Mycorrhizal diversity in some species of Dactylorhiza genus Orchidaceae

Abstract

The research was designed to identify the mycorrhizal fungi of four of eleven species of Dactylorhiza in Turkey. To isolate and identify of mycorrhizal fungi of Dactylorhiza euxina var euxina, D. osmanica var. osmanica endemic , D. romana subsp. romana and D. urvilleana, the roots of them were collected from three habitats of Black sea region. In additon to, to determine the relationship between color polymorphysim flowers of D. romana subsp. romana and mycorrhizal diversity, the isolations were done from the roots of the pink and yellow flowering individuals of D. romana subsp. romana separately. The isolates were characterized via morphological and molecular methods. For molecular identification, the fungal DNA were extracted from purified fungal culture and fungal ITS regions were PCR amplified using the primer pairs ITS1 and ITS4 and sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the majority of Dactylorhiza mycorrhizal fungi are Tulasnellaceae and Ceratobasidiaceae belonging to Basidiomycota. Interestingly, Verpa conica verpa, a member of Morchellaceae, in individual pink flowering plants of D. romana subsp. romana was also found. Tulasnella bifrons were shared by plants of D.euxina var. euxina, D. osmanica var. osmanica and D. urvilleana. Fungal partners of Dactylorhiza species in wet meadows belong to Tulasnellaceae, those of under Quercus scrubs and on the wet forest margins are Ceratobasidiaceae, Morchellaceae and Tulasnellaceae, respectively. These results may indicate that fungal partner s of orchids may vary depending on habitat

Keywords

• Orchidaceae,Dactylorhiza,fungal diversity,mycorrhiza

Dactylorhiza cinsine Orchidaceae dahil bazı türlerin mikorizal çeşitliliği

Abstract

Bu araştırma, Türkiye’deki onbir Dactylorhiza türünden dördünün mikorizal çeşitliliğini belirlemek için yapılmıştır. Dactylorhiza euxina var euxina, D. osmanica var. osmanica endemic , D. romana subsp. romana ve D. urvilleana türlerinin mikorizal funguslarını izole etmek ve tanımlamak için, bu türlerin kökleri Karadeniz Bölgesinde üç farklı habitatdan toplanmıştır. Buna ilave olarak, D. romana subsp. romana’nın çiçeklerindeki renk polimorfizmi ve fungal çeşitlilik arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemek için sarı ve pembe çiçekli bireylerin köklerinden ayrı ayrı izolasyonlar yapılmıştır. İzolatlar morfolojik ve moleküler yöntemlerle tanımlanmıştır. Moleküler tanımlama için, saf fungus kültüründen DNA ekstrakte edildi ve fungal ITS bölgeleri, ITS1 ve ITS 4 primer zincirleri kullanılarak PCR ile çoğaltılıp sekansları yapılmıştır. Filogenetik analizler, Dactylorhiza türlerinin mikorizal funguslarının çoğunluğunun Basidiomycota’ya ait Tulasnellaceae ve Ceratobasidiaceae familyalarından olduğunu ortaya koydu. İlginç olarak, D. romana subsp. romana’nın pembe çiçekli bireylerinin köklerinde Morchellaceae familyasına ait Verpa conica verpa bulundu. Tulasnella bifrons, D.euxina var. euxina, D. osmanica var. osmanica ve D. urvilleana türlerinin köklerinde ortak olarak bulunmuştur. Bu araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre, nemli çayırlardaki Dactylorhiza türlerinin fungal partnerlerinin Tulasnella’ya, meşe ormanı altındaki ve nemli orman kenarlarındakilerin Ceratobasidiaceae, Morchellaceae ve Tulasnellaceae ‘ye ait oldukları belirlendi. Bu sonuçlar, orkidelerin fungal partnerlerinin habitata bağlı olarak değişebileceğini işaret etmektedir

Keywords

• Orchidaceae,Dactylorhiza,fungus çeşitliliği,mikoriza

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