Research Article

Rhopalocera Diversity in Ranga Reserve Forest, Lakhimpur, Assam: A Seasonal Perspective

Volume: 18 Number: 2 August 15, 2025
EN TR

Rhopalocera Diversity in Ranga Reserve Forest, Lakhimpur, Assam: A Seasonal Perspective

Abstract

Abstract A detailed study on butterfly diversity was conducted in the Ranga Reserve Forest, Assam, India, between March 2021 and June 2022. Over the course of the research, 225 species of butterflies, belonging to 131 genera and six different families, were recorded. The family Nymphalidae was the most abundant, with 92 species identified. To assess the influence of seasonal changes on butterfly populations, the study period was categorized into four distinct seasons: summer, monsoon, post-monsoon, and winter. Butterfly diversity showed notable seasonal fluctuations, with the highest number of species observed during the monsoon season and the lowest during winter. A sharp contrast in species count was particularly evident during the monsoon, with Nymphalidae contributing 88 species, while Riodinidae accounted for only 2 species. The conservation assessment revealed that two species are listed as Critically Endangered (CR), two as Endangered (EN), one as Vulnerable (VU), and six as Least Concern (LC) on the IUCN Red List. The conservation status of 200 species remains unassessed. Additionally, 42 species are protected under the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 (Amendment, 2022). The study emphasizes that the forest's rich diversity of butterflies can be attributed to the abundance of host and nectar plants throughout the year, making it a vital habitat for butterfly breeding. Keywords: Conservation, diversity, Lakhimpur, Rhopalocera, seasonal diversity ----------  ---------- Rhopalocera Çeşitliliği Ranga Rezerv Ormanı, Lakhimpur, Assam: Mevsimsel Bir Bakış Özet Mart 2021 ile Haziran 2022 arasında Assam, Hindistan’daki Ranga Koruma Ormanı’nda kelebek çeşitliliği üzerine kapsamlı bir çalışma yapılmıştır. Araştırma boyunca, 131 cinse ve altı farklı familyaya ait 225 kelebek türü kaydedilmiştir. Nymphalidae familyası, 92 tür ile en baskın grup olarak öne çıkmıştır. Mevsimsel değişikliklerin kelebek popülasyonları üzerindeki etkisini değerlendirmek amacıyla çalışma dönemi yaz, muson, muson sonrası ve kış olmak üzere dört mevsime ayrılmıştır. Kelebek çeşitliliğinde belirgin mevsimsel dalgalanmalar gözlemlenmiş olup, en yüksek tür sayısı muson döneminde, en düşük ise kış mevsiminde kaydedilmiştir. Özellikle muson döneminde, Nymphalidae familyasına ait 88 türe karşın Riodinidae familyasından yalnızca 2 türün varlığı dikkate değer bir fark yaratmıştır. Koruma değerlendirmesi, iki türün Kritik Tehlike Altında (CR), iki türün Tehlike Altında (EN), bir türün Hassas (VU) ve altı türün En Az Endişe Verici (LC) olarak IUCN Kırmızı Listesi’nde yer aldığını ortaya koymuştur. Kalan 200 türün koruma durumu henüz değerlendirilmemiştir. Ayrıca, 42 tür 1972 tarihli Hindistan Yaban Hayatı Koruma Yasası (2022 değişikliği) kapsamında koruma altındadır. Çalışma, ormanın zengin kelebek çeşitliliğinin yıl boyunca bol miktarda bulunan konakçı ve nektar bitkilerine bağlı olduğunu, bu durumun ormanın kelebekler için önemli bir üreme alanı olmasını sağladığını vurgulamaktadır. Anahtar kelimeler: Koruma, çeşitlilik, Lakhimpur, Rhopalocera, mevsimsel çeşitlilik

Keywords

Ethical Statement

This study was conducted in accordance with the standards of ethical research practices. All necessary permits and approvals were duly obtained from the relevant authorities for the conduct of fieldwork within Lakhimpur, Assam, India. Throughout the study, efforts were made to minimize disturbance to butterfly populations and their natural habitats. No live specimens were collected or removed from their natural habitats. Data were recorded through visual observation and photography, thereby ensuring that the integrity of the ecosystem remained undisturbed. The findings presented in this paper are intended to contribute to the understanding and conservation of butterfly diversity in Lakhimpur, Assam. They will be utilized solely for research and educational purposes, with the aim of promoting awareness and protection of biodiversity. The authors declare no conflicts of interest and received no specific funding for this research.

