Palynological studies of Gazania longiscapa DC. Arctoteae–Compositae from Pakistan

Abstract

Gazania longiscapa DC. Aretoteae – Compositae is perennial scapigerous herb. Pollen grain is radially symmetrical, isopolar, trizono-colporate, lacunate to non-lacunate and echinate. Outline is circular to semi-angular in polar view and circular to spheroidal in equatorial view. Colpi long and broad. Spines are broad at the base and abruptly narrow at the tip. Palynological characters such as equatorial and polar diameter, exine thickness, spine length, number of spine rows between colpi are taxonomically important. The presence of lacunate to non-lacunate pollen is a distinguishing feature of apertural diversity. Pollen data of Gazania longioscapa closely relates with Pluchea lanciolata

References

1. Akhter, T. 1981. The Compositae of Rawalpindi District (A Taxonomic Study). Unpublished M.Phil Thesis Quaid-i- Azam University, Islamabad.
2. Bashir, S. and Khan, M.A.2003. Pollen morphology as an aid to the identification of Medicinal plants: Trianthema portuolacastrum L., Boeshaavia procumbens Bank ex Roxb. and Alternanthera pungens Kunth, J. Hamdard Medicos, XLVI: 7-10
3. Blackmore, S. 1984. The Northwest European Pollen flora, 32. Lactuceae Rev. Palaeobot. Palyno. 42:45 – 85.
4. Bremer, K. 1994. Asteraceae. Cladistics & Classification. Timber Press. Portland (Oregan). P.752.
5. Clark, W.D., Brown, G.K. and Mays, R.A. 1980. Pollen morphology of Haplopappus and related genera (Compositae – Astereae). Amer. J. Bot., 67(9): 1391 – 1393.
6. Clapham, A.R., Tutin, T.G. and Warburg, E.F. 1962. Flora of the British Isles, IIEd. Cambridge University Press.
7. Diez, M.J., Mejias J.A. & Moreno – Socias E. 1999. Pollen morphology of Sonchus and related genera, and a general discussion. Pl. Syst. Evol. 214: 91 – 102.
8. Dutta, A.C. 1974. Botany for Degree students. Calcutta, Oxford University Press Delhi, Bombay, Madras.

9. Edeoga, H.O. and Gomina, A. 2001. Nutritional values of some non-conventional leafy vegetables of Nigera. J. Econ. Tax. Bot., 20: 7 - 15.
10. El. Ghazaly, G. 1980. Palynology of Hypochoeridinae and Scolyminae (Compositae). Opera Bot. 58: 1-48.
11. Erdtman, G. 1952. Pollen morphology and plant taxonomy – Angiosperm (an introduction to Palynology Vol.1). Almgvist and Wiksell. Stockholm.
12. Erdtman, G. 1954. An introduction to pollen analysis. Stockholm: Almqvist and Wiksell.
13. Erdtman, G. 1966. Pollen morphology and plant taxonomy. Angiospherms. New York.
14. Erdtman, G. 1969. Handbook of Palynology. Morphology – Taxonomy – Ecology. Munksgaard. Ghafoor, A. 2002. Asteraceae – Anthemideae in Flora of Pakistan (edit. Ali, S.I. and Qaiser, M. No. 207. Jointly Published by Department of Botany, Univ. of Karachi and Missouri Botanical Press, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.A.
15. Hamilton, A.C. 1982. Environmental History of East Africa. Academic, London.
16. Heywood, V.H. 1978. Flowering Plants of the World. Oxford University Press, Oxford, London, Melbourne.
17. Huang, T.1972. Pollen Flora of Taiwan, Botany Department National Taiwan Univ. Press.
18. Hyde, H.A. and William, D.A. 1945. “Palynology” Nature: 155 – 265, London.
19. Jaffery, C. 1962. Note on cucurbitaceae, including a proposed new classification of the family. Kew Bull. 15: 337 – 371.
20. Mbagwu, E.G., Ghime, E.G. and Unamba, C.I.N. 2008. Polynological studies of five species of Asteraceac. J. Plant Sciences 3 (1): 126 – 129.
21. Mbagwu, F.N. and Edeoga, H.O. 2006. Palynological studies on some Nigerian species of Vigna savi. J. Biol. Sci., 6: 1122 – 1125.
22. Meo, A.A., Hafiz, H.M.I., Baig, F. and Baig, N.A. 1988b. Pollen morphology and systematic relationships among Graminaceous (Poaceae) species. J. Pure and Applied Sci., 7(2): 15 – 20.
23. Meo, A.A. 2005. Palynological studies of selected genera of the tribes of Asteraceae from Pakistan. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Deptt. of Bio., Q.A.Uni., Islamabad.
24. Punt, W., Blackmore, S., Nilsson, S. and le Thomas, A. 1994. Glossary of Pollen and Spore terminology. – LPP foundation, Utrecht, LPP contribution series No.1.
25. Nyananyo, B.L., 1985. Pollen Morphology in Talineae (Portulaceae) Sensu Meneill. Biol. Afr., 2:41 – 46.
26. Sachdeva, S.A. and Malik, C.P. 1986. Experimental plant taxonomy. Kalyani Publications, New Delhi. Sowunmi, M.A. 1995. Pollen of Nigerian Plants II Woody species. Grana 34: 120 – 141.
27. Tomsovic, P. 1997. Some palynological observations on the genus Echinops (Asteraceae) and their taxonomic implications. Preslia Praha, 69: 31 – 33.
28. Wagner, I.O., Wodehouse, R.P. and Walter, D.R. 1990. Pollen grains, their structure, identification and significance in Science and Medicine. McGraw Hills. New York. Wodehouse, R.P. 1935. Pollen grains. McGraw Hill, New York.