 21.21%, and agricultural areas increased by 4.11%. NDWI analysis indicated a 14.46% reduction in moderately dry areas and a 41.92% increase in dry areas. Furthermore, surface temperature data showed an increase over the 10 years. This study is expected to contribute significantly to the field by providing insights into sustainable land use and planning strategies. It offers a comprehensive perspective on wetland management and conservation of biological diversity by elucidating the temporal and spatial relationships between wetlands and their environment, considering both ecological and anthropogenic factors.

Keywords

References

  1. [1] Karaali, İ., Tanyaloğlu, E.E., Atak, B.K., Nurlu, E. (2020). Alan kullanım/arazi örtüsü değişiminin mekansal ve zamansal analizi, İzmir, Türkiye örneği. International Journal of Eastern Anatolia Science Engineering and Design, 2 (2), 308–324.
  2. [2] Crespo, A, Velázquez, J, Herráez, F., Gülçin, D., Özcan, A.U., Hernando, A., Castanho, R.A. (2023). Territorial planning of rustic land constructions and their adaptation to climate change in the province of Malaga Spain. Land Use Policy, 129, 106644, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2023.106644.
  3. [3] ülersoy, A.E. (2013). Marmara gölü yakın çevresindeki arazi kullanım faaliyetlerinin zamansal değişimi (1975-2011) ve göl ekosistemine etkileri. Türk Coğrafya Dergisi, 61, 31-44.
  4. [4] Kasimati, A., Psiroukis, V., Darra, N., Kalogrias, A., Kalivas, D., Taylor, J.A., Fountas, S. (2023). Investigation of the similarities between NDVI maps from different proximal and remote sensing platforms in explaining vineyard variability. Precision Agriculture, 24, 1220–1240.
  5. [5] Şimşek, F.F, Durduran, S.S. (2023). Land cover classification using land parcel identification system (lpıs) data and open source eo learn library. Geocarto International, 38(1), 1–18.
  6. [6] Eckert, S. (2015). Trend analysis of MODIS NDVI time series for detecting land degradation and regeneration in Mongolia. Journal of Arid Environments, 113, 16–28.
  7. [7] Sruthi, S., Mohammed Aslam, M.A. (2015). Agricultural drought analysis using the NDVI and land surface temparature data: a case study of Raichur district. Aquatic Procedia, 4, 1258–1264.
  8. [8] Tonyaloğlu, E.E., Atak, B.K., Yılmaz, T. (2020). Korunan alanlarda bütüncül yönetim: Büyük Menderes deltası ve bağlantılı sulak alan sistemi örneği. Turkish Journal of Forest Science, 4 (2), 282–301.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Ecology (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Early Pub Date

February 24, 2025

Publication Date

April 15, 2025

Submission Date

September 10, 2024

Acceptance Date

September 26, 2024

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 18 Number: 1

APA
Günbey, K., & Böcük, H. (2025). Analysis of landscape structure changes in Marmara Lake and its surrounding area using remote sensing data. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 18(1), 31-41. https://doi.org/10.46309/biodicon.2024.1548060
AMA
1.Günbey K, Böcük H. Analysis of landscape structure changes in Marmara Lake and its surrounding area using remote sensing data. BioDiCon. 2025;18(1):31-41. doi:10.46309/biodicon.2024.1548060
Chicago
Günbey, Kübra, and Harun Böcük. 2025. “Analysis of Landscape Structure Changes in Marmara Lake and Its Surrounding Area Using Remote Sensing Data”. Biological Diversity and Conservation 18 (1): 31-41. https://doi.org/10.46309/biodicon.2024.1548060.
EndNote
Günbey K, Böcük H (April 1, 2025) Analysis of landscape structure changes in Marmara Lake and its surrounding area using remote sensing data. Biological Diversity and Conservation 18 1 31–41.
IEEE
[1]K. Günbey and H. Böcük, “Analysis of landscape structure changes in Marmara Lake and its surrounding area using remote sensing data”, BioDiCon, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 31–41, Apr. 2025, doi: 10.46309/biodicon.2024.1548060.
ISNAD
Günbey, Kübra - Böcük, Harun. “Analysis of Landscape Structure Changes in Marmara Lake and Its Surrounding Area Using Remote Sensing Data”. Biological Diversity and Conservation 18/1 (April 1, 2025): 31-41. https://doi.org/10.46309/biodicon.2024.1548060.
JAMA
1.Günbey K, Böcük H. Analysis of landscape structure changes in Marmara Lake and its surrounding area using remote sensing data. BioDiCon. 2025;18:31–41.
MLA
Günbey, Kübra, and Harun Böcük. “Analysis of Landscape Structure Changes in Marmara Lake and Its Surrounding Area Using Remote Sensing Data”. Biological Diversity and Conservation, vol. 18, no. 1, Apr. 2025, pp. 31-41, doi:10.46309/biodicon.2024.1548060.
Vancouver
1.Kübra Günbey, Harun Böcük. Analysis of landscape structure changes in Marmara Lake and its surrounding area using remote sensing data. BioDiCon. 2025 Apr. 1;18(1):31-4. doi:10.46309/biodicon.2024.1548060

❖  Indexes
Additional Web of Science Indexes: Zoological Record, TR Dizin, Medical Reads (RRS), CrossRef;10.46309/biodicon.

❖  Libraries
Aberystwyth University; All libraries; Bath University; Birmingham University; Cardiff University; City University London; CONSER (Not UK Holdings); Edinburgh University; Essex University;Eskisehir Technical University Library, Exeter University; EZB Electronic Journals Library; Feng Chia University Library; GAZİ Gazi University Library; Glasgow University; HEC-National Digital Library; Hull University; Imperial College London; Kaohsiung Medical University Library; ANKOS; Anadolu University Library; Lancaster University; Libros PDF; Liverpool University; London Metropolitan University; London School of Economics and Political Science; Manchester University; National Cheng Kung University Library; National ILAN University Library; Nottingham University; Open University; Oxford University; Queen Mary, University of London; Robert Gordon University; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Sheffield Hallam University; Sheffield University; Shih Hsin University Library; Smithsonian Institution Libraries; Southampton University; Stirling University; Strathclyde University; Sussex University; The National Agricultural Library (NAL); The Ohio Library and Information NetWork; Trinity College Dublin; University of Washington Libraries; Vaughan Memorial Library; York University. 

❖ Articles published in the journal “Biological Diversity and Conservation” are freely accessible. No article processing charge (APC) is charged.

❖ Additional Web of Science Indexes: Zoological Record
❖ This journal is a member of CrossRef;10.46309/biodicon. 
❖ For published articles and full details about the journal, please visit http://www.biodicon.com; https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/yayin/biodicon. 


❖  Correspondence Address:: Prof. Ersin YÜCEL, Sazova Mahallesi, Ziraat Caddesi, No.277 F Blok, 26005 Tepebaşı-Eskişehir/Türkiye 
E-mail: biodicon@gmail.com; 
❖ Web Address: http://www.biodicon.com;  https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/biodicon 
❖ Biological Diversity and Conservation 
❖ ISSN 1308-5301 Print; ISSN 1308-8084 Online 
Publication Start Date 2008 
© Copyright by Biological Diversity and Conservation/Biyolojik Çeşitlilik ve Koruma;  Available online at www.biodicon.com. All rights reserved.
. ❖ Publisher: ERSİN YÜCEL (https://www.ersinyucel.com.tr) 
❖ This Journal is published four times a year. It is printed in Eskişehir, Türkiye. 
❖ The authors are solely responsible for the articles published in this Journal . 
Editör-in Chief  : Prof.Dr. Ersin YÜCEL, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8274-7578