References

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  5. [5] Kunte, K. (1997). Seasonal patterns in butterfly abundance and species diversity in four tropical habitats in Northern Western Ghats. Journal of Bioscience, 22, 593–603.
  6. [6] Thapa, M. K., Saikia, M. K. & Saikia, P. K. (2023). Larval Hostplants’ Specificity of Butterflies in Garbhanga Reserve Forest (Proposed Wildlife Sanctuary) and Rani Reserve Forest, Kamrup, Assam, India. Asian Journal of Conservation Biology, 12(1), 134-142.
  7. [7] Saikia, J. & Saikia, S. (2020). Forest Cover Changes Detection in Ranga, Kakoi, and Dulung Reserve Forest in the Lakhimpur District of Assam, India. Journal of Social Science, 48(4), 1665–1672.
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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Invertebrate Biology

Journal Section

Research Article

Early Pub Date

May 21, 2025

Publication Date

August 15, 2025

Submission Date

October 30, 2024

Acceptance Date

January 10, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 18 Number: 2

APA
Thapa, M. K., Dutta, S., Das, H. J., Pradhan, T. K., Mahanta, D., Tossa, S., Kalita, R., Sharma, K., & Sheikh, T. (2025). Rhopalocera Diversity in Ranga Reserve Forest, Lakhimpur, Assam: A Seasonal Perspective. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 18(2), 157-172. https://doi.org/10.46309/biodicon.2025.1573885
AMA
1.Thapa MK, Dutta S, Das HJ, et al. Rhopalocera Diversity in Ranga Reserve Forest, Lakhimpur, Assam: A Seasonal Perspective. BioDiCon. 2025;18(2):157-172. doi:10.46309/biodicon.2025.1573885
Chicago
Thapa, Monısh Kumar, Sourav Dutta, Hirak Jyoti Das, et al. 2025. “Rhopalocera Diversity in Ranga Reserve Forest, Lakhimpur, Assam: A Seasonal Perspective”. Biological Diversity and Conservation 18 (2): 157-72. https://doi.org/10.46309/biodicon.2025.1573885.
EndNote
Thapa MK, Dutta S, Das HJ, Pradhan TK, Mahanta D, Tossa S, Kalita R, Sharma K, Sheikh T (August 1, 2025) Rhopalocera Diversity in Ranga Reserve Forest, Lakhimpur, Assam: A Seasonal Perspective. Biological Diversity and Conservation 18 2 157–172.
IEEE
[1]M. K. Thapa et al., “Rhopalocera Diversity in Ranga Reserve Forest, Lakhimpur, Assam: A Seasonal Perspective”, BioDiCon, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 157–172, Aug. 2025, doi: 10.46309/biodicon.2025.1573885.
ISNAD
Thapa, Monısh Kumar - Dutta, Sourav - Das, Hirak Jyoti - Pradhan, Tilak Kumar - Mahanta, Debajit - Tossa, Sujal - Kalita, Ritu - Sharma, Kamal - Sheikh, Taslima. “Rhopalocera Diversity in Ranga Reserve Forest, Lakhimpur, Assam: A Seasonal Perspective”. Biological Diversity and Conservation 18/2 (August 1, 2025): 157-172. https://doi.org/10.46309/biodicon.2025.1573885.
JAMA
1.Thapa MK, Dutta S, Das HJ, Pradhan TK, Mahanta D, Tossa S, Kalita R, Sharma K, Sheikh T. Rhopalocera Diversity in Ranga Reserve Forest, Lakhimpur, Assam: A Seasonal Perspective. BioDiCon. 2025;18:157–172.
MLA
Thapa, Monısh Kumar, et al. “Rhopalocera Diversity in Ranga Reserve Forest, Lakhimpur, Assam: A Seasonal Perspective”. Biological Diversity and Conservation, vol. 18, no. 2, Aug. 2025, pp. 157-72, doi:10.46309/biodicon.2025.1573885.
Vancouver
1.Monısh Kumar Thapa, Sourav Dutta, Hirak Jyoti Das, Tilak Kumar Pradhan, Debajit Mahanta, Sujal Tossa, Ritu Kalita, Kamal Sharma, Taslima Sheikh. Rhopalocera Diversity in Ranga Reserve Forest, Lakhimpur, Assam: A Seasonal Perspective. BioDiCon. 2025 Aug. 1;18(2):157-72. doi:10.46309/biodicon.2025.1573885

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❖ Biological Diversity and Conservation 
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