The effects of lead Pb pollution caused by vehicles on the pollen germination and pollen tube growth of apricot Prunus armeniaca cv. Şekerpare

Abstract

In this study, the effects of lead pollution caused by vehicles on the pollens of apricot trees along a ten km highway between Isparta city center and Süleyman Demirel University were investigated. Lead pollution decreased the pollen length, pollen width, pollen germination percentage and pollen tube growth in comparison with the pollens of control group. In addition, the mentioned pollution caused a variation on the pollen types

Keywords

• Apricot, Pollution, Heavy Metal, Lead, Pollen

Taşıtların sebep olduğu kurşun Pb kirliliğinin kayısı Prunus armeniaca cv. Şekerpare ’da polen çimlenmesi ve polen tüpü gelişimi üzerine etkileri

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, Isparta ili şehir merkezi ile Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi arasındaki 10 km’lik yol boyunca sıralanan kayısı ağaçlarının polenleri üzerine taşıtların sebep olduğu kurşun kirliliğinin etkileri araştırılmıştır. Kurşun kirliliği, kontrol grubu polenleri ile karşılaştırıldığında polen boyu, polen eni, polen çimlenme yüzdesi ve polen tüp büyümesini azaltmıştır. Dahası, söz konusu kirlilik polen şekillerinde de değişime sebep olmuştur

Keywords

• Kayısı,Kirlilik,Ağır Metal,Kurşun,Polen

References

1. Albert, L.A., Badilla, F. 1991. Environmental lead in Mexica. Review Environment Contamination and Toxicology. 117.
2. Aslan, A., Budak, G., Karabulut, A. 2005. The amounts Fe, Ba, Sr, K, Ca and Ti in some lichens growing in Erzurum province (Turkey). Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer. 88/4. 423-431.
3. Aydemir, O., İnce, F. 1988. Bitki besleme. Dicle Üniversitesi, Eğitim Fakültesi Yayınları No: 2.
4. Azmat, R., Haider, S., Askari, S. 2006. Effect of Pb on germination, growth, morphology and histomorphology of Phaseolus mungo and Lens culinaris. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences. 9/5. 979-984.
5. Brewbaker, J.L., Kwack, B.H. 1963. The essential role of calcium ion in pollen germination and pollen tube growth. American Journal of Botany. 50/9. 859-865.
6. Chaney, W.R., Strickland, R.C. 1984. Relative toxicity of heavy metals to red pine pollen germination and germ tube elongation. Journal of Environmental Quality. 13/3. 391-394.
7. Corn, M. 1993. Handbook of hazardous materials. Academic Press, San Diego.
8. Çavuşoğlu, K., Çavuşoğlu, K. 2005. Cupressus sempervirens L. ve Cedrus libani A. Rich. yapraklarında taşıtların sebep olduğu kurşun (Pb) kirliliğinin araştırılması. BAÜ Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi. 7/2. 37-56.

