Lallementia canescens (L.) Fisch. & C.A.Mey. ve Lallementia peltata (L.) Fisch. & C.A.Mey. fenolik ıçerikleri ve antimikrobiyal, antioksidan ve DNA koruyucu etkileri

Year 2019, Volume: 12 Issue: 3, 78 - 88, 15.12.2019

Yusuf Alan , Ahmet Savcı , Enver Fehim Koçpınar , Murat Kurşat Sıraç Topdemir Mizbah Karataş Birsen Çakmak

Abstract

Bitkilerin iyileştirici etkilerinin içerdikleri bileşenlerden kaynaklandığı bilinmektedir. Bugünün bilim dünyasında, yeni terapötik ajanların geliştirilmesi ve keşfinde olduğu gibi bitki içerikleri ve biyolojik aktiviteleri üzerine çalışmalar çok popülerdir. Bu çalışmada, çeşitli hastalıkların tedavisi ve yeni aktif madde dizaynında literatür için değerli data elde etmek amacıyla, Lallementia canescens (L. canescens) ve Lallementia peltata (L. peltata)’nın biyolojik aktiviteleri araştırıldı. Henüz yararları ve içerikleri tam aydınlatılmamış olan bu bitkiler Bitlis ilinden toplandı ve herbaryum materyaline çevrildi. Bitkilerin toprak üstü kısımları kullanılarak soxalet ekstraksiyon metodu ile etanol (EtOH) özleri hazırlandı ve HPLC kullanılarak bu özlerde 17 fenoliğin konsantrasyonları araştırıldı. Daha sonra standart antioksidan olarak bilinen bütillenmiş hidroksianisol (BHA), bütillenmiş hidroksitoluen (BHT) ve alfa tokoferol (α-Toc)’e karşı özlerin in vitro antioksidan aktiviteleri, oyuk agar metodu ile çeşitli mikroorganizmalar üzerindeki antimikrobiyal etkileri ve agaroz jel elektroforezi ile pBR322 plazmid DNA’sı üzerindeki koruyucu etkileri araştırıldı. Kamferol (kaempferol), gallik asit (gallic acid) ve salisilik asit (salycilic acid) gibi bazı fenolikler saptanamasa da genel olarak özlerin zengin antioksidan içeriğe sahip olduğu belirlendi. Bu etkiye paralel olarak bitki özlerinin standartlara yakın in vitro antioksidan aktivite sergilediği belirlendi. Ayrıca özütlerin özellikle mantarlar üzerinde daha güçlü antimikrobiyal etki gösterdikleri ancak sınırlı derecede DNA koruyucu aktiviteye sahip oldukları saptandı.

Keywords

Antimikrobiyal, Antioksidan, DNA koruma, HPLC, Lallemantia

Antimicrobial, antioxidant and DNA protective effects and phenolic content of Lallementia canescens (L.) Fisch. & C.A.Mey. and Lallementia peltata (L.) Fisch. & C.A.Mey

Abstract

The healing effects of plants are known to stem from the components in their contents. In today's science, the studies on plant contents and biological activities as well as the discovery or development of new therapeutic agents are very popular. In this study, the biological activities of Lallementia canescens (L. canescens) and Lallementia peltata (L. peltata) were investigated to provide valuable data for the literature in the treatment of various diseases and new active substance design. The corresponding plants, which benefits and contents have not been completely elucidated yet, were collected from Bitlis province in Turkey and converted into herbarium material. Ethanol (EtOH) extracts were prepared from the aerial parts (leafs) of the plants using the soxhlet extraction method. The concentrations of 17 phenolic compounds (antioxidants) were determined in these extracts by HPLC. Moreover, the in vitro antioxidant activities of such extracts were compared with the standard antioxidants: Butylated hydroxyanisol (BHA), Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and Alpha tocopherol (α-Toc). Hollow agar and agarose gel electrophoresis methods were used to investigate the antimicrobial effects on various microorganisms and protective effects on pBR322 plasmid DNA, respectively. The results showed that some phenolics such as kaempferol, gallic acid, and salicylic acid could not be identified in EtOH extracts, while the extracts showed strong antioxidant and antimicrobial activity, particularly on the yeasts. On the other hand, DNA protective activities of the extracts were found to be very limited. It can be concluded that the plants are generally rich resources of phenolic compounds. The plants have potential to exhibit strong antioxidant antifungal activities as similar to the standards.

