Research Article
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Anatomy, palynology and seed micromorphology of Turkish rare Verbascum racemiferum Boiss. & Hausskkn Ex Boiss. (Scrophulariaceae)

Year 2024, Volume: 17 Issue: 1, 63 - 71, 15.04.2024
https://doi.org/10.46309/biodicon.2023.1367629

Abstract

Verbascum racemiferum Boiss. & Hausskkn ex Boiss. is a member of the Verbascum L. (Scrophulariaceae) genus known as "Sığırkuyruğu". It is an rare species that grows in Turkey which is a center of endemism for Verbascum species. In this study, the anatomical, palynological and seed micromorphological features of V. racemiferum, which is known to grow only in Mardin in the Southeastern Anatolia region, were investigated for the first time. In the root cross-section, the xylem elements occupy a considerable area. In the stem cross-section, the upper part of the epidermis cells is surrounded by a separate cuticle layer and the pith region covers a large area. The main vein of the leaf is shapped as collateral bundle. Idioblasts were observed in the leaves of V. racemiferum. Pollen grains of V. racemiferum are tricolporate-tricolpate, spheroidal; P/E ratio is 0.96 and exine ornamentation is reticulate. Seeds of V. racemiferum are brown and oblong-ovate to prismatic and alveolate. The apex is acute beak. The seed coat ornamentation is irregular polygonal cells, with densely and distinct vesicles. In addition, this study will be a reference to studies on the genus Verbascum.

Supporting Institution

Scientific Investigation Project to Coordinate of Mardin Artuklu University

Project Number

MAÜ.BAP.22.KMY.011

Thanks

We wish to thank Scientific Investigation Project to Coordinate of Mardin Artuklu University (Project No. MAÜ.BAP.22.KMY.011) for financial support. We thank Veysel YILDIZ for their technical assistance with the scanning electron microscopy and photography.

