Seasonal differences in the muscle fatty acid profiles of two freshwater fish species Scardinius erythrophthalmus, Squalius cephalus

Abstract

Fatty acid compositions of the muscle lipids and its seasonal variations in Scardinius erythrophthalmus rudd and Squalius cephalus chub in Sapanca and Terkos Lake, were examined using a gas chromatographic method. Palmitic acid is saturated fatty acid and the other dominant fatty acid is stearic acid in both species. SFA contents in rudd were between 26.79% and 41.54% in all seasons. Oleic acid C18:1 ω9 was identified as the main monounsaturated fatty acid MUFA in both fishes for four seasons. It was found that chub had a high amount of C18:1 15.09% to 28.56 % in all seasons compared to rudd. It was noticed from the present data that docosahexaenoic acid DHA 22:6ω3 was predominant PUFA in muscle lipids of rudd. According to these data, it can be concluded that both freshwater fishes are a good sources for eicosapentaenoic acid EPA and DHA

Keywords

• muscle,fatty acid,seasonal changes,fish

İki tatlısu balık türünün Scardinius erythrophthalmus, Squalius cephalus kas yağ asidi bileşiminde mevsimsel farklılıklar

Abstract

Sapanca ve Terkos göllerinde bulunan Scardinius erythrophthalmus kızılkanat ve Squalius cephalus kefal ’un kas lipidlerinin yağ asit kompozisyonu ve mevsimsel değişimleri gaz kromatoğrafik yöntemle incelenmiştir. Palmitik asit doymuş yağ asitidir ve diğer dominant yağ asidi her iki türde de stearik asitdir. Kızılkanattaki doymuş yağ asidi içeriği bütün mevsimlerde %26.79 ile % 41.54 arasındadır. Oleik asit C18:1 ω9 her iki balık türünde, bütün mevsimlerde primer doymamış yağ asidi olarak bulunmuştur. Kefalde, oleik asit C18:1 %15.09-%28.56 kızılkanata nazaran bütün mevsimlerde yüksek miktara sahiptir. Kızılkanat kas lipitlerinde dokosahexaenoik asit DHA 22:6ω3 dominant aşırı doymamış yağ asidi olarak tespit edilmiştir. Bu verilere göre her iki tatlı su balığının DHA ve eikosapentaenoik asit EPA yönünden iyi bir kaynak olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır

Keywords

• kas dokusu,yağ asidi,mevsimsel değişiklik,balık

References

1. Ackman, R.G. (1989). Nutritional composition of fats in seafoods. Progress in Food and Nutrition Science, 13, 161-241.
2. Ackman, R.G. (2002). Freshwater fish lipids-an overlooked source of beneficial long-chain n-3 fatty acids. European Journal of Lipid Science Technology, 104, 253-254.
3. Ackman, R.G., Eaton, C.A., Linke, B.A. (1975). Differentiation of freshwater characteristics of fatty acids in marine specimens of the Atlantic sturgeon (Acipencer oxyrhynchus). Fish Bulletin, 73, 838-845.
4. Alasalvar, C., Taylor, K.D.A., Zubcov, E., Shahidi, F., Alexis, M. (2002). Differentiation of cultured and wild sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax): Total lipid content, fatty acid and trace mineral composition. Food Chemistry, 79(2), 145-150.
5. Andrade, A.D., Rubira, A.F., Matsushia, M., Souza, N.E. (1995). Omega3 fatty acids in freshwater fish from South Brazil. Journal of Oil and Fat Endustries, 72(10), 1207-1210.
6. Birch, E.E., Garfield, D., Hoffman, D.R., Uauy, R., Birch, D.G. (2000). A randomized controlled trial of early dietary supply of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and mental development in term infants. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 42(3), 174-181.
7. Bowman, W.C., Rand, M.J. (1980). Textbook of Pharmacology (2nd ed.). Oxford, UK:Blackwell.
8. Broughton, K.S., Johnson, C.S., Pace, B.K., Liebman, M., Kleppinger, K.M. (1997). Reduced asthma symptoms with n-3 fatty acid ingestion are related to 5-series leukotriene production. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 65:1011–1017.

