LC-MS/MS and GC-MS analyses of three endemic Astragalus species from Anatolia towards their total phenolic-flavonoid contents and biological activities

Abstract

Present work aims to determine the chemical profile and some biological activity of three endemic Astragalus species from Anatolia. The chemical contents of Astragalus leporinus var. hirsutus, Astragalus distinctissimus and Astragalus schizopterus were characterised by LC-MS/MS and GC-MS. In terms of biological activity; the antioxidant, anticholinesterase, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities were determined. Additionally, the antioxidant properties of the major components were also determined and compared to the antioxidant capacities of these extracts. The most abundant flavonoids in these Astragalus species were determined as rutin 1028.276-13351.76 µg/g extract and hesperidin 1604.348-9695.435 µg/g extract . A high amount of quinic acid 111302.774 µg/g extract was detected in A. schizopterus methanol extract. Palmitic acid C16:0 was found to be the major compound in A. leporinus var. hirsutus 32.9% , A. distinctissimus 32.5% , and A.schizopterus 23.4% . A. schizopterus methanol extract exhibited the highest antioxidant effect in lipid peroxidation 19.62±0.29 , DPPH free 54.61±0.38 and ABTS cation radicals scavenging activity 22.01±0.07 , and CUPRAC assays. Among all of the extracts, only A. leporinus var. hirsutus petroleum ether extract showed moderate inhibitory activity against acetyl- and butyryl-cholinesterase enzymes. The methanol extracts of the plants exhibited moderate activity against C. albicans. A. leporinus var. hirsutus methanol extract indicated the most viability against L929 fibroblast cells, and the highest cytotoxic effect against A549 cells. In consideration of our findings , these Astragalus species used as animal feed could be a source of naturally, biologically active agents that can be used in food and pharmaceutical industry

Keywords

• Astragalus,LC-MS/MS,antioxidant,anticholinesterase,antimicrobial

Anadolu'daki üç endemik Astragalus türünün toplam fenolik-flavonoid içerikleri ve biyolojik aktivitelerine yönelik LC-MS / MS ve GC-MS analizler

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, Anadolu’da yetişen üç endemik Astragalus türünün kimyasal içeriği ile bazı biyolojik aktivitelerinin belirlenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Astragalus leporinus var. hirsutus, Astragalus distinctissimus ve Astragalus schizopterus türlerinin kimyasal içeriği LC-MS/MS ve GC-MS ile karakterize edilmiştir. Biyolojik aktivite açısından; ekstrelerin antioksidan, antikolinesteraz, antimikrobiyal ve sitotoksik aktiviteleri tespit edilmiştir. Ek olarak, ekstrelerin ana bileşenlerinin de antioksidan özellikleri belirlenerek elde edilen sonuçlar ekstrelerin antioksidan kapasiteleri ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Çalışılan Astragalus türlerinde en bol bulunan flavonoidin rutin 1028,276-13351,76 µg/g ekstre ve hesperidin 1604,348-9695,435 µg/g ekstre olduğu, ayrıca A. schizopterus metanol ekstresinde de yüksek miktarda kuinik asit 111302,774 µg/g ekstre bulunduğu belirlenmiştir. Palmitik asitin C16:0 , A. leporinus var. hirsutus %32,9 , A. distinctissimus %32,5 ve A.schizopterus %23,4 ’da başlıca bileşik olduğu saptanmıştır. A. schizopterus metanol ekstresi lipit peroksidasyon 19,62±0,29 , DPPH serbest radikal 54,61±0,38 , ABTS katyon radikali süpürücü aktivitesi 22,01±0,07 , ve CUPRAC yönteminde en yüksek aktiviteyi göstermiştir. Çalışılan tüm ekstrelerden sadece A. leporinus var. hirsutus petrol eteri ekstresi orta derecede asetil- ve bütiril- kolinesteraz enzim inhibisyonu sergilemiştir.. Bitkilerin metanol ekstreleri C. albicans’a karşı orta derecede antimikrobiyal aktivite ortaya koymuşlardır. A. leporinus var. hirsutus metanol ekstresi, L929 fibroblast hücrelerine karşı en fazla canlılığı ve A549 hücrelerine karşı en yüksek sitotoksik etkiyi göstermiştir. Çalışmdan elde ettiğimiz bulgular ışığında, hayvan yemi olarak kullanılan bu Astragalus türleri, gıda ve ilaç endüstrisinde kullanılabilen doğal, biyolojik olarak aktif maddeler kaynağı olabilir.

Keywords

• Astragalus,LC-MS/MS,antioksidan,antikolinesteraz,antimikrobiyal

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