References

  • [1] Heywood, V.H. (1993). Flowering plants of the world. Oxford Univ. Press.
  • [2] Mabberley, D.J. (2008). Mabberley’s plant-book (3th ed., p. 1021). Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. [3] Davis, P.H., Mill, R.R., & Tan, K. (1988). Verbascum L.. In P.H. Davis (Ed. ), Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean, Islands (10 th ed., pp. 191-193). Edinburgh, Edinburgh Univ. Press.
  • [4] Karavelioğulları, F.A. (2012). Verbascum L. In: Güner, A. et al. (eds), Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler, pp 850-870). İstanbul, Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını.
  • [5] Çakir, T., & Bagci, E. (2006). A taxonomical study on the Verbascum euphraticum Bentham and Verbascum melitenense Boiss (Scrophulariaceae). Sci Eng J Firat Univ., 18(4), 445-58.
  • [6] Minkin, J.P., & Hardy-Eshbaugh, W. (1989). Pollen morphology of the Orobanchaceae and Rhinanthoid Scrophulariaceae. Grana, 28, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/00173138909431007
  • [7] Juan R., Fernandez, I., & Pastor, J. (1997). Systematic consideration of microcharacters of fruits and seeds in the genus Verbascum (Scrophulariaceae). Ann. Bot., 80, 591-598.
  • [8] Asmat, T. (2011). Pollen morphology of selected species of Scrophulariaceae of District Dir Upper, Pakistan. J Medic Plants Res., 5(28), 6423-8.
  • [9] Al-Hadeethy, M., Al-Mashhadani, A., Al-Khesraji, T., Barusrux, S., Al-Jewari, H., Theerakulpisut, P., & Pornpongrungrueng, P. (2014). Pollen morphology of Verbascum L. (Scrophulariaceae) in Northern and Central Iraq. Bangladesh Journal of Plant Taxonomy, 21, 159-165. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v21i2.21355
  • [10] Öztürk, A., Güney, K.B., Bani, B., Güney, K., Karaveliogullari, F.A., Pinar, N.M., & Çeter, T. (2018). Pollen morphology of some Verbascum (Scrophulariaceae) taxa in Turkey. Phytotaxa, 333(2), 209-18.
  • [11] Aktas, K. (2019). Morphology, Anatomy, Palynology and Seed Micromorphology of Turkish Endemic Verbascum X splendidum Boiss. (Scrophulariaceae). Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 28(12), 10004- 10010.
  • [12] Aktas, K., Özdemir, C., & Özdemir, B. (2020). Morphology, Anatomy, Palynology and Seed Micromorphology of Turkish Endemic Verbascum exuberans Hub.-Mor. (Scrophulariaceae). Planta Daninha, v38:e020191125. doi: 10.1590/S0100-83582020380100003
  • [13] Baser, B. (2021). Pollen and Seed Morphology of Verbascum Species (Group D) (Scrophulariaceae) in Turkey. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 30(7), 8978-8987.
  • [14] Attar, F., Keshvari, A., Ghahreman, A., Zarre, S., & Aghabeigi, F. (2007). Micromorphological studies on Verbascum (Scrophulariaceae) in Iran with emphasis on seed surface, capsule ornamentation and trichomes. Flora, 202(2), 169-75.
  • [15] Kheiri, S., Khayami, M., & Mahmoudzadeh, A. (2009). Micromorphological and anatomical studies of certain species of Verbascum (Scrophulariaceae) in West Azerbaijan, Iran. Iran J Bot., 15, 105-13.
  • [16] Cabi, E., Baser, B., Yavru, A., Polat, F., Toprak, U., & Karaveliogulları, F.A. (2011). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and light microscope (LM) studies on the seed morphology of Verbascum taxa (Scrophulariaceae) and their systematic implications. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 5, 660-667.
  • [17] Alan, S., & Gökman, A.B. (2015). Investigation of morphological, morphometric and anatomical characteristics of endemic Verbascum orgyale Boiss. & Heldr. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 8(1), 94-103.
  • [18] Tekin, M., & Yılmaz, G. (2018). Anatomical and Palynological Studies on Endemic Verbascum weidemannianum Fisch. & Mey. (Scrophulariaceae) In Turkey. International Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and Life Science, 2(2), 6-15.
  • [19] Küçük, S., Elmaskaya, A., & Göktürk, R.S. (2021). Endemic Verbascum detersile Boiss. & Heldr.'s (Scrophulariaceae) Anatomical Features. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 14(3), 390-395. DOI:10.46309/biodicon.2020.863066.
  • [20] Kılıç Mungan, F., & Kılıç, M. (2023). Şanlıurfa'da yayılış gösteren endemik Verbascum stepporum Murb., ve Verbascum tenue Hub.-Mor., (Scrophulariaceae) türleri üzerinde anatomik araştırmalar. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 16(2) , 132-139. DOI: 10.46309/biodicon.2023.1252992
  • [21] Bozdağ, B., Kocabaş, O., Akyol, Y., & Özdemir, C. (2016). A New Staining Method for Hand-Cut in Plant Anatomy Studies. Marmara Pharm J., 20, 184-190. doi:10.12991/mpj.20162044231
  • [22] Erdtman, G. (1952). Pollen Morphology and Plant Taxonomy: Angiosperms. Massachusettes, USA, Chronica Botanica Co. [23] Wodehouse, R.P. (1935). Pollen Grains, their structure, identification and significance in sci-ence and medicine. New York, Hafner Publishing Company.
  • [24] Punt, W., Hoen, P.P., Blackmore, S., Nilsson, S., & Le Thomas, A. (2007). Glossary of pollen and spore terminology. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 143, 1-81.
  • [25] Lersten, N.R., & Curtis, J.D. 2001. Idioblasts and other unusual internal foliar secretory structures in Scrophulariaceae. Plant Syst. Evol., 227, 63-73.

