Agricultural pesticides used on Central West Anatolian Eskişehir/Turkey population areas of Great Bustard Otis tarda

Year 2015, Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 254 - 258, 15.12.2015

Mehmet Mahir Karataş Muharrem Karakaya Ünal Özelmas

Abstract

The Great Bustard Otis tarda is the biggest species in the Western Palearctic species of the Otididae and the Male Great Bustard Otis tarda is one of the heaviest flying birds. The species is Globally Threatened Species Classified as “Vulnerable” by IUCN IUCN, 2015 and is listed in the CITES Appendix II. Habitat of this species in our country, due to the change of agricultural land to natural and secondary steppe, nowadays constitutes mostly farmland. In addition to pest control in the field of agriculture and indirectly to get more products from agricultural areas, wide variety pesticides Herbicides, Rodenticides, Insecticides etc. are used. This study, was supported 201319008 201364 coded Project by Eskişehir Osmangazi University Scientific Search Project Commusion, carried out in Eskişehir Aliken Important Nature Area between March 2013 – May 2015. During the field survey, in habitat of great bustard used pesticides were determined and this pesticides photographs and coordinates were taken. Finally, the written articles on determined pesticide active ingredients were scanned and potential impacts on these endangered species were discussed

Keywords

Aliken, Eskişehir, Otis tarda, Pesticides

İç Batı Anadolu Eskişehir ’daki Büyük Toy Kuşu Otis tarda ’nun Yaşam Alanlarında Kullanılan Tarımsal İlaçlar

Abstract

Büyük Toy Kuşu Otis tarda , Otididae familyasının Batı Palearktik’te bulunan türlerinden en büyük olanı ve erkeği uçabilen en ağır kuşlardan biridir. Bu tür, Küresel Tehlikedeki Kuşlar Listesi’nde IUCN, 2015 Hassas ‘Vulnerable’ ve Bern Sözleşmesi’nde EK-II statüsündedir. Ülkemizde bu türün yaşam alanlarını, doğal ve ikincil bozkırların tarım alanlarına dönüştürülmesinden dolayı, günümüzde çoğunlukla tarım arazileri oluşturmaktadır. Yine günümüzde tarım alanlarındaki zararlılarla mücadele etmek ve dolaylı olarak tarım alanlarından daha fazla ürün almak için çok çeşitli tarım ilaçları Herbisit, Rodentisit, İnsektisit vb. kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışma, Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Komisyonu tarafından 201319008 nolu proje ile desteklenerek Mart 2013-Mayıs 2015 tarihleri arasında Eskişehir ili Aliken Önemli Doğa Alanı ÖDA içinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapılan arazi çalışmaları sırasında Büyük Toy Kuşunun yaşam alanları içinde kullanılan tarımsal ilaçlar belirlenmiş, fotoğraflanmış ve koordinatları alınmıştır. Son olarak belirlenen bu tarımsal ilaçların etken maddeleri üzerine yapılan makaleler taranmış ve nesli tehlikede olan bu tür üzerine oluşturacağı olası etkileri tartışılmıştır

