Seed germination studies on chasmophyte endemic Campanula tomentosa and Campanula vardariana

Year 2014, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 129 - 135, 15.08.2014

Ümit Subaşı Aykut Güvensen

Abstract

Conservation and management of threatened species in many studies to be carried out on the basis, in the understanding of the characteristics associated with reproductive biology and attention was drawn to the study. Germination and seedling placement of these properties are the most vulnerable in the life cycle of plants and seed germination of endemic species particularly better understanding of requirements and capacity is essential for conservation and management of biodiversity. The aim of this study, chasmophytic endemic of Campanula tomentosa and C. vardariana species, ex-situ cultivate and strengthening of natural populations. For this purpose in our study, the determination of germination characteristics of these species as well as different concentrations of photoperiod and the germination percentage and mean germination time of GA3 were investigated. According to the results of Analysis of Variance, Campanula tomentosa and C. vardariana seeds of different photoperiod and alternate temperature, 20 °C continuous dark and different concentrations of GA3 of the average germination percentage effect statistically insignificant p>0,05 when determining this application, the average germination time effect on the statistically significant were determined p

Keywords

Campanula tomentosa, C. vardariana, seed germination, endemic, Chasmophyt

Kazmofit endemik Campanula tomentosa ve Campanula vardariana üzerinde tohum çimlendirme çalışmaları

Abstract

Tehdit altındaki türlerin korunması ve yönetilmesini temel alan birçok çalışmada üreme biyolojisi ile ilişkili özelliklerin anlaşılmasına ve araştırılmasına dikkat çekilmiştir. Bu özelliklerden çimlenme ve fide yerleşimi bitkilerin yaşam döngüsünde en hassas durumdur ve özellikle endemik türlerin tohum çimlenme gereksinimleri ve kapasitelerinin iyi anlaşılması, biyoçeşitliliğin korunması ve yönetimi için temeldir. Bu çalışmada kazmofitik endemik Campanula tomentosa ve C. vardariana türlerinin ex-situ yetiştirilmesi ve doğal populasyonlarının güçlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla çalışmamızda bu türlerin çimlenme özelliklerinin yanısıra farklı fotoperiyotlarda ve konsantrasyonlarda GA3’ün çimlenme yüzdesine ve ortalama çimlenme süresine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Varyans analiz sonuçlarına göre, C. tomentosa ve C. vardariana’ya ait tohumların farklı fotoperyot p>0,05 , değişken sıcaklık, 20°C de sürekli karanlık ve farklı konsanrtasyonlarda GA3 uygulamalarının ortalama çimlenme yüzdesine etkisi istatiksel olarak anlamsız tespit edilirken, bu uygulamaların ortalama çimlenme süresi üzerine etkisi istatiksel olarak anlamlı olarak belirlenmiştir p

