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Nitrogen use efficiency, yield and other characteristics of sunflower Helianthus annuus L. hybrids as affected by different levels of nitrogen

Year 2010, Volume: 3 Issue: 3, 121 - 125, 15.12.2010

Abstract

To assess the nitrogen use efficiency of hybrid sunflower Helianthus annuus L. , an experiment was conducted at New Developmental Farm, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Agricultural University Peshawar-Pakistan. Randomized complete block RCB design with split plot arrangement, replicated four times, was used. Sunflower hybrids Suncross, Gulshan-98, Aritar-93, and Peshawar-93 were allotted to main plots while nitrogen levels 0, 45, 90, 135, 180, and 225 kg ha-1 to the sub-plots. Statistical analysis of the data revealed that nitrogen had significant effects P≤0.05 on all parameters under study. Days to button formation and flowering decreased with increase in nitrogen levels. The delayed button formation 35.63 and flowering 52.06 were observed in controlled plots, while earlier button formation 31.94 and flowering 48.56 were noted when 225 kg N ha-1 was applied to the crop. Among hybrids Peshawar-93 took less days 45.29 , while Gulshan-98 took more days 56.42 to flowering. Maximum plant height 87.54 cm , seed yield ha-1 1302.75 kg and leaf area plant-1 9909.5 cm2 was recorded in plots with highest dose of nitrogen 225 kg ha-1 . Maximum leaf area plant-1 8777.53 cm2 has produced by Suncross. Values of nitrogen use efficiency were higher in controlled plots 342 and lower 5.83 in plots with highest dose of nitrogen 225 kg ha-1 . Out of tested hybrids, Suncross produced maximum yield with maximum dose of nitrogen. It is therefore suggested that Suncross should be sown in Peshawar Valley by farmers with N application at the rate of 225 kg ha-1

References

  • Ali, M. 1998. Response of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrids to various levels of nitrogen and phosphorus. M.Sc Thesis. Department of Agronomy, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Agricultural University Peshawar, Pakistan. 23-58.
  • Anonymous. 2008. Vegetable oils imports. Pakistan Statistical Yearbook.
  • Arnon, A.S., and Aslam, S.M. 1991. Growth and yield responses of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) varieties as influenced by row spacing. Pakistan Journal of Science and Industrial Research. 34/8: 319-320.
  • Gomez, K.A., and A.A. Gomez. 1984. Statistical procedures for agricultural research. (2nd Ed.). John Wiley & Sons, NewYork. 247-254.
  • Gutschick, V.P. 1993. Nutrient-limited growth rates: roles of nutrient-use efficiency and of adaptations to increase uptake rate. Journal of Experimental Botany. 44/258: 41-51.
  • Heiser, C.B. 1976. The sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). University Oklahoma Press, USA. pp. 198.
  • Illiev, V., and Vangelova, N. 1977. Effect of nitrogen on growth and photosynthetic productivity of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Soil and Fertility 41/4: 4077-4080.
  • Loubser, H.L and Human, J.J. 1993. Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on the phosphorus absorption by sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.). Journal of Agriculture and Crop Science. 171/3: 206-215.
  • MINFAL, 2010. Agric. Statistics of Pakistan. Ministry of Food, Agric. and Livestock, Econ. Wing, Islamabad, Pakistan.65 - 112.
  • Moll, R.M., E.J. Kamprath, and Jakson, W.A. 1982. Analysis and interpretation which contribute to efficiency of nitrogen utilization. Agronomy Journal. 74:562-564.
  • Morris, A. 1975. Effect of nitrogen on sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Rhodesia Agricultural Journal. 72/6: 360.
  • Nur, I.M. 1975. Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) response to nitrogen fertilization at G.R.S. Acta Agronomica. 24: 463-466.
  • Putnam, D.H., E.S. Oplinger, D.R. Hicks, B.R. Durgan, D.M. Noetzel, R.A. Meronuck, J.D. Doll, and Schulte, E.E.1990. Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Alternative Field Crops Manual. Agricultural Extension Service, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN.
  • Ruffo, M.L., F.O. Garcia, G.A. Bollero, K. Fabrizzi, and Ruiz, R.A. 2003. Nitrogen balance approach to sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) fertilization. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis. 34/17-18: 2645-2657.
  • Scheiner, J.D. and Lavado, R.S. 1999. Soil water content, absorption of nutrient elements, and responses to fertilization of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.): a case study. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 22/2: 369-377.
  • Tianu, A., I. Pieu, P. Romoroga, S. Mate, M. Agnelescu, and Vasiliu, R. 1978. Effect of rate of nitrogen, distance between rows and sowing density on yield of principal crops in irrigated conditions. Abstracted in Field Crops Abstracts. 31/3: 2146.
  • Trapani, N, A.J. Hall, and Weber, M. 1999. Effects of constant and variable nitrogen supply on sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) leaf cell number and size. Annals of Botany, London. 84/5: 599-606.
Year 2010, Volume: 3 Issue: 3, 121 - 125, 15.12.2010