Keywords

Antimicrobial, antioxidant, DNA protection, HPLC, Lallemantia

References

• Alan, Y., and Yilmaz, N. (2019). Phenolic substance contents and biological activities of verbascum insulare boiss. and heldr. Extracts. J steroids, 33, 35.
• Baser, K. (1992). Essential oils of Anatolian Labiatae: a profile. Paper presented at the Wocmap I Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Conference: part 1 of 4 333.
• Baytop, T. (1999). Treatment with plants in Turkey, in past and now. J Istanbul University, Pharm. Faculty, Istanbul, 550.
• Belkhodja, H., Meddah, B., Touil, A. T., Şekeroğlu, N., and Sonnet, P. (2016). Chemical composition and properties of essential oil of rosmarinus officinalis and populus alba. J World J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci, 5041, 108-119.
• Blois, M. S. (1958). Antioxidant determinations by the use of a stable free radical. J nature, 181(4617), 1199-1200.
• Borras-Linares, I., Stojanovic, Z., Quirantes-Pine, R., Arraez-Roman, D., Svarc-Gajic, J., Fernandez-Gutierrez, A., and Segura-Carretero, A. (2014). Rosmarinus Officinalis Leaves as a Natural Source of Bioactive Compounds. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 15(11), 20585-20606. doi: 10.3390/ijms151120585
• Budak, H., Gonul, N., Ceylan, H., and Kocpinar, E. F. (2014). Impact of long term Fe(3)(+) toxicity on expression of glutathione system in rat liver. [Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't]. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol, 37(1), 365-370. doi: 10.1016/j.etap.2013.12.007
• Budak, H., Kocpinar, E. F., Gonul, N., Ceylan, H., Erol, H. S., and Erdogan, O. (2014). Stimulation of gene expression and activity of antioxidant related enzyme in Sprague Dawley rat kidney induced by long-term iron toxicity. [Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't]. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol, 166, 44-50. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2014.07.002
• Cao Shu, B. J. F. o. C., Lamiaceae. (1994). Lallemantia L. 17, 133-134.
• Cocan, I., Alexa, E., Danciu, C., Radulov, I., Galuscan, A., Obistioiu, D., . . . Dehelean, C. A. (2018). Phytochemical screening and biological activity of Lamiaceae family plant extracts. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 15(2), 1863-1870. doi: 10.3892/etm.2017.5640
• Colak, N. U., Yildirim, S., Bozdeveci, A., Yayli, N., Coskuncelebi, K., Fandakli, S., and Yasar, A. (2018). Essential Oil Composition, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Salvia staminea. Records of Natural Products, 12(1), 86-94. doi: 10.25135/rnp.08.17.03.013
• Duletic-Lausevic, S., Aradski, A. A., Kolarevic, S., Vukovic-Gacic, B., Oalde, M., Zivkovic, J., . . . Marin, P. D. (2018). Antineurodegenerative, antioxidant and antibacterial activities and phenolic components of Origanum majorana L. (Lamiaceae) extracts. Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality, 91, 126-134. doi: 10.5073/Jabfq.2018.091.018
• Fu, P. P., Xia, Q. S., Hwang, H. M., Ray, P. C., and Yu, H. T. (2014). Mechanisms of nanotoxicity: Generation of reactive oxygen species. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 22(1), 64-75. doi: 10.1016/j.jfda.2014.01.005
• Guha, G., Rajkumar, V., Mathew, L., and Kumar, R. A. (2011). The antioxidant and DNA protection potential of Indian tribal medicinal plants. Turkish Journal of Biology, 35(2), 233-242. doi: 10.3906/biy-0906-64
• Harley, R., Atkins, S., Budantsev, A., Cantino, P., Conn, B., Grayer, R., . . . Morales, R. (2004). The families and genera of vascular plants. J Labiatae, 6, 241-242.
• Hashemi, S. A., Madani, S. A., and Abediankenari, S. (2015). The Review on Properties of Aloe Vera in Healing of Cutaneous Wounds. [Review]. Biomed Res Int, 2015, 714216. doi: 10.1155/2015/714216
• Hindler, J. (1992). Tests to assess bactericidal activity. J Clinical microbiology procedures handbook. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology, 5.16.
• Kalaycıoğlu, A., and Öner, C. (1994). Investigation of Antimutagenic Effects of Some Plant Extracts using Ames-Salmonella Test System. . Turkish Journal of Botany, 18, 117-122.
• Karami, L., Ghahtan, N., and Habibi, H. (2017). Antibacterial Effect of Plantago Ovata and Lallemantia Iberica Seed Extracts against Some Bacteria. J Research in Molecular Medicine, 5(3), 32-36.
• Khan, M. A., Khan, M., and Uslu, O. S. (2019). Caralluma tuberculata-An important medicinal plant to be conserved. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 12(1), 189-196.