Keywords

Campanula tomentosa, C. vardariana, tohum çimlenmesi, endemik, kazmofit

References

• Akçiçek., E. Vural, M., Açık, L., Çelebi, A. 2005. Notes on Campanula argaea group (Campanulaceae) in Turkey and related species. Annales Botanici Fennici. 42/ 405–410.
• Alçıtepe, E., 2010. Studies On Seed Morphology of Campanula L. Section Quinqueloculares (Boiss.) Phitos (Campanulaceae) in Turkey. Pakistan Journal of Botany. 42(2)/1075-1082.
• Alçıtepe, E., Everest, A., Sungur, MA. 2011. Some soil parameters in Campanula species (sect. Quinqueloculares) from Mediterranean climate areas in Turkey. African Journal of Agricultural Research 6(7)/1735-1743.
• Alçıtepe, E., Yıldız, K. 2010. Taxonomy of Campanula tomentosa Lam. and C. vardariana Bocquet from Turkey, Turkish Journal of Botany. 34/191-200.
• Bashan, Y., Vierheilig, H., Salazar, BG. 2006. Primary colonization and breakdown of igneous rocks by endemic succulent plants of the deserts in Baja California, Mexico. Naturwissenschaften 93/344–347.
• Baskin JM., Baskin CC., 1979. The ecological life cycle of the cedar glade endemic Lobelia gattingeri. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 106(3)/176-181.
• Baskin, JM., Baskin, CC. 2005. Underdeveloped embryos in dwarf seeds and implications. Seed Science Research. 15/ 357–360.
• Bewley, JD., Black, M., 1994. Seeds: Physiology of Development and Germination. Plenum Press, New York, 445s.
• Blionis, GJ., Vokou, D. 2005. Reproductive Attributes of Campanula Populations from Mt Olympos, Greece. Plant Ecology. 178/77-88.
• Bowes, BG., 1999. A Colour Atlas of Plant Propagation and Conservation. Manson Publishing Ltd, London.
• Brusa, G., Ceriani, R., Cerabolini, B. 2007. Seed germination in a narrow endemic species (Telekia speciosissima, Asteraceae): Implications for ex situ conservation. Plant Biosystems. 141(1)/ 56 – 61.
• Cerabolini, B., Andreis, DR., Ceriani, RM., Pierce, S., Raimondi, B. 2004. Seed germination and conservation of endangered species from the Italian Alps: Physoplexis comosa and Primula glaucescens. Biological Conservation. 117/351–356.
• Come, D., 1970. Les Obstacles a` la Germination. Ed Masson, Paris.
• Cronquist, A. 1988. The evolution and classification of flowering plants. The New York Botanical Garden, New York.
• Damboldt, J. 1978. Campanula L. In: Davis PH (ed.) Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Edinburgh: Edinburgh Univ. Press. 6/2-64.
• Davis, PH., Milli, RR., Kit, Tan. 1988. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Island, (Supplement), Edinburgh Univ. Press., Vol. 10, Edinburgh.
• Galme´s, J., Medrano, H., Flexas, J. 2006. Germination capacity and temperature dependence in Mediterranean species of the Balearic Islands. Investigacio´n Agraria: Sistemas y Recursos Forestales 15/ 88–95.
• Gurvich, DE., Funes, G., Giorgis, MA., Demaio, P. 2008. Germination Characteristics of Four Argentinean Endemic Gymnocalycium (Cactaceae) Species With Different Flowering Phenologies. Natural Areas Journal. 28/104–108.
• Güner, A., Özhatay, N., Ekim T., Başer, KHC. 2000. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Vol. 11 (Suppl. 2), pp. 171-175, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
• Heywood, VH.1998. Flowering Plants of The World. B. T. Batsford Ltd, London.
• Heywood, VH., Iriondo JM. 2003. Plant conservation: old problems, new perspectives. Biological Conservation. 113/321 – 335.
• İlçım, A., Behçet L., Tel AZ. 2011. Campanula hacerae (Campanulaceae), a New Species from Turkey. Annales Botanici Fennici. 48/507-510.
• Kandemir, A. 2007. A new Campanula (Campanulaceae) from east Anatolia, Turkey. Nordic Journal of Botany. 25/ 53–57.
• Kırmızı, S., Güleryüz, G., Arslan, H. 2011. Germination responses to GA3 and short-time chilling of three endemic species: Tripleurospermum pichleri, Cirsium leucopsis and Senecio olympicus (Asteraceae). Plant Species Biology. 26/51–57.
• Lammers, TG. 2007. Campanulaceae Jussieu. In: Kadereit JW, Jeffrey C, editors. The Families and Genera of Cascular Plants VIII. Asterales. Berlin and Heidelberg, Germany: Springer, pp. 26–57.
• Lorite, J., Ruiz-Girela, M., Castro, J. 2007. Patterns of seed germination in Mediterranean mountains: study on 37 endemic or rare species from Sierra Nevada, SE Spain. Candollea 62/ 5–16.
• Martin, AC. 1946. The comparative internal morphology of seeds. The American Midland Naturalist 36/ 513–660.
• Maunder, M., Higgens, S., Culham, A. 2001. The effectiveness of botanic garden collections in supporting plant conservation: a European case study. Biodiversity and Conservation. 10/383-401.
• Muenscher, WW.1936. Seed germination in Lobelia, with special reference to the influence of light on Lobelia inflata. Journal of Agricultural Research. 52/627-631.
• Nagy, L., Proctor, J. 1997. Soil Mg and Ni as casual factors of plant occurrence and distribution at the Meikle Kilrannoch Ultramafic site in Scotland. New Phytology.135/561-566.
• Navarro, L., Guitian, J. 2003. Seed germination and seedling survival of two threatened endemic speciesof the northwest Iberian Peninsula. Biological Conservation. 109/313-320.
• Özhatay, N., Kültür, Ş. 2006. Check list of additional taxa to the supplement flora of Turkey III. Turkish Journal of Botany. 30/281-316.
• Özhatay, N., Kültür, Ş., Aslan, S. 2009. Check list of additional taxa to the supplement flora of Turkey IV. Turkish Journal of Botany. 33/191-226.
• Ranieri, BD., Pezzini, FS., Garcia, QS., Chautems, A., França, MGC. 2012. Testing the regeneration niche hypothesis with Gesneriaceae (tribe Sinningiae) in Brazil: implications for the conservation of rare species. Austral Ecology. 37/170-173.
• Solbrig, OT. 1980. Demography and natural selection, p. 1-20. In O.T. Solbrig (ed.). Demography and evolution in plant populations. Botanical Monographs. Blackwell Scientific, Oxford, United Kingdom.
• Soriano, P., Estrelles, E., Bianchelli, M., Galiè, M., Biondi, E. 2012. Conservation aspects for chasmophytic species:Phenological behavior and seed strategies of the Central Apennine threatened endemism Moehringia papulosa Bertol. Plant Biosystems. 146/143–152.
• SPSS, 2007. SPSS 16.0.1 for Windows. SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA. http://www.spss.com [accessed January 2012].
• Stearn, WT. 1996. Botanical Latin, pp: 489-491. London: David & Charles.
• Subaşı, Ü., Güvensen, A. 2010. Seed germination studies on rare endemic Salvia smyrnaea Boiss. (Lamiaceae) Biological Diversity and Conservation, 3(3)/ 126-132.
• Yıldırım, H., Şenol, SG. 2013. Campanula alisan-kilincii (Campanulaceae), a new species from eastern Anatolia, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Botany. 37/ doi:10.3906/bot-1302-17.