Screening of antimicrobial, cytotoxic effects and phenolic compounds of the moss Dicranum scoparium.

Abstract

Bryophytes belong to the group of the oldest known land plants, which includes liverworts, hornworts, and mosses. Recent research shows that mosses contain remarkable and unique substances with high biological activity.This study describes phenolic compounds, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of Dicranum scoparium Hedw. collected from Sundiken Mountains, Eskisehir. Total phenols contents of the extracts were determined by FolinCiocalteu assay and their amount ranged from 81.90 0.10 to 105.21± 0.10 mg/g of gallic acid equivalents. The highest total phenolic content were obtained from the ethyl acetate extract extract C . Phenolic acids in the extracts acquired by using different polarity solvents were separated by reverse-phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography, which enabled advanced separation by the use of a C18 column, an acidic mobile phase, and gradient elusion. Also, the most phenolic acid content was measured in the ethyl acetate extract. The results revealed that all extracts were active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis. Acetone extract and extract C had a potential against 4 tested bacteria. Extract A demonstrated inhibition against 3 bacteria and 3 fungi. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of the most effective extracts ranged from 11.7-187.5 µg/mL for the bacterial strains. Furthermore, methanol, B and C extracts at 0.17, 1.7, 17, 85 and 170 µg/mL concentrations were tested on rat glioma C6 cells. Although none of the above methanol doses affected in 24 hours, 85 and 170 µg/mL slightly decreased C6 viability in 48 hours. Extract B at doses of 17, 85 and 170 µg/mL decreased C6 survival dose dependently in 24 and 48 hours. Only 170 µg/mL extract C reduced the survival ratio in 24 hours, but in 48 hours 0.17, 1.7, 17, 85 and 170 µg/mL concentrations inhibited cell viability. The present study suggests the possibility that D. scoparium may possess antimicrobial and anticancer molecule s

Keywords

• Dicranum scoparium,moss,phenolics,antifungal,antibacterial,cytotoxicity

Dicranum scoparium’ nın fenolik bileşikleri ile antimikrobiyal ve sitotoksik etkilerinin taranması

Abstract

Bryofitler, ciğer otları, boynuz otları ve yapraklı kara yosunları olmak üzere karada yaşayan en eski bitki türlerindendir. Son zamanlarda yapılan araştırmalar kara yosunlarının sıra dışı ve eşsiz maddeler içerdiğini ve yüksek oranda biyolojik aktivitede bulunduklarını ortaya koymuştur. Bu araştırma, Eskişehir Sündiken Dağlarından toplanan Dicranum scoparium Hedw. ’un fenolik bileşenleri ile antimikrobiyal ve sitotoksik özelliklerini ortaya koyma amacıyla yapılmıştır. Ekstraktların toplam fenol içeriği Folin-Ciocalteu’ nun yaptığı çalışma temel alınarak belirlenmiş ve yapılan analizler sonucunda ekstraktların gallik asit eşdeğerleri 81,90±0,10 ile 105,21±0,10 mg/g arasında bulunmuştur. En yüksek toplam fenolik asit içeriği etil asetat ekstraktından ekstrakt C elde edilmiştir. Farklı polaritelere sahip çözücüler kullanılarak yapılan fenolik asit toplama işlemi, asidik mobil faz olan C18 kolonunun kullanımı ve dereceli elüsyon ile ayrım yapılmasını mümkün kılan ters fazlı Yüksek Performanslı Sıvı Kromatografisi ile yürütülmüştür. Bu işlem sonrasında yine en yüksek fenolik asit içeriği etil asetat ekstraktından elde edilmiştir. Antimikrobiyal analiz sonuçlarına göre tüm ekstraktların Pseudomonas aeruginosa ile Bacillus subtilis’ e karşı aktif olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, aseton ekstratı ile ekstrakt C’ nin test edilen 4 bakteriye karşı etkisinin olduğu gözlenmiştir. Ekstrakt A, 3 bakteri ve 3 mantar türüne karşı inhibisyon özelliği sergilemiştir. En etkili ekstraktların minimum inhibitör konsantrasyonları bakteriler için 11,7-187,5 µg/mL olarak ölçülmüştür. Ayrıca sıçan glioma hücreleri C6 üzerinde 0,17, 1,7, 17, 85 ve 170 µg/mL’lik konsantrasyonlara sahip metanol, B ve C ekstraktları test edilmiştir. Yirmi dört saat süre ile denenen metanol ekstraktının hücrelerde herhangi bir sitotoksik etki göstermemesine rağmen, 85 ve 170 µg/mL’ lik konsantrasyonların 48 saat de C6 canlılığını hafif derecede azalttığı gözlenmiştir. 17, 85 ve 170 µg/mL’lik B ekstraktları ise, glioma hücre canlılığını doz ve zamana bağlı olarak azaltmıştır. Ekstrakt C ise 24 saatte yalnızca 170 µg/mL’lik dozunda hücre canlılığı üzerinde etki gösterirken, 48 saat saatte denenen tüm dozlarda sitotoksik etki göstermiştir. Yapılan bu çalışma D. scoparium’ un antimikrobiyal ve antikanser moleküllere sahip olabileceğini göstermiştir

Keywords

• Dicranum scoparium,karayosunu,fenolikler,antifungal,antibakteriyal,sitotoksisite

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