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Checklist of the louse flies or keds (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) of Türkiye

Year 2025, Volume: 18 Issue: 2, 103 - 108, 15.08.2025
https://doi.org/10.46309/biodicon.2025.1533596

Abstract

Checklist of the louse flies or keds (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) of Türkiye
Gökhan EREN
ORCID: 0000-0002-2109-5059

Artvin (Borkça) Directorate of Provincial Agriculture and Forestry, Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Artvin, Türkiye

Abstract
Hippoboscids, known as ‘louse flies’ or ‘keds’, are obligate and permanent bloodsucking flies that infest mammals and birds. The Hippoboscidae family includes more than 210 described species worldwide. In studies conducted in Türkiye, a total of eight Hippoboscid species have been reported: five species on mammalian hosts and three species on bird hosts. In this paper, a checklist of Hippoboscid flies (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) identified as a result of faunistic studies conducted in Türkiye is given.
Keywords: faunistic review, host-parasite associations, literature review.

References

  • [1] Hutson, A. M. (1984). Keds, flat-flies and bat-flies. Diptera, Hippoboscidae and Nycteribiidae. – Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects. London: UK: Royal Entomological Society.
  • [2] Dick, C. W. (2018). Checklist of World Hippoboscidae (Diptera: Hippoboscoidea). Department of Zoology, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL.
  • [3] Baker, J. R. (1967). A review of the role played by the Hippoboscidae (Diptera) as vectors of endoparasites. The Journal of Parasitology, 53, 412-418. https://doi.org/10.2307/3276603
  • [4] Bezerra-Santos, M. A. & Otranto, D. (2020). Keds, the enigmatic flies and their role as vectors of pathogens. Acta Tropica, 209, 105521. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105521
  • [5] Small, R. W. (2005). A review of Melophagus ovinus (L.), the sheep ked. Veterinary parasitology, 130, 141-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.03.005
  • [6] Reeves W. K., & Lloyd, J. E. (2019). Louse flies, keds, and related flies (Hippoboscoidea). In G. Mullen & L. Durden (Eds.), Medical and Veterinary Entomology (3rd ed., pp. 421-438). San Diego, CA: Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012510451-7/50019-0
  • [7] Maślanko, W., Szwaj, E., Gazda, M., & Bartosik, K. (2022). Hippobosca equina L. (Hippoboscidae: Hippobosca)-An Old Enemy as an Emerging Threat in the Palearctic Zone. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19, 16978. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416978
  • [8] Maa, T. C. (1969a). A Revised Checklist and Concise Host Index of Hippoboscidae (Diptera). Pacific Insects Monograph, 20, 261-299.
  • [9] Merdivenci, A. (1970). Türkiye Parazitleri ve Parazitolojik Yayınları. İstanbul Üniversitesi Cerrahpaşa Tıp Fakültesi Yayınları. İstanbul: Kutulmuş Matbaası.
  • [10] Dik, B., Ceylan, O., Ceylan, C., Tekindal, M. A., Semassel, A., Sönmez, G., & Derinbay Ekici, Ö. (2020). Ectoparasites of feral horses [Equus ferus caballus (Linnaeus., 1758)] on Karadağ Mountain, Karaman, Turkey. Journal of Parasitic Diseases, 44, 590-596. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-020-01234-4
  • [11] Zerek, A., Erdem, İ., & Yaman, M. (2020). Ectoparasites detected on a red fox (Vulpes vulpes Linnaeus, 1758) in Turkey and the first case of Hippobosca longipennis (Diptera: Hippoboscidae). Turkish Journal of Veterinary Research, 4, 99-101.
  • [12] Maślanko, W., Szwaj, E., Gazda, M., & Bartosik, K. (2022). Hippobosca equina L. (Hippoboscidae: Hippobosca)-An Old Enemy as an Emerging Threat in the Palearctic Zone. International Journal of Eenvironmental Research and Public Health, 19 (24), 16978. http://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416978
  • [13] Mihalca, A. D., Păstrav, I. R., Sándor, A. D., Deak, G., Gherman, C. M., Sarmaşi, A., & Votýpka, J. (2019). First report of the dog louse fly Hippobosca longipennis in Romania. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 33 (4), 530-535. https://doi.org/10.1111/mve.12395
  • [14] Eren, G., Açıcı, M., & Öztürk, M. (2021, February 26-28). Hippoboscid Infestation (Ornithomya avicularia, Hippoboscidae) on Longeared owl (Asio otus) from Turkey. Paper presented at the International Congress on Biological and Health Science, Türkiye. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.10224.79362
  • [15] Maa, T. C. (1964). On the genus Ornithomya Latreille from Africa (Diptera: Hippoboscidae). Journal of Medical Entomology, 1, 197-205.