Keywords

Aliken, Eskişehir, Otis tarda, Pestisit

References

• Ahmad, M.Z., Khan, A., Javed, M.T., Hussain, I., 2015. Impact of chlorpyrifos on health biomarkers of broile chicks. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology. doi: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2014.12.024.
• Alonso, J. A., Martin, C. A., Alonso, J. C., Morales, M. B., Lane, S. J., 2001. Seasonal movements of male Great Bustards in Central Spain. J. Field Ornithol., 72(4):504-508.
• Alonso, J. C., Martin, C. A., Palacin, C., Magana, M., Martin, B., 2003. Distribution, size and recent trends of the Great Bustard (Otis tarda) population in Madrid Region, Spain. Ardeola 50(1). 21-29.
• Barati, A., Amerifar, A. A., 2008. On the status of the Great Bustard (Otis tarda) Linnaeus,1758 (Aves: Otididae) in Province, İran. Zoology in the Middle East 43; 41-48.
• Baril, A., Jobin, B., Mineau, P., Collins, B.T., 1994. A consideration of inter-species variability in the use of themedian lethal dose (LD50) in avian risk assessment. Can. Wildl. Serv. Tech. Rep. Ser., No. 216, Environment Canada, Hull, Quebec.
• Boutin, C., Freemark, K.E., Kirk, D.A., 1999. Farmland birds in southern Ontario: field use, activity patterns and vulnerability to pesticide use. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 72; 239-254.
• Bravo, C., Ponce, C., Palacin, C., Alonso, J.C., 2012. Diet of young Great Bustards Otis tarda in Spain: sexual and seasonal differences. Bird Study. iFirst; 1-9.
• Chu, S.,Henny, C.J., Kaiser, J.L., Drouillard, K.G., Haffner, G.D., Letcher, R.J., 2007. Dacthal and chlorophenoxy herbicides and chlorothalonil fungicide in eggs of osprey (Pandion haliaetus) from the Duwamish-Lake Washington-Puget Sound area of Washington state, USA. Environmental Pollution 145; 374-381.
• Deveikyte, I. and Seibutis, V., 2006. Broadleaf weeds and sugar beet response to Phenmedipham, Desmedipham, Ethofumesate and triflusulfuron-methyl. Agronomy Research 4 (Special issue). 159-162.
• EBCC, 2014. European Bird Census Council., 〈http://www.ebcc.info/〉 (accessed 20.05.14).
• Enayati, A. A., Asgarian, F., Amouei, A., Sharif, M., Mortazavi, H., Boujhmehrani, H., Hemingway, J., 2010. Pyrethroid insecticide resistance in Rhipicephalus bursa (Acari, Ixodidae). Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 97. 243–248.
• Engelman, C. A., Grant, W. E., Mora, M.A., Woodin, M., 2012. Modelling effects of chemical exposure on birds wintering in agricultural landscapes: The western burrowing owl (Athene cunicularia hypugaea) as a case study. Ecological Modelling 224. 90– 102.
• European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), 2009. Guidance document on risk assessment for birds & mammals on request from EFSA. EFSA J. 7 (12). 1438.
• Freemark, K. and Boutin C., 1995. Impacts of agricultural herbicide use on terrestrial wildlife in temperate landscapes: A review with special reference to North America. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 52
• Fry, D.M., 1995. Reproductive effects in birds exposed to pesticides and industrial chemicals. Environ.Health 67-91. Perspect.103 (Suppl7). 165–171.
• Gile, J.D., Eyers, S.M., 1986. Effect of adult mallard age on avain reproduction tests. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 15. 751–756.
• Goulson, D.,2014. Ecology: pesticides linked to bird declines. Nature 511,295–296.
• Hallmann, C.A., Foppen,R.P.B.,Van Turnhout,C.A.M., De Kroon, H.,Jongejans,E., 2014, Declines in insectivorous birds are associated with high neonicotinoid concentrations. Nature 51. 341–343.
• Hoffman, D.J. and Albers, P.H., 1984. Evaluation of potential embryotoxicity and teratogenicity of 42 herbicides, insecticides, and petroleum contaminants to mallard eggs. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 13:15-27.
• Horreo, J. L., Palacın, C., Alonso, J.C., Mıla, B., 2013. A link between historical population decline in the threatened great bustard and human expansion in Iberia: evidence from genetic and demographic data. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 110. 518–527.
• Jiang, Y., Swale, D., Carlier, P.R., Hartsel, J.A., Ma, M., Ekström, F., Bloomquist, J.R., 2013. Evaluation of novel carbamate insecticides for neurotoxicity to non-target species. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 106. 161. 156–
• Jin, T., Zeng, L., Lu, Y., Xu, Y., Liang, G., 2010. Identification of resistance-responsive proteins in larvae of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), for pyrethroid toxicity by a proteomic approach. Pesticide Biochemistry and 96. 1–7. Physiology
