Investigation of the antifungal activity of some epiphytic and terricolous lichen extracts

Abstract

Antifungal activity of two terricolous Cetraria aculeata, Cladonia foliacea and four epiphytic Parmelia sulcata, Pseudevernia furfuracea var. furfuracea, Ramalina farinacea and Tornabea scutellifera lichens were investigated by using acetone, methanol and chloroform extracts against five fungal pathogens: Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus parasiticus, Fusarium moniliforme, Fusarium solani and Alternaria brassicicola. The microbroth dilution method was used for minimal inhibitory concentration MIC values of the lichen extracts. The MIC values of the lichen extracts were determined ranging from 156.25 to1250 μg/ml for tested fungi. Generally, all of the lichen extracts showed the strong antifungal activity. F. moniliforme and A. brassicicola were the most sensitive fungal species against the lichen extracts, whereas A. fumigatus was the most tolerant pathogenic fungus

Keywords

• antifungal activity,lichen extracts,pathogenic fungi

Bazı epifitik ve terrikol liken ekstraktlarının antifungal aktivitesinin araştırılması

Abstract

İki terrikol Cetraria aculeata, Cladonia foliacea ve dört epifitik Parmelia sulcata, Pseudevernia furfuracea var. furfuracea, Ramalina farinacea ve Tornabea scutellifera likenin aseton, metanol ve kloroform ekstraktlarının Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus parasiticus, Fusarium moniliforme, Fusarium solani ve Alternaria brassicicola fungal patojenlerine karşı antifungal aktivitesi incelenmiştir. Liken ekstraktlarının minimum inhibisyon konsantrasyonu MİK değerlerinin belirlenmesinde mikrobroth dilüsyon yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Liken ekstraktlarının MİK değerlerinin, test edilen funguslar için 156.25 ila 1250 µg/ml aralığında değiştiği belirlenmiştir. Genel olarak, liken ekstraktlarının tamamı güçlü antifungal aktivite göstermiştir. F. moniliforme ve A. brassicicola liken ekstraktlarına karşı en duyarlı fungal türler olarak belirlenirken, A. fumigatus en dirençli patojen fungus olarak bulunmuştur

Keywords

• antifungal aktivite,liken ekstraktları,patojenik funguslar

References

1. Aslan, A., Güllüce, M., Sökmen, M., Adigüzel, A., Sahin, F., Özkan, H. (2006). Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the lichens Cladonia foliacea, Dermatocarporn miniatum, Evernia divaricata, Evernia prunastri and Neofuscelia pulla. Pharmaceutical Biology, 44, 247-252.
2. Bilgin Sökmen, B. Kınalıoğlu, K., Aydın, S. (2018). Evaluation of antifungal potentials and antioxidant capacities of some foliose lichen species. Süleyman Demirel University Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences, 22, 148-152.
3. Candan, M., Yılmaz, M., Tay, T., Erdem, M., Özdemir Türk, A. (2007). Antimicrobial activity of extracts of the lichen Parmelia sulcata and its salazinic acid constituent. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C, 62, 619-621.
4. CLSI (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute). (2008). Reference Method for Broth Dilution Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Filamentous Fungi; Approved Standard. CLSI document M38-A2. Clin Lab Stand Inst (2nd ed.).
5. Goel, M., Dureja, P., Rani, A., Uniyal, P.L., Laatsch, H. (2011). Isolation, characterization and antifungal activity of major constituents of the Himalayan lichen Parmelia reticulate Tayl. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 59, 2299-2307.
6. Güllüce, M., Aslan, A., Sokmen, M., Sahin, F., Adigüzel, A., Agar, G., Sokmen, A. (2006). Screening the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the lichens Parmelia saxatilis, Platismatia glauca, Ramalina pollinaria, Ramalina polymorpha and Umbilicaria nylanderiana. Phytomedicine 13, 515-521.
7. Halama, P., Van Haluwin, C. (2004). Antifungal activity of lichen extracts and lichenic acids. BioControl, 49, 95-107.
8. Karabulut, G., Ozturk, S. (2015). Antifungal activity of Evernia prunastri, Parmelia sulcata, Pseudevernia furfuracea var. furfuracea. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 47, 1575-1579.

9. Kosanić, M., Manojlović, N., Janković, S., Stanojković, T. Ranković, B. (2013). Evernia prunastri and Pseudoevernia furfuraceae lichens and their major metabolites as antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer agents. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 53, 112-118.
10. Kosanić, M., Ranković, B. (2011). Antibacterial and antifungal activity of different lichens extracts and lichen acid. Research Journal of Biotechnology, 6, 23-26.
11. Mitrović, T., Stamenković, S., Cvetković, V., Tošić, S., Stanković, M., Radojević, I., Stefanović, O., Čomić, L., Dačić, D., Ćurčić, M., Marković, S. (2011). Antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiproliferative activities of five lichen species. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 12, 5428-5448.
12. Ranković, B., Mišić, M., Sukdolak, S. (2007). Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of the lichens Lasallia pustulata, Parmelia sulcata, Umbilicaria crustulosa and Umbilicaria cylindrica. Microbiology, 76, 723-727.
13. Smith, C.W., Aptroot, A., Coppins, B.J., Fletcher, A., Gilbert, O.L., James, P.W., Wolseley, P.A. (2009). The Lichens of Great Britain and Ireland. 2nd ed. London: The British Lichen Society.
14. Song, P.P., Zhao, J., Liu, Z.L., Duan, Y.B., Hou, Y.P., Zhao, C.Q., Wu, M., Wei, M., Wang, N.H., Lv, Y., Han, Z.J. (2017). Evaluation of antifungal activities and structure-activity relationships of coumarin derivatives. Pest Management Science, 73, 94-101.
15. Türk, H., Yılmaz, M., Tay, T., Özdemir Türk, A., Kıvanç, M. (2006). Antimicrobial activity of extracts of chemical races of the Lichen Pseudevernia furfuracea and their physodic acid, chloroatranorin, atranorin, and olivetoric acid constituents. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C, 61, 499-507.
16. Winn, W.C., Allen, S.D., Janda, W.M., Koneman, E.W., Procop, G.W., Schreckenberger, P.C., Woods, G.L. (2006). Koneman’s Color Atlas and Textbook of Diagnostic Microbiology, 6th ed. Baltimore and Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
17. Wirth, V., Hauck, M., Schultz, M. (2013). Die Flechten Deutschlands. Stuttgart: Ulmer.
18. Xu, M., Heidmarsson, S., Olafsdottir, E.S., Buonfiglio, R., Kogej, T., Omarsdottir, S. (2016). Secondary metabolites from cetrarioid lichens: Chemotaxonomy, biological activities and pharmaceutical potential. Phytomedicine, 23, 441-459.
19. Yılmaz Cankılıç, M., Yılmaz Sarıözlü, N., Candan, M., Tay, T. (2017). Screening of antibacterial, antituberculosis and antifungal effects of lichen usnea florida and ıts thamnolic acid constituents. Biomedical Research, 28, 3108-3113.