Effect of incremental dose of phosphorous and sulphur upon yield and protein content of wheat

Abstract

In the current era of bombing population of the world staple food is the requirement; however, in the advanced countries yield is though a prime objective but quality is also a dire need. Studying the effect of different levels of Phosphorous and Sulphur on grain yield and protein content of wheat, a randomized complete block design with split plot arrangements were conducted at New Developmental Farm NDF of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Agricultural University, Peshawar, Pakistan, during Rabi 2010-11 following four replications. Phosphorus 0, 30, 60 and 90 kg ha-1 was used as main plot and Sulphur 0, 10, 20 and 30 kg ha-1 as subplot factor. A subplot size of 1.8×4 m having six rows, 30 cm apart and 4 m long was used. Wheat cultivated variety Saleem-2000 was sown at the rate of 120 kg ha-1. Half of the N fertilizer was applied as basal dose in the form of urea and the remaining half was applied with first irrigation after three weeks of sowing. Ammonium Sulphate was used as source of Sulphur S and single super phosphate SSP as a source of Phosphorous P . Data were recorded on various quantitative and quality parameters of which yield was of prime importance. Spikes m-2 increased with increase in Phosphorous application rate. Grains spike-1increased to 48 with increased Phosphorous level 90 kg ha-1 . Thousand grain weight, grain and biological yield of wheat increased significantly with increase in both “P” and “S” levels, however, the interaction of P×S showed no significant effect on them. Higher 1000-grains weight 46.2 g , grain yield 4263 kg ha-1 and biological yield 8334 kg ha-1 were obtained at “P” treatment of 90 kg ha-1 as compared to 42.6 g, 3329 kg ha-1 and 7303 kg ha-1, respectively, in plots where “P” was not applied. Similarly higher 1000-grain weight 44.78 g , grain yield 4070 kg ha-1 and biological yield 8075 kg ha-1 were recorded at 30 kg ha-1 “S” as compared with 43.98 g, 3624 kg ha-1 and 7544 kg ha-1, respectively, in plots where “S” was not applied. Similarly, protein content increased to 9.9% by increasing the level of “S” to 30 kg ha-1 as compared with 9.2% in plots where “S” was not applied. It was concluded that “P” and “S” affected grain and biological yield significantly and thus “P” and “S” at the rates of 90 and 30 kg ha-1, respectively, are recommended for higher yield in wheat. This study revealed that the current findings might be applicable to wheat crop around the world for enhancing yield and protein quality

Keywords

• Wheat, Triticum aestivum, Phosphorus, Sulphur, Protein.

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