Abstract

References

  • Ali, M. 1998. Response of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrids to various levels of nitrogen and phosphorus. M.Sc Thesis. Department of Agronomy, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Agricultural University Peshawar, Pakistan. 23-58.
  • Anonymous. 2008. Vegetable oils imports. Pakistan Statistical Yearbook.
  • Arnon, A.S., and Aslam, S.M. 1991. Growth and yield responses of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) varieties as influenced by row spacing. Pakistan Journal of Science and Industrial Research. 34/8: 319-320.
  • Gomez, K.A., and A.A. Gomez. 1984. Statistical procedures for agricultural research. (2nd Ed.). John Wiley & Sons, NewYork. 247-254.
  • Gutschick, V.P. 1993. Nutrient-limited growth rates: roles of nutrient-use efficiency and of adaptations to increase uptake rate. Journal of Experimental Botany. 44/258: 41-51.
  • Heiser, C.B. 1976. The sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). University Oklahoma Press, USA. pp. 198.
  • Illiev, V., and Vangelova, N. 1977. Effect of nitrogen on growth and photosynthetic productivity of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Soil and Fertility 41/4: 4077-4080.
  • Loubser, H.L and Human, J.J. 1993. Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on the phosphorus absorption by sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.). Journal of Agriculture and Crop Science. 171/3: 206-215.
  • MINFAL, 2010. Agric. Statistics of Pakistan. Ministry of Food, Agric. and Livestock, Econ. Wing, Islamabad, Pakistan.65 - 112.
  • Moll, R.M., E.J. Kamprath, and Jakson, W.A. 1982. Analysis and interpretation which contribute to efficiency of nitrogen utilization. Agronomy Journal. 74:562-564.
  • Morris, A. 1975. Effect of nitrogen on sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Rhodesia Agricultural Journal. 72/6: 360.
  • Nur, I.M. 1975. Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) response to nitrogen fertilization at G.R.S. Acta Agronomica. 24: 463-466.
  • Putnam, D.H., E.S. Oplinger, D.R. Hicks, B.R. Durgan, D.M. Noetzel, R.A. Meronuck, J.D. Doll, and Schulte, E.E.1990. Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Alternative Field Crops Manual. Agricultural Extension Service, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN.
  • Ruffo, M.L., F.O. Garcia, G.A. Bollero, K. Fabrizzi, and Ruiz, R.A. 2003. Nitrogen balance approach to sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) fertilization. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis. 34/17-18: 2645-2657.
  • Scheiner, J.D. and Lavado, R.S. 1999. Soil water content, absorption of nutrient elements, and responses to fertilization of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.): a case study. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 22/2: 369-377.
  • Tianu, A., I. Pieu, P. Romoroga, S. Mate, M. Agnelescu, and Vasiliu, R. 1978. Effect of rate of nitrogen, distance between rows and sowing density on yield of principal crops in irrigated conditions. Abstracted in Field Crops Abstracts. 31/3: 2146.
  • Trapani, N, A.J. Hall, and Weber, M. 1999. Effects of constant and variable nitrogen supply on sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) leaf cell number and size. Annals of Botany, London. 84/5: 599-606.
There are 17 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Abdul Qahar This is me

Zafar Hayat Khan This is me

Sajjad Anwar This is me

Hayat Badshah This is me

Hidayat Ullah This is me

Publication Date December 15, 2010
Published in Issue Year 2010 Volume: 3 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Qahar, A., Khan, Z. H., Anwar, S., Badshah, H., et al. (2010). Nitrogen use efficiency, yield and other characteristics of sunflower Helianthus annuus L. hybrids as affected by different levels of nitrogen. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 3(3), 121-125.

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