9. Çavuşoğlu, K., Kalyoncu, H., Çavuşoğlu, K., Çavuşoğlu, D. 2005. Çam (Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe) yapraklarında egzoz gazlarından kaynaklanan kurşun (Pb) birikiminin tespiti. SDÜ Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi. 9/2. 6-10.
10. Eichhorn, G.L., Butzow, J.J., Shin, Y.A. 1985. Some effects of metal ions on DNA structure and genetic information transfer. Journal of Biosciences. 8/3-4. 527-535.
11. Friberg, L., Nordberg, G.F., Vouk, V. 1986. Handbook on the toxicology of metals. Oxford Press, New York.
12. Gür, N., Topdemir, A. 2005. Effects of heavy metals (Cd++, Cu++, Pb++, Hg++) on pollen germination and tube growth of quince (Cydonia oblonga M.) and plum (Prunus domestica L.). Fresenius Environmental Bulletin. 14/1. 36-39.
13. Gür, N., Topdemir, A. 2008. Effects of some heavy metals on in vitro pollen germination and tube growth of apricot (Armenica vulgaris Lam.) and cherry (Cerasus avium L.). World Applied Sciences Journal. 4/2. 195-198.
14. Harrison, R.M., Laxen, D.P.H., Wilson, S.J. 1981. Chemical association of lead, cadmium, copper and zinc in street dust and roadside soils. Environmental Science Technology. 15/11. 1378-1383.
15. Holub, Z., Ostrolucka, G. 1984. The effect of cadmium (II) and lead (II) on pollen germination and pollen tube growth in Quercus cerris, Pinus nigra and Picea abies. Biologia. 38. 393-400.
16. Karademir, M., Toker, M.C. 1995. Ankara’nın bazı kavşaklarında yetişen çim ve bitkilerde egzoz gazlarından gelen kurşun birikimi. II. Ulusal Ekoloji ve Çevre Kongresi, Ankara. 699-711.
17. Kennedy, C.D., Gonsalves,F.A.N. 1989. The action of divalen Zn, Cd, Hg, Cu and Pb ions on the ATPase activity of a plasma membrane fraction isolated from roots of Zea mays. Plant and Soil. 117/2. 167-175.
18. Kıran, Y., Munzuroğlu, Ö. 2004. Mercimek (Lens culinaris medik.) tohumlarının çimlenmesi ve fide büyümesi üzerine kurşunun etkileri. F.Ü. Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. 16/1. 1-9.
19. Kıran, Y., Şahin, A. 2005. The effects of the lead on the seed germination, root growth and root tip cell mitotic divisions of lens culinaris medik. Gazi University Journal of Science. 18/1. 17-25.
20. Kopittke, P.M., Asher, C.J., Blamey, F.P.C., Menzies, N.W. 2007. Toxic effects of Pb2+ on the growth and mineral nutrition of signal grass (Brachiaria decumbens) and Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana). Plant and Soil. 300/1-2. 127- 136.
21. Krishnayya, N.S.R., Bedi, S.J. 1986. Effect of automobile lead pollution on Cassia tora L. and Cassia occidentalis L. Environmental Pollution. 40/3. 221-226.
22. Larcher, W. 1995. Physiological plant ecology. Third Edition, Springer Verlag.
23. Munzuroğlu, Ö., Gür, N. 2000. Ağır metallerin elma (Malus sylvestris Miller cv. Golden)’da polen çimlenmesi ve polen tüpü gelişimi üzerine etkileri. Turkish Journal of Biology. 24/3. 677-684.
24. Navazio, L., Sponga, L., Dainese, P., Fitchette-Laine, A.C., Faye, L., Baldan, B. 1998. The calcium binding protein calciticulin in pollen of Liriodendron tulipifera L. Plant Science. 31/1. 35–42.
25. Nwosu, J.U., Harding, A.K., Linder, G. 1995. Cadmium and lead uptake by edible crops grown in a silt loam soil. Bulletin of Environmental Contmination and Toxicology. 54/44. 570-578.
26. Onar, A.N., Temizer, A. 1987. Çevre kirliliğine etkisinin ölçüsü olarak Cd ve Pb derişimlerinin idrarda tayini. Doğa Mühendislik ve Çevre Dergisi. 11/2. 254-267.
27. Parys, E., Romanowska, E., Siedlecka, M., Poskuta, J. 1998. The effect of lead on photosynthesis and respiration in detached leaves and in mesophyll protoplasts of Pisum sativum. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum. 20/3. 313-322.
28. Polovic, N., Circovic Velickovic, T., Gavrovic Janulovic, M., Burazer, L., Dergovic Petrovic, D., Vuckovic, O. 2004. Ig G bonding of mugwort pollen allergens and allergoids exposed to simulated gastrointestinal conditions measured by a self developed ELISA test. Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society. 69/7. 533–540.
29. Purves, D., Mackenzie, E.J. 1969. Trace element contamination of parklands in urban areas. Journal of Soil Science. 20. 288-290.
30. Rolfe, G.L., Bazzaz, F.A. 1975. Effect of lead contamination on transpiration and photosynthesis of loblolly pine and Autumn olive. Forest Science. 21/1. 33–35.
31. Sawidis, T., Marnasidis, A., Zachariadis, G., Stratis, J. 1995. A study of air pollution with heavy metals in Thessaloniki city (Greece) using trees as biological indicators. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 28/1. 118-124.
32. Saygıdeğer, S. 1995. Lycopersicum esculentum L. bitkisinin çimlenmesi ve gelişimi üzerine kurşunun etkileri. II. Ulusal Ekoloji ve Çevre Kongresi, Ankara. 588-597.
33. Sharma, P., Dubey, S. 2005. Lead toxicity in plants. Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology. 17/1. 35-52.
34. Shivanna, K.R., Rangaswamy, N.S. 1992. Pollen biology laboratory manual. Druckerei Kutschbach, Berlin.
35. Sowidis, T., Reiss, H.D. 1995. Effects of heavy-metals on pollen-tube growth and ultrastructure. Protoplasma. 185/3-4. 113-122.
36. Symeonidis, L., Karataglis, S.1992. The Effect of lead and zinc on plant growth and chlorophyll content of Holcus lanatus L. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science. 1/68. 108-112.
37. Toker, M.C. 1988. Uptake of lead by barley (Hardeum distichon L.) roots and its relation to potassium. Doğa Türk Biyoloji Dergisi. 12/2. 128-133.
38. Tuna, A.L., Bürün, B., Yokaş, İ., Çoban, E. 2002. The effects of heavy metals on pollen germination and pollen tube length in the tobacco plant. Turkish Journal of Biology. 26/2. 109-113.
39. Ursinyova, M., Hladikova, V., Uhnak, J., Kovacicova, J. 1997. Toxic elements in environmental samples from selected regions in Slovakia. Bulletin Environmental Contamination Toxicology. 58/6. 985-992.
40. Wheeler, G.L, Rolfe, G.L. 1979. The relationship beetween daily traffic volume and the distribution of lead in roadside soil and vegatation. Environmental Pollution. 18. 265-274.
41. Wodehouse, R.P. 1935. Pollen grain. Mc Graw Hill, New York.
42. Xiong, Z.T. 1997. Heavy metal contamination of urban soils and plants in relation to traffic in Wuhan city, China. Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry. 65/1. 31-39.
43. Van Assche, F., Cliisters, H. 1990. Effects of metals on enzyme activity in plants. Plant, Cell and Environment. 13/3. 195-206.
44. Yassoglou, N., Kosmas, C., Asimakopoulos, J., Kalliaoun, C. 1987. Heavy metal contamination of roadside soils in the Greater Athens area. Environmental Pollution. 47/4. 293-304.
45. Yücel, E. 1996. Asya servi kavağı kullanılarak Kütahya ilinde trafik kökenli Pb, Cd ve Zn kirliliğinin araştırılması. Turkish Journal of Botany. 20/2. 113-116.
46. Zengin, F.K., Munzuroğlu, Ö. 2004. Effect of lead (Pb++) and copper (Cu ++) on the growth of root, shoot and leaf of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seedlings. G.U. Journal of Science. 17/3. 1-10.