A morphological study of Smyrnium Apiaceae from Turkey

Year 2015, Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 54 - 59, 15.12.2015

Fatma Mungan Kemal Yıldız Murat Kılıç Mehmet Kuh

Abstract

In this study, six taxa of the genus Smyrnium L. Apiaceae Smyrnium olusatrum L, S. perfoliatum L. subsp. perfoliatum, S. perfoliatum Mill. subsp. rotundifolium, S. cordifolium Boiss., S. connatum Boiss & Kotschy and S. creticum Mill. were investigated. Specimens were collected from the field and general morphology of every taxa was drawn. Especially micromorphological surface characteristics of mericarps were investigated by using scanning electron microscopy SEM and mericarp characters of each taxa were examined by using light microscopy and quantitative analysis was done because of the mericarp characters importance in systematic. Based on these data, the mericarp’s features were added to the identification key in addition to the characters used in differentiating the species in the Flora of Turkey

Keywords

mericarp, morphology, scanning electron microscope, Smyrnium, Turkey

Türkiye’nin Smyrnium Apiaceae cinsi üzerine morfolojik bir çalışma

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de doğal olarak yetişen Smyrnium L. yabani kereviz cinsinin 6 taksonu; S. olusatrum L. delikereviz , S. perfoliatum L. subsp. perfoliatum sarıkörek , S. perfoliatum Mill. subsp. rotundifolium çakalbaldıran , S . cordifolium Boiss. kokarbaldıran , S. connatum Boiss & Kotschy yabani kereviz , S. creticum Mill. belesanotu incelenmiştir. Araziden toplanan örneklerden her taksona ait genel görünüşler aydınger üzerine çizilmiştir. Özellikle merikarp karakterlerinin sistematikteki öneminden dolayı, merikarpların mikromorfolojik yüzey özellikleri taramalı elektron mikroskobunda SEM incelenmiş, ayrıca her taksona ait örneklerin merikarp karakterleri stereo ışık mikroskobu ile incelenerek sayısal analizleri yapılmıştır. Bu veriler ışığında Türkiye Florası’nda yer alan türlerin ayrımında kullanılan karakterlere ilave olarak, tohum özellikleri de eklenerek teşhis ayrım anahtarı tekrar yapılmıştır

Keywords

merikarp, morfoloji, Smyrnium, taramalı elektron mikroskobu, Türkiye

References

• Amiri, H., Khavari-Nejad, R,, Ramezan, A., Masoud, S.H., Chalabian, F., Rustaiyan, A. 2006. Composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil from stems, leaves, fruits and roots of Smyrnium cordifolium Boiss. from Iran. J Essent Oil Res 18: 574-577.
• Bermejo, J.E., Leon, J. 1994. Neglected Crops: 1492 From a Different Perspective. Fao Plant P, No: 26, FAO, Rome, Italy.
• Bertoli, A., Pistelli, L., Morelli, I., Fraternale, D., Giamperi, L., Ricci, D. 2004. Volatile constituents of different parts (roots, stems and leaves) of Smyrnium olusatrum L. Flavour Frag J 19: 522-525.
• Bohlmann, F., Zdero, C. 1973. Polyacetlenic compounds part 220 on the constıtuents of S.olusatrum. Chem Ber 106: 3614- 3620.
• Bourarach, K., Hannin, S., Lamnaouer, D. 1999. Insecticidal activity of Smyrnium olusatrum, Nigella sativa and Piper nigrum against Rizopertha dominica and Sitophilus oryzae. Revue de Medecines et Pharmacopees Africaines 13: 1-9.
• El-Gamal, A.A. 2001. Sesquiterpene lactones from Smyrnium olusatrum. Phytochemistry 57: 1197-1200.
• Gonzalez, A.G., Breton, J.I., Galindo, A., Rodriguez, Luis, F. 1975. Sesquıterpene lactones in Umbelliferae. Revista de la Real Academia de Ciencias Exactas Fisicas y Naturales de Madrid 69 : 647-662.
• Goren, N., Ulubelen, A., Bohlmann, F., Jakupovic, J., Grenz, M. 1984. Sesquiterpene lactones from the fruits Of Smyrnium rotundifolium Phytochemistry, 23: 2281-2284.
• Hartvig, P. 1986. Smyrnium L. In: Strid, A. (Ed.), Mountain Flora of Greece, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, pp. 671-672.
• Hinkova, T.S., Koeva, J. 1966. Puccinia Ijulinica sp. on leaves of Smyrnium perfoliatum. Rev Roumaine Biol Ser Bot 11: 107- 109.
• Jafri, S. M.H., El-Gadi, A. 1985. Flora of Libya, vol. 117, Al Faatheh University, Faculty of Science Publication, Tripoli, pp. 30.
• Kaya, Z., Başaran, S. 2006. Bartın Florasına Katkılar, Gazi Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi 6: 40-62.
• Moelleken, U., Sinnwell, V., Kubeczka, K.H. 1998. Essential oil composition of Smyrnium olusatrum. Phytochemistry 49: 1709-1714.
• Moelleken, U., Sinnwell, V., Kubeczka, K.H. 1998. The essential oil composition of fruits from Smyrnium perfoliatum. Phytochemistry 47: 1079-83.
• Payne, R.M. 1977. Insects attracted to Alexanders S. olusatrum. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 13: 233-234.
• Poli, F., Tirillini, B., Tosi, B., Sacchetti, G., Bruni, A. 1995. Histological localization of coumarins in different organs of Smyrnium perfoliatum ( Apiaceae ). Phyton - Ann Rei Bot A 35: 209-217.
• Ragozzino, A. 1973. S. olusatrum family Apiaceae as anew natural host of cucumber mosaic virus. Phytopathol Z 76: 128- 132.
• Randall, R.E. 2003. Smyrnium olusatrum L. J Ecol 91: 325 -340.
• Sağıroğlu, M. 2012. Smyrnium. In: Güner, A., Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural, M. & Babaç, M.T. (eds.). Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler). Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği yayını. pp. 79- 80, İstanbul.
• Stevens, P.F. 1972. In Davis, P.H. (edit.), Flora of Turkey and East Aegean Islands, Vol.: 4, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, pp.337-340.
• Tanker, N., Ulubelen, A., Öksüz, N. 1984. Furanosesquiterpenes from the fruits of Smyrnium cordifolium. Phytochemistry 23: 1793-1794.
• Ulubelen, A., Abdolmaleky, H., Mabry, T.J. 1982. Flavonoid Glycosides from Smyrnium perfoliatum, Smyrniumcreticum and Smyrnium rotundifolium. J Nat Products 45: 507.
• Weber, M. 1994. Stigma, style, and polen tube pathway in Smyrnium perfoliatum (Apiaceae). Int J Plant Sci 155: 437 444.
• http://biow.tubitak.gov.tr/present/taxonForm1.jsp?taxon=33
• http://bizimbitkiler.org.tr/v2/hiyerarsi.php?c=Smyrnium
• http://www.ipni.org/ipni.