Türkiye nadir Verbascum racemiferum Boiss. & Hausskkn Ex Boiss. (Scrophulariaceae) anatomisi, palinolojisi ve tohum mikromorfolojisi

Year 2024, Volume: 17 Issue: 1, 63 - 71, 15.04.2024
https://doi.org/10.46309/biodicon.2023.1367629

Abstract

Verbascum racemiferum Boiss. & Hausskkn ex Boiss. "Sığırkuyruğu" olarak bilinen Verbascum L. (Scrophulariaceae) cinsinin bir üyesidir. Tür, Verbascum türleri için endemizm merkezi olan Türkiye'de yetişen nadir bir türdür. Bu çalışmada Güneydoğu Anadolu bölgesinde sadece Mardin'de yetiştiği bilinen V. racemiferum' un anatomik, palinolojik ve tohum mikromorfolojik özellikleri ilk kez araştırılmıştır. Kök kesitinde ksilem elemanları hatırı sayılır bir alan kaplar. Gövde kesitinde epidermis hücrelerinin üst kısmı ayrı bir kütikül tabakası ile çevrelenmiş olup, öz bölgesi geniş bir alanı kaplamaktadır. Yaprağın ana damarı kollateral demet şeklindedir. V. racemiferum' un yapraklarında idioblastlar gözlendi. V. racemiferum' un polen taneleri trikolporat-trikolpat, küreseldir; P/E oranı 0,96 olup ekzin süslemesi ağ şeklindedir. V. racemiferum' un tohumları kahverengidir ve dikdörtgen-oval ila prizmatik ve alveolattır. Tepe noktası keskin gagadır. Tohum kabuğu süslemesi, yoğun ve belirgin keseciklere sahip düzensiz çokgen hücrelerdir. Ayrıca bu çalışma Verbascum cinsi üzerinde yapılan çalışmalara da referans olacaktır.

