A survey of heavy metal pollution in Ayvalık Saltern (Balıkesir-Turkey)

Year 2021, Volume: 14 Issue: 3, 396 - 404, 15.12.2021

Güngör Ay , Murat Kılıç , Fatma Koçbaş , Fatma Mungan Kılıç

https://doi.org/10.46309/biodicon.2021.952408

Abstract

In this study was determined concentration of Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, Ni in Salicornia europaea L. and its growing soil which is naturally distributed in Ayvalık Saltern. Analyses were performed using by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (FAAS). Sampling took place between the June 2009 and May 2010 intervals on 8 stations that were determined on the soil barrier surrounding the Saltern. Root, stem and leaves parts of the plant and soil samples collected from the where plant samples were taken regularly from the each station for 12 months. In the S. europaea, Pb and Zn accumulation increased depending on the distance from the road, and a clear relationship was not obtained between Cd, Cu and Ni accumulation.

Keywords

ayvalık saltern, pollution, Salicornia europaea, Turkey, heavy metal

Supporting Institution

Scientific Investigation Project to Coordinate of Manisa Celal Bayar University

Project Number

FEF 2009-035

Thanks

We wish to thank Scientific Investigation Project to Coordinate of Manisa Celal Bayar University (Project No. FEF 2009-035) for financial support.

Ayvalık Tuzlasında ağır metal kirliliği araştırması (Balıkesir-Türkiye)

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, Ayvalık Tuzlası’ nda doğal olarak yayılış gösteren Salicornia europaea L. türünün ve onun yetişme toprağındaki Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, Ni konsantrasyonları belirlenmiştir. Analizler Alev Atomik Absorpsiyon Spektrofotometresi (FAAS) kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Örnekleme, Tuzla'yı çevreleyen toprak bariyeri üzerinde belirlenen 8 istasyonda Haziran 2009 ile Mayıs 2010 tarihleri arasında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bitki örneklerinin 12 ay boyunca her istasyondan düzenli olarak alındığı bitki örneklerinin kök, gövde ve yaprak kısımları ile toprak örnekleri alınmıştır. S. europaea’ da yoldan uzaklığa bağlı olarak Pb ve Zn birikimi artmış, Cd, Cu ve Ni birikimi arasında net bir ilişki elde edilememiştir.

