Some Toxic Effects of Ammonium Sulfate Fertilizer to Rana macrocnemis Tadpoles From Rize Black Sea Region , Turkey

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the toxic effects of ammonium sulfate in Rana macrocnemis tadpoles. So, the animals were exposed to six different concentrations of ammonium sulfate 50, 75, 100, 150, 250 and 500 mg/L for 96 hours. We detected morphological and behavioral changes during acute test. Increased concentration of ammonium sulfate-induced scoliosis was observed in the exposed animals. Besides, there was a loss of pigmentation and the movements of the tadpoles decreased with the increasing ammonium sulfate concentrations. In addition to that, we found out statistical differences between control and treatment groups in terms of final body length and weight. Despite increasing concentrations of ammonium sulfate caused increased mortality, there wereno significant differences among treatments groups 50, 75, 100, 150, 250 and 500 mg/L according to Kaplan-Meier survival test. Our results demonstrate that acute exposure to ammonium sulfate causes dose-related morphological and behavioral damage to Rana macrocnemis tadpoles in short periods of time

Keywords

• Rana macrocnemis,acute toxicology,fertilizer,morphological changes,behavioral changes

Amonyum sülfat gübresinin Rize Karadeniz Bölgesi , Türkiye’den Rana macrocnemis larvaları üzerindeki bazı toksik etkiler

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Rana macrocnemis larvaları üzerinde amonyum sülfatın toksik etkilerini araştırmaktır. Böylece, hayvanlar 96 saat boyunca altı farklı amonyum sülfat konsantrasyonuna 50, 75, 100, 150, 250 ve 500 mg /L maruz bırakıldı. Bu akut test sırasında morfolojik ve davranışsal değişiklikler tespit ettik. Maruz kalan hayvanlarda artan amonyum sülfat konsantrasyonuna bağlı olarak omurga eğriliği gözlemlendi. Ayrıca artan amonyum sülfat konsantrasyonları ile larvalarda pigmentasyon kaybı vardı ve hareketleri azaldı. Buna ek olarak, kontrol ve amonyum sülfat uygulanan gruplar arasındaki nihai vücut uzunluğu ve ağırlığı açısından istatistiksel farklılıklar bulduk. Artan amonyum sülfat konsantrasyonu ile ölümlerin artmasına rağmen, Kaplan-Meier sağkalım testine göre amonyum sülfat uygulanan gruplar arasında anlamlı farklılık bulunmamıştır. Sonuçlarımız, amonyum sülfata akut maruz bırakılan Rana macrocnemis larvalarında kısa sürede, doza bağlı morfolojik ve davranışsal hasara neden olduğunu göstermektedir

Keywords

• Rana macrocnemis,akut toksikoloji,gübre,morfolojik değişimler,davranışsal değişimler

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