Project Number

MAÜ.BAP.22.KMY.011

References

  • [1] Heywood, V.H. (1993). Flowering plants of the world. Oxford Univ. Press.
  • [2] Mabberley, D.J. (2008). Mabberley’s plant-book (3th ed., p. 1021). Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. [3] Davis, P.H., Mill, R.R., & Tan, K. (1988). Verbascum L.. In P.H. Davis (Ed. ), Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean, Islands (10 th ed., pp. 191-193). Edinburgh, Edinburgh Univ. Press.
  • [4] Karavelioğulları, F.A. (2012). Verbascum L. In: Güner, A. et al. (eds), Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler, pp 850-870). İstanbul, Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını.
  • [5] Çakir, T., & Bagci, E. (2006). A taxonomical study on the Verbascum euphraticum Bentham and Verbascum melitenense Boiss (Scrophulariaceae). Sci Eng J Firat Univ., 18(4), 445-58.
  • [6] Minkin, J.P., & Hardy-Eshbaugh, W. (1989). Pollen morphology of the Orobanchaceae and Rhinanthoid Scrophulariaceae. Grana, 28, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/00173138909431007
  • [7] Juan R., Fernandez, I., & Pastor, J. (1997). Systematic consideration of microcharacters of fruits and seeds in the genus Verbascum (Scrophulariaceae). Ann. Bot., 80, 591-598.
  • [8] Asmat, T. (2011). Pollen morphology of selected species of Scrophulariaceae of District Dir Upper, Pakistan. J Medic Plants Res., 5(28), 6423-8.
  • [9] Al-Hadeethy, M., Al-Mashhadani, A., Al-Khesraji, T., Barusrux, S., Al-Jewari, H., Theerakulpisut, P., & Pornpongrungrueng, P. (2014). Pollen morphology of Verbascum L. (Scrophulariaceae) in Northern and Central Iraq. Bangladesh Journal of Plant Taxonomy, 21, 159-165. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v21i2.21355
  • [10] Öztürk, A., Güney, K.B., Bani, B., Güney, K., Karaveliogullari, F.A., Pinar, N.M., & Çeter, T. (2018). Pollen morphology of some Verbascum (Scrophulariaceae) taxa in Turkey. Phytotaxa, 333(2), 209-18.
  • [11] Aktas, K. (2019). Morphology, Anatomy, Palynology and Seed Micromorphology of Turkish Endemic Verbascum X splendidum Boiss. (Scrophulariaceae). Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 28(12), 10004- 10010.
  • [12] Aktas, K., Özdemir, C., & Özdemir, B. (2020). Morphology, Anatomy, Palynology and Seed Micromorphology of Turkish Endemic Verbascum exuberans Hub.-Mor. (Scrophulariaceae). Planta Daninha, v38:e020191125. doi: 10.1590/S0100-83582020380100003
  • [13] Baser, B. (2021). Pollen and Seed Morphology of Verbascum Species (Group D) (Scrophulariaceae) in Turkey. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 30(7), 8978-8987.
  • [14] Attar, F., Keshvari, A., Ghahreman, A., Zarre, S., & Aghabeigi, F. (2007). Micromorphological studies on Verbascum (Scrophulariaceae) in Iran with emphasis on seed surface, capsule ornamentation and trichomes. Flora, 202(2), 169-75.
  • [15] Kheiri, S., Khayami, M., & Mahmoudzadeh, A. (2009). Micromorphological and anatomical studies of certain species of Verbascum (Scrophulariaceae) in West Azerbaijan, Iran. Iran J Bot., 15, 105-13.
  • [16] Cabi, E., Baser, B., Yavru, A., Polat, F., Toprak, U., & Karaveliogulları, F.A. (2011). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and light microscope (LM) studies on the seed morphology of Verbascum taxa (Scrophulariaceae) and their systematic implications. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 5, 660-667.
  • [17] Alan, S., & Gökman, A.B. (2015). Investigation of morphological, morphometric and anatomical characteristics of endemic Verbascum orgyale Boiss. & Heldr. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 8(1), 94-103.
  • [18] Tekin, M., & Yılmaz, G. (2018). Anatomical and Palynological Studies on Endemic Verbascum weidemannianum Fisch. & Mey. (Scrophulariaceae) In Turkey. International Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and Life Science, 2(2), 6-15.
  • [19] Küçük, S., Elmaskaya, A., & Göktürk, R.S. (2021). Endemic Verbascum detersile Boiss. & Heldr.'s (Scrophulariaceae) Anatomical Features. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 14(3), 390-395. DOI:10.46309/biodicon.2020.863066.
  • [20] Kılıç Mungan, F., & Kılıç, M. (2023). Şanlıurfa'da yayılış gösteren endemik Verbascum stepporum Murb., ve Verbascum tenue Hub.-Mor., (Scrophulariaceae) türleri üzerinde anatomik araştırmalar. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 16(2) , 132-139. DOI: 10.46309/biodicon.2023.1252992
  • [21] Bozdağ, B., Kocabaş, O., Akyol, Y., & Özdemir, C. (2016). A New Staining Method for Hand-Cut in Plant Anatomy Studies. Marmara Pharm J., 20, 184-190. doi:10.12991/mpj.20162044231
  • [22] Erdtman, G. (1952). Pollen Morphology and Plant Taxonomy: Angiosperms. Massachusettes, USA, Chronica Botanica Co. [23] Wodehouse, R.P. (1935). Pollen Grains, their structure, identification and significance in sci-ence and medicine. New York, Hafner Publishing Company.
  • [24] Punt, W., Hoen, P.P., Blackmore, S., Nilsson, S., & Le Thomas, A. (2007). Glossary of pollen and spore terminology. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 143, 1-81.
  • [25] Lersten, N.R., & Curtis, J.D. 2001. Idioblasts and other unusual internal foliar secretory structures in Scrophulariaceae. Plant Syst. Evol., 227, 63-73.
There are 23 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Botany (Other), Plant and Fungus Systematics and Taxonomy
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Fatma Mungan Kılıç 0000-0001-6858-3458

Murat Kılıç 0000-0002-6408-9660

Project Number MAÜ.BAP.22.KMY.011
Early Pub Date January 18, 2024
Publication Date April 15, 2024
Submission Date September 27, 2023
Acceptance Date November 24, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 17 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Mungan Kılıç, F., & Kılıç, M. (2024). Anatomy, palynology and seed micromorphology of Turkish rare Verbascum racemiferum Boiss. & Hausskkn Ex Boiss. (Scrophulariaceae). Biological Diversity and Conservation, 17(1), 63-71. https://doi.org/10.46309/biodicon.2023.1367629

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