9. Bulut, S. (2010). The variation of the fatty acid composition in muscle tissue of Carassius gibelio living in Seyitler Dam Lake (Afyonkarahisar). Electronic Journal of Food Technologies, 5, 69-75.
10. Bulut, S., Mert, R. (2014). Determination of the fatty acid composition in muscle tissue of Squalius cephalus (L., 1758) living Serban Dam Lake (Afyonkarahisar). Erciyes University Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, 30(2):80-85.
11. Cakmak, Y.S., Zengin, G., Guler, G.O., Aktumsek, A., Ozparlak, H. (2012). Fatty acid composition and ω3/ω6 ratios of muscle lipids of six fish species in Sugla Lake, Turkey. Archives of Biological Sciences, 64(2),471-477.
12. Celik, M., Diler, A., Kucukgulmez, A. (2005). A comparison of the proximate compositions and fatty acid profiles of zander (Sander lucioperca) from two different regions and climatic conditions. Food Chemistry, 92, 637-641.
13. Childs, M.T., King, I.B., Knopp, R.H. (1990). Divergent lipoprotein responses to fish oils with various ratios of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids. Animal Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 52, 632-639.
14. Citil, O.B., Kalyoncu, L., Kahraman, O. (2014). Fatty acid composition of the muscle lipids of five fish species in Isikli and Karacaören Dam Lake, Turkey. Veterinary Medicine International, Volume 2014, Article ID 936091, 5 pages.
15. Czesny, S., Kolkovski, S., Dabrowski, K., Culver, D. (1999). Growth, survival and quality of juvenile walleye Stizostedion vitreum as influenced by n-3 HUFA enriched Artemia nauplii. Aquaculture, 178, 103-115.
16. Donmez, M. (2009). Determination of fatty acid compositions and cholesterol level of some freshwater fish living in Porsuk Dam, Turkey. Chemistry of Natural Compounds, 45, 14-17.
17. Folch, J., Lees, M., Sloane Stanley, G.H.(1957). A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 226, 497-509.
18. Gorgun, S., Akpınar, N., Zengin, G., Akpinar, M.A., Gunlu, A., Guler, G.O., Aktumsek, A. (2013). Determination of fatty acid profiles of total, neutral, and polar lipids in different tissues of Vimba vimba (L.,1758) from Eğirdir Lake (Isparta, Turkey). Turkish Journal Zoology, 37, 627-634.
19. Guler, G.O., Kiztanir, B., Aktumsek, A., Citil, O.B., Ozparlak, H. (2008). Determination of the seasonal changes on total fatty acid composition and ω3/ ω6 ratios of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) muscle lipids in Beysehir Lake (Turkey). Food Chemistry, 108, 689-694.
20. Henderson, R.J., Tocher, D.R.(1987). The lipid composition and biochemistry of freshwater fish. Progress in Lipid Research, 20, 281-346.
21. Inhamuns, A.J., Franco, M.R.B. (2008). EPA and DHA quantification in two species of freshwater fish from Central Amazonia. Food Chemistry, 107, 587-591.
22. Innis, S.M. (1991). Essential fatty acids in growth and development. Progress in Lipid Research, 30, 39-103.
23. Jensen, C.L. (2006). Effects of n-3 fatty acids during pregnancy and lactation. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 83, 1452-1477.
24. Kalyoncu, L., Kissal, S., Aktumsek, A. (2009). Seasonal changes in the total fatty acid composition of Vimba, Vimba vimba tenella (Nordmann, 1840) in Eğirdir Lake, Turkey. Food Chemistry, 116, 728-730.
25. Kalyoncu, L., Yaman, Y., Aktumsek, A. (2010a). Seasonal changes on total fatty acid composition of carp (Cyprinus carpio) L. in Ivriz Dam Lake, Turkey. African Journal of Biotechnology, 9(25), 3896-3900.
26. Kalyoncu, L., Yaman, Y., Aktumsek, A. (2010b). Determination of the seasonal changes on total fatty acid composition of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss in Ivriz Dam Lake, Turkey. African Journal of Biotechnology, 9(30), 4783-4787.
27. Leaf, A., Weber, P.C. (1988). Cardiovascular effects of n-3 fatty acids. New England Journal of Medicine, 318, 549–555.
28. Lovell, R.T. (1991). Nutrition of aquaculture species. Journal of Animal Science, 69(10), 4193-4200.
29. Moss, C.W., Lambert, M.A., Merwin, W.H. (1974). Comparison of rapid methods for analysis of bacterial fatty acids. Applied Microbiology, 28, 80-85.
30. Ozparlak, H. (2013). Effect of seasons on fatty acid composition and n-3/n-6 ratios of muscle lipids of some fish species in Apa Dam Lake, Turkey. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 45(4), 1027-1033.
31. Özogul, Y., Özogul, F. (2007). Fatty acid profiles of commercially important fish species from Mediterranean, Aegean and Black Seas. Food Chemistry, 100, 1634-1638.
32. Ozogul, Y., Ozogul, F., Alagoz, S. (2007). Fatty acid profiles and fat contents of commercially important seawater and freshwater fish species of Turkey: A comparative study. Food Chemistry, 103(1), 217-223.
33. Polak-Juszczak, L. Komar-Szymczak, K. (2009). Fatty acid profiles and fat contents of commercially important fish from Vistula Lagoon. Polish Journal of Food Nutrition Sciences, 59,3, 225-229.
34. Sargent, J.R., Bell, J.G., Bell, M.V., Henderson, R.J., Tocher, D.R. (1995). Requirements criteria for essential fatty acids. Journal Applied Ichthyology, 11, 183-198.
35. Sheridan, M.A. (1988). Lipid Dynamics in fish: Aspects of absorption, transportation, deposition and mobilization. Comparative Biochemistry Physiology, 90B:679-690.
36. Simopoulos, A.P. (1991). Omega-3 fatty acids in health and disease and in growth and development. American Journal Clinical Nutrition, 54, 463-483.
37. Steffens, W. (1997). Effects of variation in essential fatty acids in fish feeds on nutritive value of freshwater fish for humans. Aquaculture, 151, 97-119.
38. Valfre, F., Caprino, F., Turchini, G.M. (2003). The health benefit of seafood. Veterinary Research Communications, 27, 507- 512.