Assessment of water quality in three sub-basins of Susurluk River Northwest Anatolia according to invertebrates and biotic indices

Abstract

Turkey has 25 main drainage river basins by the hydrological features. One of the 25 main drainages is the Susurluk basin which is located in the Northwest of the Anatolia. The Orhaneli, Emet and Mustafakemalpaşa rivers are the three sub-basins of the Susurluk river system. The Mustafakemalpaşa River, which is formed by the joining of Emet and Orhaneli rivers, is one of the most important water resources feeding the Lake Uluabat. During the study period November 2004, July 2005, May 2006 and June 2007 zoobenthic samples were collected in three sub-basins of Susurluk. Also some environmental variables water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, nitrate nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen were analyzed. In addition some biological metrics Shannon-Wiener diversity indices, Biological Monitoring Working Party BMWP score and Average Score Per Taxon ASPT , dominance were also calculated. In Orhaneli, Emet and Mustafakemalpaşa Rivers, 35 taxonomic groups were identified on class, order and family level along with 36 Oligochaeta species. In the present study zoobenthic communities of these three rivers were dominated mainly by four taxa; Oligochaeta 41.3% , Chironomidae 18.2% , Gammaridae 10.7% and Ephemeroptera 6% . The oligochaete fauna of the three sub-basins was dominated by widely distributed tubificid Potamothrix hammoniensis and naidid Nais communis. Shannon-Wiener diversity indices, BMWP score and ASPT values varied between 0.2-2.7; 9-95 and 2.3-5.9 respectively. Our results indicated that upper Orhaneli and Emet River rhitral zone stations 10 and 19 was nonimpacted and their fauna diverse while the potamal zone stations 1, 11, 16 and 17 was polluted. Our both biological and water quality parameters showed that ten out of the nineteen stations were determined as water quality classes I and II nonimpacted and slighltly impacted in the study area.

Keywords

• Water quality, Orhaneli, Emet and Mustafakemalpaşa Rivers, Oligochaeta

Orhaneli, Emet ve Mustafakemalpaşa Çaylarının Oligochaeta faunası ve su kalitesi

Abstract

Türkiye 25 akarsu havzasına sahiptir ve bu havzalardan bir tanesi de kuzeybatı Anadolu bölgesinde yer alan Susurluk Nehir Havzası’dır. Orhaneli, Emet and Mustafakemalpaşa nehirleri, Susurluk havzası içinde yer alan üç alt havzadır. Emet ve Orhaneli çaylarının birleşmesiyle oluşan Mustafakemalpaşa Çayı, Uluabat Gölü’nü besleyen en önemli su kaynaklarından biridir. Bu üç akarsu Karacabey yakınında birleşerek Kocasu Nehri’ni oluşturur ve denize dökülür. Çalışma süresince Kasım 2004, Temmuz 2005, Mayıs 2006 ve Haziran 2007 zoobentik örnekler Susurluk’un üç alt havzasından toplanılmıştır. Ayrıca, bazı çevresel parametreler de su sıcaklığı, pH, çözünmüş oksijen, biyolojik oksijen ihtiyacı, amonyum azotu, nitrat azotu ve amonyum azotu analiz edilmiştir. İlaveten, bazı biyolojik metrikler de ShannonWiener Çeşitlilik İndeksi, Biyolojik İzleme Çalışma Grubu BMWP ve her taksonun ortalama değeri ASPT , baskınlık hesaplanılmıştır. Orhaneli, Emet ve Mustafakemalpaşa Çayları’nda 36 Oligochaeta türü ile birlikte sınıf, takım ve familya düzeyinde 35 taksonomik grup teşhis edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada; Mustafakemalpaşa, Orhaneli ve Emet çaylarının zoobentik komünitesi başlıca Oligochaeta %41,3 , Chironomidae %18,2 , Gammaridae %10,7 ve Ephemeroptera %6 olmak üzere dört gruptan oluşmaktadır. 3 alt havzanın Oligochaeta faunasında, geniş yayılış gösteren tubificid Potamothrix hammoniensis ve naidid Nais communis türleri baskındı. Shannon-Wiener Çeşitlilik İndeks, BMWP skor ve ASPT değerleri sırasıyla 0,2-2,7; 9-95 ve 2,3-5,9 arasında değişmektedir. Araştırma sonucunda Orhaneli e Emet Çay’ları üst kesimlerinin rhitral bölge, 10 ve 19. istasyonlar temiz ve faunasının yüksek çeşitlilik gödterdiği, buna karşılık potamal bölgelerin 1, 11, 16 ve 17.istasyonlar kirlenmiş su sınıfında olup faunalarının fakir olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Hem biyolojik hem de su kalite parameter sonuçları ondokuz örneklem noktasından on tanesinin I. ve II. kalite su sınıfında olduğunu ortaya koymuştur.

Keywords

• Orhaneli, Emet ve Mustafakemalpaşa Çayları, Oligochaeta

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