Effect of incremental dose of phosphorous and sulphur upon yield and protein content of wheat

Year 2012, Volume: 5 Issue: 3 , 76 - 81 , 15.12.2012

https://izlik.org/JA77TF76WG

Abstract

In the current era of bombing population of the world staple food is the requirement; however, in the advanced countries yield is though a prime objective but quality is also a dire need. Studying the effect of different levels of Phosphorous and Sulphur on grain yield and protein content of wheat, a randomized complete block design with split plot arrangements were conducted at New Developmental Farm NDF of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Agricultural University, Peshawar, Pakistan, during Rabi 2010-11 following four replications. Phosphorus 0, 30, 60 and 90 kg ha-1 was used as main plot and Sulphur 0, 10, 20 and 30 kg ha-1 as subplot factor. A subplot size of 1.8×4 m having six rows, 30 cm apart and 4 m long was used. Wheat cultivated variety Saleem-2000 was sown at the rate of 120 kg ha-1. Half of the N fertilizer was applied as basal dose in the form of urea and the remaining half was applied with first irrigation after three weeks of sowing. Ammonium Sulphate was used as source of Sulphur S and single super phosphate SSP as a source of Phosphorous P . Data were recorded on various quantitative and quality parameters of which yield was of prime importance. Spikes m-2 increased with increase in Phosphorous application rate. Grains spike-1increased to 48 with increased Phosphorous level 90 kg ha-1 . Thousand grain weight, grain and biological yield of wheat increased significantly with increase in both “P” and “S” levels, however, the interaction of P×S showed no significant effect on them. Higher 1000-grains weight 46.2 g , grain yield 4263 kg ha-1 and biological yield 8334 kg ha-1 were obtained at “P” treatment of 90 kg ha-1 as compared to 42.6 g, 3329 kg ha-1 and 7303 kg ha-1, respectively, in plots where “P” was not applied. Similarly higher 1000-grain weight 44.78 g , grain yield 4070 kg ha-1 and biological yield 8075 kg ha-1 were recorded at 30 kg ha-1 “S” as compared with 43.98 g, 3624 kg ha-1 and 7544 kg ha-1, respectively, in plots where “S” was not applied. Similarly, protein content increased to 9.9% by increasing the level of “S” to 30 kg ha-1 as compared with 9.2% in plots where “S” was not applied. It was concluded that “P” and “S” affected grain and biological yield significantly and thus “P” and “S” at the rates of 90 and 30 kg ha-1, respectively, are recommended for higher yield in wheat. This study revealed that the current findings might be applicable to wheat crop around the world for enhancing yield and protein quality

Keywords

Wheat , Triticum aestivum , Phosphorus , Sulphur , Protein.