• Krebs, J.R.,Wilson,J.D.,Bradbury,R.B.,Siriwardena,G.M., 1999. A second silent spring?. Nature 400. 611–612.
• Lane, S. J., Alonso, J. C., Alonso, J. A., Naveso, M. A., 1999. Seasonal changes in diet and diet selection of Great Bustards (Otis t. tarda) in North-West Spain. J. Zool. Lond. 247. 201-214.
• Lemus, J.A., Bravo, C., Garcia-Montijano, M., Palacin, C., Ponce, C., Magana, M., Alonso, J. C., 2011. Side effects of rodent control on non-target species: rodenticides increase parasite and pathogen burden in Great Bustards. Science of The Total Environment Volume 409, Issue 22; 4729-4734.
• Lopez-Antia, A., Ortiz-Santaliestra, M.E., Mougeot, F., Mateo, R., 2015. Imidacloprid-treated seed ingestion has lethal effect on adult partridges and reduces both breeding investment and offspring immunity. Environmental Research 136. 97–107.
• Lopez-Jamar, J., Casas, F., Diaz, M., Morales, M. B., 2010. Local differences in habitat selection by Great Bustards (Otis tarda) in changing agricultural landscapes: implications for farmland bird conservation. Bird Conservation International, page 1 of 14, doi:10.1017/S0959270910000535.
• Mineau, P. and Whiteside,M., 2013. Pesticide acute toxicity is a better correlate of U.S. grassland bird declines than agricultural intensification. PLoS One 8, e57457.
• Moreby, S.J. and Southway, S.E., 1999. Infuence of autumn applied herbicides on summer and autumn food available to birds in winter wheat fields in southern England. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 72; 285-297.
• NPİC., 2015, National Pesticide İnformation Center. 2,4-D Technical Fact Sheet
• Oros, D.R., Werner, I., 2005. Pyrethroid Insecticides: An Analysis of Use Patterns, Distributions, Potential Toxicity and Fate in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta and Central Valley. SFEI Contribution 415 San Francisco Estuary Institute. Oakland. CA.
• Palacin, C., Alonso, J. C., Martin, C. A., Alonso, J. A., 2012. The importance of traditional farmland areas for steppe birds: a case study of migrant female Great Bustards Otis tarda in Spain. Ibis 154, 85-95.
• Palacin, C., Alonso, J.C., 2008. An updated estimate of the world status and population trends of the Great Bustard (Otis tarda). Ardeola 55(1), 13-25.
• Rahimi, R., Abdollahi, M., 2007. A review on the mechanisms involved in hyperglycemia induced by organophosphorus pesticides. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 88: 115–121.
• Rinkevich, F. D., Du, Y., Dong, K., 2013. Diversity and convergence of sodium channel mutations involved in resistance to pyrethroids. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 106: 93–100.
• Rinkevich, F. D., Su, C., Lazo, T. A., Hawthorne, D. J., Tingey, W. M., Naimov, S., Scott, J. G., 2012. Multiple evolutionary origins of knockdown resistance (kdr) in pyrethroid-resistant Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 104: 192–200.
• Sanchez-Santed, F., Canadas, F., Flores, P., Lopez-Grancha, M., Cardona, D., 2004. Longterm functional neurotoxicity of paraoxon and chlorpyrifos: behavioural and pharmacological evidence. Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 26: 305–317.
• Schom, C.B., Abbot,U.K., Walker, N., 1973. Organophosphorus pesticide effect of domestic game bird species. Dursban, Poult. Sci. 52; 20–83.
• Ural, M.Ş., Sağlam, N., 2005. A study on the acute toxicity of pyrethroid deltamethrin on the fry rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792). Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 83: 124–131.
• URL, 2015. IUCN (http://www.iucnredlist.org). US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), 2010. Pyrethroids and pyrethrins. .
• Wei, Z., Chen, C., Shi, L., Jin, J., Zhang, Q., Xu, S., Cao, X., Yue, X., 2013. Novel N-nitroacetamide derivatives derived from 2,4-D: Design, synthesis, bioevaluation, and prediction of mechanism of action. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 106: 68–74.
• Werner, I., Moran, K., 2008. Effects of pyrethroid insecticides on aquatic organisms. In: Gan, J., Spurlock, F., Hendle y, P., Weston, D.P. (Eds.), Synthetic Pyrethroids: Occurrence and Behavior in Aquatic Environments. American Chemical Society. Washington DC. pp. 310–335.
• Willemsen, R.E. and Hailey, A., 2001. Effects of Spraying the herbicides 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T on a population of the tortoise Testudo Hermanni in southern Greece. Enviromental Pollution 113; 71-78.
• Yang, Y., Ma, H., Zhou, J., Liu, J., Liu, W., 2014. Joint toxicity of permethrin and cypermethrin at sublethal concentrations to the embryo-larval zebrafish. Chemosphere 96; 146–154.