Ultrastructure of mature pollen grains in diploid and the natural tetraploid Trıfolium pratense

Year 2013, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 181 - 187, 01.05.2013

Hatice Nurhan Büyükkartal Hatice Çölgeçen

Abstract

Within the scope of this study, the ultrastructural changes in diploid and natural tetraploid Trifolium pratense L. Elçi red clover were examined from tetrad stage to mature pollen stage. In both diploid and natural tetraploid types, it was identified that the mature pollens were two-celled, the generative cell was oval-shaped and situated adjacent to pollen wall and the vegetative cell was elipsoidal-shaped. In both types, the vegetative cell included abundant vesicles, ribosomes and mitochondria.. Agranular ER, plastids and dictyosomes were low in number. In the tetraploid type, abundant ER foldings parallel to the cell wall were remarkable around the generative cell. The generative cell, containing a low quantity of mitochondria, ribosomes and vesicles, had a large nucleus at the center. It is noteworthy that in both types, there were great quantities of electron-dense vesicles

Keywords

mature pollen grains, Trıfolıum pratense., ultrastructure

Diploid ve doğal tetraploid Trifolium pratense’de olgun polenin ince yapısı

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, diploid ve doğal tetraploid Trıfolıum pratense L. Elçi çayırüçgülü ’ de tetrad evresinden olgun polen evresine kadar polenlerdeki ultrastrüktürel değişmeler incelenmiştir.Hem diploid hem de tetraploid örneklerde olgun polenlerin iki hücreli olduğu, generatif hücrenin oval şekilli ve polen çeperine yakın yer aldığı, vejetatif hücrenin ise elipsoidal şekilli olduğu gözlendi. Her iki tipde de vejetatif hücrede çok sayıda küçük vesiküller, ribozom ve mitokondri mevcuttur. Granülsüz endoplazmik retikulum ER , plastidler ve diktiyozomlar az sayıdadır. Tetraploid polenlerde generatif hücre çevresinde bol miktarda hücre membranına paralel ER katlanmaları dikkati çekmiştir. Az sayıda mitokondri, ribozom ve vesikül içeren generatif hücrenin merkezi olarak yer alan büyük bir çekirdeğinin bulunduğu gözlenmiştir. Her iki tipde de elektronca yoğun çok miktarda vesiküllerin bulunması dikkati çekmiştir

Keywords

olgun polen, Trıfolıum pratense., ince yapı

References

• Büyükkartal, H.N. 2003. In vitro pollen germination and pollen tube characteristics in tetraploid red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) Turk J. Bot. 27: 57-61.
• Büyükkartal, H.N, Çölgeçen, H. 2007. The reasons of sterility during polen grain formation in tetraploid Trifolium pratense, International Journal of Agriculture and Biology. 3(2): 188-195.
• Chehregani, A. Mohsenzadeh, F. Tanaomi, N. 2011. Comparative study of gametophyte development in the some species of the genus Onobrychis: Systematic significance of gametophyte futures. Biologia 66/2: 229-237, Section Botany.
• Chudíková, R. Ďurišová, L. Baranec, T. Ikrényi, I. 2011. Cytological and histological studies on male and female gametophyte of endangered species Amygdalus nana in Slovakia. Biologia 66/5: 783-789, Section Botany.
• Çeter, T. Ekici, M. Pınar, NM. Özbek, F. 2013. Pollen morphology of Astragalus L. section Hololeuce Bunge (Fabaceae) in Turkey. Acta Botanica Gallica 160(1): 43-52.
• Elçi, Ş. 1982. The utilization of genetic resource in fodder crop breeding, Eucarpia Fodder Crop Section 13-16 September, Aberystwyth UK.
• El-Ghazaly, G. Huysmans, S. Smets, E.F. 2001. polen development of Rondeletıa odorata (Rubiaceae). Amer. J. Bot. 88(1): 14-30.
• Ekici, N. Dane, F. 2012. Some histochemical features of anther wall of Leucojum aestivum (Amaryllidaceae) during pollen development. Biologia 67/5: 857-866, Section Botany.
• Güneş, F. and Çırpıcı, A. 2010. Pollen morphology of the genus Lathyrus (Fabaceae) section Cicercula in Thrace (European Turkey). Acta Bot. Croat. 69 (1), 83–92
• Hargrove, L. Simpson, M.G. 2003.Ultrastructure of heterocolpate pollen in Cryptantha (Boragınaceae). Int. J. Plant Sci. 164(1):137–151.
• Kahraman, A. Çildir, H. Doğan, M. Güneş, F. Celep, F. 2012. Pollen morphology of the genus Lathyrus L. (Fabaceae) with emphasis on its systematic İmplications Australian Journal of Crop Science. 6(3):559-566.
• Luft, J.H. 1961. Improvements in epoxy resin embedding methods. J Biophys. Biochem. Cytol. 9: 409.
• Mccormick, S. 1993. Male Gametophyte Development. The Plant Cell. 5: 1265-1275.
• Mursalimov, S. Deineko, E. 2012. An ultrastructural study of microsporogenesis in tobacco line SR1. Biologia 67/2: 369-376, Section Cellular and Molecular Biology.
• Pinar, N.M, Büyükkartal, H.N. Çölgeçen, H. 2001. Polen seed morphology of diploids and natural tetraploid of Trifolium pratense L. (Leguminosae). Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica. 43: 27-32.
• Polowick, P.L. Sawhney, V.K. 1993a. An ultrastructural study of polen development in tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum). I. Tetrad to early binucleate microscope stage, Can. J. Bot. 71: 1039-1047.
• Polowick, P.L. Sawhney, V.K. 1993b. An ultrastructural study of polen development in tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum). II. Polen maturation. Can. J. Bot. 71: 1048-1055.
• Rosenfeldt S, Galati B.G 2005. Ubish bodies and polen ontogeny in Oxalis articulata Savigny. Bıocell. 29(3): 271-278.
• Taylor, N. L. Smith, R.R. 1979. Red clover breeding and genetics, Adv. Agr. 31: 125-154.
• Teıxeıra, S.P. Fornı-Martins, E.R. Ranga, N.T. 2002. Development and cytology of polen in Dahlstedtia malve (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae). Bot. Jour. Linn. Soc. 138: 461-471.
• Sato, J.E. 1967. A modified method for bad staining of thin sections, Journal of Electron Microscopy, 16: 133.
• Stempak, J.G. Ward, R.T. 1964. An improved staining method for electron Microscopy, J. Cell Biol. 22: 697.
• Unal, M. 2006. Bitki, Angiosperm Embriyolojisi, Nobel Yayın Dağıtım, Ankara, 270p.
• Van Went, J.L. 1981. Some cytological and ultrastructural aspects of male sterility in Impatiens, Acta Soc. Bot. Pol. 50: 249-252.
• Vardar, F. Ünal, M. 2011. Cytochemical and ultrastructural observations of anthers and polen grains in Lathyrus undulatus Boiss. Acta Bot. Croat. 70: 53-64.
• Vinckkier, S. Smets, E.F. 2005. A histological study of microsporogenesis in Torenna gracilipes (Rubiaceae) Grana 44: 30-44.
• Yamamoto, Y. Nishimura, M.I. Noguchi, T. 2003. Behavior of vacuoles during microspore and polen development in Arabidopsis thaliana, Plant Cell Physiol. 44(11): 1192-1201.
• Yılmaz, G. Aksoy, Ö. Dane, F. 2013. Calcium oxalate crystals in generative organs of Astragalus hamosus and Astragalus glycyphyllos Biological Diversity and Conservation 6(1) :8-12.