• Kocpinar, E. F., Gonul Baltaci, N., Ceylan, H., Kalin, S. N., Erdogan, O., and Budak, H. (2019). Effect of a Prolonged Dietary Iron Intake on the Gene Expression and Activity of the Testicular Antioxidant Defense System in Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res. doi: 10.1007/s12011-019-01817-0
• Mahmood, S., Hayat, M. Q., Sadiq, A., Ishtiaq, S., Malik, S., and Ashraf, M. (2013). Antibacterial activity of Lallemantia royleana (Benth.) indigenous to Pakistan. J African journal of microbiology research, 7(31), 4006-4009.
• Mantle, D., Anderton, J. G., Falkous, G., Barnes, M., Jones, P., and Perry, E. K. (1998). Comparison of methods for determination of total antioxidant status: application to analysis of medicinal plant essential oils. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 121(4), 385-391. doi: Doi 10.1016/S0305-0491(98)10120-7
• Mitsuda, H. (1966). Antioxidative action of indole compounds during the autoxidation of linoleic acid. J Eiyo to shokuryo, 19, 210-221.
• O'Brien, J. A., Daudi, A., Butt, V. S., and Bolwell, G. P. (2012). Reactive oxygen species and their role in plant defence and cell wall metabolism. Planta, 236(3), 765-779. doi: 10.1007/s00425-012-1696-9
• Rivera Nunez, D., Obon, D., and Gastro, C. (1992). The ethnobotany of Lamiaceae of old world. J Advances in Lamiaceae Science. Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew, 455-473.
• Sagdic, O., Karahan, A., Ozcan, M., and Ozkan, G. (2003). Note: effect of some spice extracts on bacterial inhibition. J Food Science Technology International, 9(5), 353-358.
• Seal, T. (2016). Quantitative HPLC analysis of phenolic acids, flavonoids and ascorbic acid in four different solvent extracts of two wild edible leaves, Sonchus arvensis and Oenanthe linearis of North-Eastern region in India. J Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 6(2), 157-166.
• Siddall, T. L., Ouse, D. G., Benko, Z. L., Garvin, G. M., Jackson, J. L., McQuiston, J. M., . . . Weimer, M. R. (2002). Synthesis and herbicidal activity of phenyl-substituted benzoylpyrazoles. Pest Manag Sci, 58(12), 1175-1186. doi: 10.1002/ps.588
• Skendi, A., Irakli, M., and Chatzopoulou, P. (2017). Analysis of phenolic compounds in Greek plants of Lamiaceae family by HPLC. Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 6, 62-69. doi: 10.1016/j.jarmap.2017.02.001
• Sonmez, E., and Kose, Y. B. (2017). The Total Phenolic Contents and Antioxidant Activities of Endemic Species Ajuga postii Briq. and Ajuga relicta PH Davis (Lamiaceae) from Turkey. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, 51(4), 700-705. doi: 10.5530/ijper.51.4.103
• Tepe, B., Degerli, S., Arslan, S., Malatyali, E., and Sarikurkcu, C. (2011). Determination of chemical profile, antioxidant, DNA damage protection and antiamoebic activities of Teucrium polium and Stachys iberica. Fitoterapia, 82(2), 237-246. doi: 10.1016/j.fitote.2010.10.006
• Turan, N., Savci, A., Buldurun, K., Alan, Y., and Adiguzel, R. (2016). Synthesis and Chemical Structure Elucidation of Two Schiff Base Ligands, Their Iron(II) and Zinc(II) Complexes, and Antiradical, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant Properties. Letters in Organic Chemistry, 13(5), 343-351. doi: 10.2174/1570178613666160422161855
• Wagstaff, S. J., Olmstead, R. G., and Cantino, P. D. (1995). Parsimony analysis of cpDNA restriction site variation in subfamily Nepetoideae (Labiatae). J American Journal of Botany, 82(7), 886-892.
• Wu, L. C., Chang, L. H., Chen, S. H., Fan, N. C., and Ho, J. A. A. (2009). Antioxidant activity and melanogenesis inhibitory effect of the acetonic extract of Osmanthus fragrans: A potential natural and functional food flavor additive. Lwt-Food Science and Technology, 42(9), 1513-1519. doi: 10.1016/j.lwt.2009.04.004
• Yıldırım, H., and Bektaş, E. (2019). Antifeedant Effects of Essential oil of Mentha longifolia subsp. longifolia L. HUDSON (Lamiaceae) on Subcoccinella vigintiquatuorpunctata L.(Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Biological Diversity and Conservation, 12(2), 103-108.
• Yusuf, A., Savcı, A., ÇAKMAK, B., and Havva, K. (2016). Determination of The Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Satureja hortensis Ingredients. J Yüzüncü Yıl University, Institute of science journal, 21(2), 167-177.
• Zhang, H., Barcelo, J. M., Lee, B., Kohlhagen, G., Zimonjic, D. B., Popescu, N. C., and Pommier, Y. (2001). Human mitochondrial topoisomerase I. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 98(19), 10608-10613. doi: 10.1073/pnas.191321998