Keywords

Salicornia europaea, Ayvalık Tuzlası, Kirlilik, Ağır metal, Türkiye

Project Number

FEF 2009-035

References

• Singh, D. Buhmann, A. K., Flowers, T. J., Seal, C. E. & Papenbrock, J. (2014). Salicornia as a crop plant in temperate regions: selection of genetically characterized ecotypes and optimization of their cultivation conditions. AoB Plants, 10, 6.
• Yamamoto, K., Oguri, S., Chiba, S. & Momonoki, Y. S. (2009). Molecular cloning of acetylcholinesterase gene from Salicornia europaea L. Plant. Plant Signaling & Behavior, 4, 361-366.
• Smillie, C. (2015). Salicornia spp. as a biomonitor of Cu and Zn in salt marsh sediments. Ecological Indicators, 56, 70-78.
• Patel, S. (2016). Salicornia: evaluating the halophytic extremophile as a food and a pharmaceutical candidate. 3Biotech, 6,104.
• Örçen, N., Çelen, A. E., Nazarian, G. R. & Karaman, H. (2015). Deniz börülcesi (Salicornia europaea)'nin köklendirilmesi üzerine NAA etkisinin belirlenmesi. XI. Tarla Bitkileri Kongresi Bildiriler Kitabı-1 Cilt II, P, 602-605.
• Gunning, D. (2016). Cultivating Salicornia europaea (Marsh Samphire). (Ed. Lucy Watson) BIM. Board lascaigh Mhara, Irish Sea Fisheries Board, University College Cork, Ireland, pp. 1-92.
• Ferreira, D., Isca, V. M. S., Leal P., Seca, A. M. L., Silva, H., Pereira, M. de L., Silva, A. M. S. & Pinto, D. C. G. A. (2018). Salicornia ramosissima: secondary metabolites and protective effect adainst acute testicular toxicity. Arabian Journal Chemistry, 11, 70-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2016.04.012.
• Engel, D. W., Sunda, W. G. & Fowler, B. A. (1981). Factors Affecting Trace Metal Uptake And Toxicity To Estuarine Organisms. I. Environmental Parameters. Biological Monitoring of Marine Pollutants, 127–144.
• Zengin, F. K. & Munzuroğlu, Ö. (2005). Fasulye Fidelerinin (Phaseolus vulgaris L. Strike) klorofil ve karotenoid miktarı üzerine bazı ağır metallerin (Ni+2, Co+2, Cr+3, Zn+2) etkileri. Fırat Üniversitesi Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 17, 164-172.
• Messager, M. L., Davies, lan P., & Levin, P. S. (2021). Low-cost biomonitoring and high-resolution, scalable models of urban metal pollution. Science of The Total Environment, 767, 144280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144280.
• Röderer, G. (1984). On the toxic effects of tetraethyl lead and its derivatives on the chrysophyte Poterioochromonas malhamensis-V. Electron microscopical studies. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 24(1), 17-30.
• Haşimoğlu, C., İçingür, Y. & Öğüt, Y. (2002). Dizel Motorlarında Egzoz Gazları Resirkülasyonunun Motor Performansı ve Egzoz Emisyonlarına Etkisinin Deneysel Analizi. Turkish Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences, 26, 127-135.
• Novotny, V. & Chesters, G. (1981). Sources of Roadside Pollution. Handbook of Nonpoint Pollution: Sources and Management. Van Nostrand Reinhold Environmental Engineering Series, Van Nostrant Reinhold Company, New York.
• Nedelkoska, T. & Doran, P. (2000). Characteristics of heavy metal uptake by plant species with potential for phytoremediation and phytomining. Minerals Engineering, 13(5), 549–561.
• Öztürk, M. & Türkan, İ. (1993). Heavy metal accumulation by plants alongside the motor roads. A case study from Turkey (Ed. B. Markert) Plants as biomonitors, Weinheim: VCH Publisher, pp. 640-650.
• Motto, H. L., Danies, R. P. & Motto, C. K. (1970). Lead in soils and plants; its relationship so traffic volume and proximity so highways. Environmental Science & Technology, 4, 231-237.
• Zengin, F. K. & Munzuroğlu, Ö. (2004). Effects of Cadmium (Cd++) and Mercury (Hg++) on the Growth of Root, Shoot and Leaf of Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Seedlings. Gazi University Journal of Science, 17, 1-10.
• Phalsson, A. B. (1989). Toxicity of heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb) to vascular plants. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 47(3-4), 287-319.
• Ak, A. & Yücel, E. (2011). Ecotoxicological effects of heavy metal stress on antioxidant enzyme levels of Triticum aestivum cv Alpu. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 4, 19-24.
• Milić, D., Luković, J., Ninkov, J., Zeremski-Škorić, T., Zorić, L., Vasin, J. & Milić, S. (2012). Heavy metal content in halophytic plants from inland and maritime saline areas. Central European Journal of Biology, 7(2), 307-317.
• Kiliç, M., Ay, G., Koçbaş, F., Mungan, F., Kula, İ. & Karabaş, M. (2014). Heavy Metal Accumulation Of Suaeda prostrata subsp. prostrata Pall. Which Spread In Ayvalık Saltern. Iğdır University Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, 4(4), 9-18.
• Kiliç, M., Ay, G., Koçbaş, F. & Mungan Kılıç, F. (2019). Determination level of heavy metal in Ayvalik Saltern using Halimione portulacoides (L.) plant. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 12(1), 100-106. http://dx.doi.org/10.5505/biodicon.2019.57966
• UNEP. (1984). Sampling of selected marine organisms and sample preparation for trace metal analysis. Reference Methods for Marine Pollution Studies, 7(2), 15.
• Allen, S. E. (1989). Chemical analysis of ecological materials. Oxford, England: Blackwell Scientific Publications.
• Başkaya, H. S. & Teksoy, A. (1991). Topraklarda ağır metaller ve ağır metal kirliliği. I. Uludağ Çevre Mühendisliği Sempozyumu Bildiri Kitabı, P, 763-771.
• Dürüst, N., Dürüst, Y., Tuğrul, D. & Zengin, M. (2004). Heavy Metal Contents of Pinus radiata Trees of İzmit (Turkey). Asian Journal of Chemistry, 16(2), 1129-1134.
• Türkan, İ. (1986). İzmir İl Merkezi ve Çevre Yolları Kenarında Yetişen Bitkilerde Kurşun (Pb), Çinko (Zn) ve Kadmiyum (Cd) Kirlenmesinin Araştırılması. Doğa Türk Biyoloji Dergisi, 10(1), 116-120.
• Haktanır, K., Arcak, S., Erpul, G. & Tan, A. (1995). Accumulation of The Vehicle-Generated Heavy Metals on the Roadside Soils. Turkish Journal of Engineering & Environmental Sciences, 19(6), 423-431.
• Özbek, H., Kaya, Z., Gök, M. & Kaptan, H. (1995). Toprak Bilimi. Çukurova Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi, Genel Yayın No: 73, Ders Kitapları Yayın No:16, Adana.
• Chang, C. C., Mallie, R .J. V. & Garvey, J. S. (1980). A radioimmunoassay for human metallothionein. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 55(1), 94–102.
• Alaoui-Sossé, B., Genet, P., Vinit-Dunand, F., Toussaint, M. L., Epron, D. & Badot, P. M. (2004). Effect of copper on growth in cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus) and itsrelationships with carbohydrate accumulation and changes in ion contents. Plant Science,166, 1213-1218.
• Ece, A., Çağlarırmak, N. & Camcı-Çetin, S. (2001). Çevre Kirliliğinden Etkilenen ve Yaygın Olarak Yetiştirilen Sebzelerde Kurşun (Pb) ve Kadmiyum (Cd) Miktarının Belirlenmesi Üzerine Bir Araştırma. IV. Ulusal Ekoloji ve Çevre Kongresi, P, 429-434.
• Vergnano, O. & Hunter, J. G. (1952). Nickel and cobalt toxicities in oat plants. Annals of Botany, 17, 317-328.
• Mattigod, S. V. & Page, A. L. (1983). Assessment of metal pollution in soil. Applied environmental geochemistry (Ed. Thornton, I.) London: Academic Press, pp. 355-394.
• Çelik, A., Kartal, A. A., Akdoğan, A. & Kaska, Y. (2005). Determining the heavy metal pollution in Denizli (Turkey) by using Robinio pseudo-acacia L. Environment International, 31, 105-112.