References

• Abbas, M., Irshad A., Ali, M.A., 2000. Response of three wheat cultivars varying application of N and P. Int. J. Agric. Biol. 2/3: 237–238.
• Ahmad, N., Rashid, M., 2004. Fertilizer and their use in Pakistan. Planning Commission, Govt. of Pakistan.
• Alam, S.M., Shah, S.A., Latif, A., Iqbal, Z., 2002. Performance of some wheat varieties to fertigation applied Phosphorus sources. Pak. J. soil Sci. 11/2: 123–125.
• Azimzadeh, M. Koocheki, A., 1999. Effects of different seeding rates and amount of Phosphorus fertilizer on yield and yield components of dry land wheat in northern Khorasan. Aric. Sci. Technol. 13/2: 131–139.
• Covacevich, F., Echeverria, H.E., Aguirrezabal, L.A.N., 2007. Soil available phosphorus status determines indigenous mycorrhizal colonization into field and glasshouse-grown spring wheat in Argentina. Appl. Soil Ecol. 35, 1-9.
• Gill, M., Rahmatullah, A., Salim, M., 1994. Growth Responses of Twelve Wheat Cultivars and their Phosphorus Utilization from Rock Phosphate. J. Agron. Crop Sci. 173, 204–209.
• Hussain, Z., Leitch, M.H., 2005. The effect of applied S on the growth, grain yield and control of powdery mildew in spring wheat. Annals Appl. Biol. 147/1:, 49-56.
• Iqbal, N.B.K., Maqbool, A., Shohab, A.A., 2005. Use of the ARIMA Model for Forecasting Wheat Area and Production in Pak. J. Agric. Social Sci. 1/2: 120-122.
• Jarvan, M., Edesi, L., Adamson, A., Lukme, L., Akk, A., 2008. The effect of sulphur fertilization on yield, quality of protein and baking properties of winter wheat. Agron. Res. 6/2: 459–469.
• McGrath, S.P., and Zhao, F.J., 1996. Sulphur uptake, yield responses and the interactions between nitrogen and sulphur in winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus). The Journal of Agricultural Science, 126, 53-62.
• MINFAL. 2010. Agric. Stat. of Pakistan. Govt. of Pakistan. Min. of Food, Agric. & Live stock., Economic Wing, Islamabad. Pp. 45–46.
• Nazim, H., Khan, M.B., Ahmad, R., 2008. Influence of phosphorus application and Sowing Time on performance of wheat in calcareous soils. Int. J. Agric. Biol. 10/4: 399–404.
• Nisar, A., Saleem, M.T., Twyford, I.T., 1992. Phosphorus research in Pakistan – a review. In: Proceeding of symposium “On the role of phosphorus in crop production” NFDC, Islamabad, 59-92.
• Pervez, K., Imtiaz, M., Aslam, M., Shah, S.K.H., Memon, M.Y., Siddiqui, S.H., 2008. Effect of different nitrogen and phosphorus rates on the performance of wheat cultivar Khirman. Sarhad J. Agric. 24/2: 233–239.
• Podlesna, A., Cacak-Pietrzak, G., 2006. Formation of the spring wheat yield as well as its milling and baking parameters by nitrogen and S fertilization. J. Plant Physiol. 142, 381-392.
• Qahar, A., Khan, Z.H., Anwar, S., Badshah, H., Ullah, H., 2010. Nitrogen use efficiency, yield and other characteristics of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrids as affected by different levels of nitrogen. BioDicon., 3/3: 121-125.
• Shahzada, M. M., Muhammad, A., Muhammad, S., Mudassar, H., Farhan, H., 2007. Wheat response to applied Phosphorus in light textured soil. J. Biological Sci. 7/8: 1535-1538.
• Siaudinis, G., Lazauskas, S., 2005. The effect of nitrogen and S fertilization on tiller formation and grain yield of spring wheat. International Scientific Conference, Univ. of Agriculture, Jelgava, 15-18.
• Steel, R.G.D., Torrie, J.H., Dicke, D.A., 1997. Principles and procedures of statistics. A biometrical approach 3rd edition. The McGraw-Hill Co., Inc, NY. USA.
• Sweeney, D.W., Granade, G.V., Eversmeyer, M.G., Whitney, D.A., 2000. Phosphorus, potassium, chloride, and fungicide effects on wheat yield and leaf rust severity. J. Plant Nutrition, 23/9: 1267-1281.
• Twyford, I.T., 1994. Fertilizer use and crop yields In: Proc. 4th Nat Cong Soil Sci, Islamabad, pp. 47-71.
• Ullah, H., Khalil, I.H., Iltafullah, Rahman, H.U., Amin, I., 2011a. Genotype×Environment Interaction, Heritability and Selection Response for yield contributing traits in Mungbean. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 10/4: 475-483.
• Ullah, H., Khalil, I.H., Khalil, I.A., Khattak, G.S.S., 2011b. Performance of Mungbean Genotypes Evaluated in Multi- Environmental Trials Using the GGE Biplot Method. Atlas J. Biotechnol. 1/1: 1-8.
• Ullah, H., Khalil1, I.H., Iltafullah, Badshah, H., Shahwar, D., Lightfoot, D.A., 2011c. Location effect on heritability estimates of yield traits in mungbean derived from F2 populations. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 10/83: 19309-19317.
• Westermann, D.T., 1975. Indices of S deficiency in alfalfa. II. Plant analysis. Agron. J. 67, 265–268.