Biochemical and physiological responses of metal toxicity in some barley and wheat varieties from Central Anatolia

Abstract

The factors like increased traffic load due to population denstity, environmental pollution, industrial activities and improper practices of agricultural applications could be counted as a source of heavy metal accumulation in air, water and soil. The effects of heavy metals which accumulated in soils continue for a long period of time as a result of food chain between organisms and considered as a serious threat to human health. With this study, toxic effects of heavy metals on germination, roots and shoots lengths, water, protein, glutathione GSH contents and glutathione Stransferase GST activities of barley Hordeum vulgare cv. Ince 04 and wheat Triticum aestivum cv. Yunus varieties were investigated through different concentrations of single lead chloride PbCl2 and cadmium chloride CdCl2 0, 1.5 and 3.0 mM and combined PbCl2 + CdCl2 1.5 + 1.5 and 3.0 + 3.0 mM applications. In conclusion, it was shown that biochemical and physiological mechanisms were affected differently with varying concentrations of heavy metals and Ince 04 barley were found to be more tolerant to heavy metal stress by comparing to Yunus wheat . For more tolerant variety Ince 04 , the observed values as follows after 3.0 mM PbCl2 + CdCl2 treatment; 80% decrease in germination, 75 and 65% decrease of lengths in roots and shoots, 73 and 65 % decrease of water contents in roots and shoots, 134 and 40% increase of GSH contents in roots and shoots, 15 and 50 % increase of protein contents in roots and shoots and 70 and 39 % increase of GST activities in roots and shoots

Keywords

• barley,germination,GST,heavy metals Cd,Pb,wheat

Orta Anadolu’ya ait bazı arpa ve buğday varyetelerinin metal toksitesine verdiği biyokimyasal ve fizyolojik tepkiler

Abstract

Nüfus yoğunluğu nedeniyle artan trafik yükü, çevresel kirlenme, endüstriyel aktiviteler ve yanlış tarım uygulamaları gibi faktörler, hava, su ve topraktaki ağır metal birikiminin kaynağı olarak sayılabilir. Toprakta biriken ağır metallerin etkileri, organizmalar arasındaki besin zinciri etkisi ile daha uzun süreli olmakta ve bu durum insan sağlığı için ciddi bir tehlike olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, hem tekli kurşun klorid PbCl2 ve kadmiyum klorid CdCl2 0, 1.5 ve 3.0 mM ve hem de kombine PbCl+CdCl2 1.5 + 1.5 ve 3.0 + 3.0 mM uygulamaları ile ağır metallerin arpa Hordeum vulgare cv. Ince 04 ve buğday Triticum aestivum cv. Yunus varyetelerindeki çimlenme, kök ve yaprak uzunluğu, su, protein ve glutatyon GSH miktarları ile glutatyon S-transferaz GST aktiviteleri üzerindeki toksik etkileri araştırılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, farklı ağır metal konsantrasyonlarının biyokimyasal ve fizyolojik mekanizmaları farklı şekillerde etkilediği ve Ince 04 arpa çeşidinin ağır metal stresine Yunus buğday çeşidine nazaran daha toleranslı olduğu bulunmuştur. Daha toleranslı olan çeşit Ince 04 için, 3.0 mM PbCl2 +CdCl2uygulaması sonrasında gözlenen değerler; çimlenmede % 80 oranında azalma, kök ve yaprak uzunluklarında %75 ve 65 oranlarında azalma, su miktarlarında kökler ve yapraklarda %73 ve 65 oranlarında azalma, GSH miktarlarında kökler ve yapraklarda %134 ve 40 oranlarında artma, protein miktarlarında kökler ve yapraklarda %15 ve 50 oranlarında artma ile GST aktivitelerinde kökler ve yapraklarda %70 ve 39 oranlarında artma şeklindedir

Keywords

• arpa,çimlenme,GST,ağır metaller Cd,Pb,buğday

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