  • [16] Maa, T. C. (1969b). Book Notice: Studies in Hippoboscidae (Diptera). Part 2 (Pacific Insects Monograph 20). Journal of Medical Entomology, 6, 146-146. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/6.2.146
  • [17] Nartshuk, E. P., Matyukhin, A. V., & Shokhrin, V. P. (2022). Parasitic Louse Flies (Diptera, Hippoboscidae) and Their Associations with Bird Hosts in the South of the Russian Far East. Entomological Review, 102, 367-376. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0013873822030083
  • [18] Oboňa, J., Sychra, O., Greš, S., Heřman, P., Manko, P., Roháček, J., Šestáková, A., Šlapák, J., & Hromada, M., (2019). A revised annotated checklist of louse flies (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) from Slovakia. Zookeys, 862: 129-152. http://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.862.25992
  • [19] Girişgin, O., Girişgin, A. O., Çimenlikaya, N. & Saygın, B. (2022). A Survey of the Ectoparasites Found on Wild Birds in Northwest Turkey. Indian Journal of Animal Research, 1, 7. https://doi.org/10.18805/IJAR.BF-1474.
  • [20] Nartshuk, E. P. & Matyukhin, A. V. (2019). The louse flies Ornithophila metallica (Schiner, 1864) and O. gestroi (Rondani, 1878) (Diptera, Hippoboscidae): distribution and association with birds in the Palaearctic. Entomological Review, 99, 504-507. http://doi.org/10.1134/S0013873819040092
  • [21] Gıcık, Y. (1999). Ankara ve Çevresinde Yaban Güvercinlerde Ektoparazitler. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 5, 71-74.
  • [22] Köroğlu, E. & Şimşek, S., (2001). Elazığ yöresi Güvercinlerinde (Columba livia) bulunan ektoparazitler ve yayılış oranları. Fırat Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi (Veteriner), 15, 195-198.
  • [23] Elmacıoğlu, S., Yaman, M., Zerek, A., Akküçük, Ş., Karagöz, M., & Erdem, İ. (2018). Ectoparasites of domestic pigeons (Columba livia domestica) in Antakya region. Turkish Journal of Veterinary Research, 2, 23-27. [24] Erdem, İ., Zerek, A., & Yaman, M. (2019). The first record Pseudolynchia canariensis (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) in an Eurasian eagle owl (Bubo bubo Linnaeus, 1758) in Turkey. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 25, 887-888. https://doi.org/10.9775/kvfd.2019.22882
  • [25] Gülanber, A., Tüzer, E., & Çetinkaya, H. (2002). Haemoproteus columbae infections and Pseudolynchia canariensis infestations in pigeons in İstanbul, Turkey. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 28, 227- 229.
  • [26] Dik, B. (2012). Türkiye’de ilk Ornithocheyletia hallae Smiley, 1970 (Acariformes: Actinedida: Cheyletidae) olgusu ve Pseudolynchia canariensis (Mcquart, 1840)(Diptera: Pupipara: Hippoboscidae)’lerdeki yaygınlığı. Türkiye Parazitoloji Dergisi, 36, 169-73. https://doi.org/10.5152/tpd.2012.40
  • [27] Aydın, G. (2009). Van’da İlk Kayıt Haemoproteus Hastalık Vektörü Pseudolynchia canariensis (Macquart, 1839) (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) "Güvercin Sineği". Yüzüncü Yıl University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 19, 49-55. [28] Sychra, O., Symes, C. T., Oschadleus, H. D., Halajian, A., Engelbrecht, D., De Swardt, D. H., & Papousek, I. (2020). Louse-flies (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) of birds from South Africa: prevalence and diversity. African Entomology, 28, 249-261. https://doi.org/10.4001/003.028.0249
  • [29] Maa, T. C. (1966). On the genus Pseudolynchia Bequaert. Pacific Insects Monograph, 10, 125-138.
  • [30] Girişgin, A. O., Çimenlikaya, N., Bah, S. A., Aydın, L., & Girişgin, O. (2018). Türkiye’de Bazı Yabani Memelilerde Bulunan Dış Parazit Türlerinin İlk Kayıtları. Uludağ University Journal of the Faculty Veterinary Medicine, 37, 133-136. https://doi.org/10.30782/uluvfd.405325
  • [31] Açıcı, M., Bölükbaş, C. S., Beyhan, Y. E., Pekmezci, G. Z., Gürler, A. T., & Umur, Ş. (2012). Ectoparasites on roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in Samsun, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, 36, 456-459. https://doi.org/10.3906/vet-1009-471
  • [32] Salvetti, M., Bianchi, A., Marangi, M., Barlaam, A., Giacomelli, S., Bertoletti, I., Roy, L., & Giangaspero, A. (2019). Deer keds on wild ungulates in northern Italy, with a taxonomic key for the identification of Lipoptena spp. of Europe. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 34, 74-85. https://doi.org/10.1111/mve.12411
  • [33] Keskin, A., Selçuk, A. Y., Kefelioğlu, H., & Beaucournu, J. C. (2020). Fleas (Insecta: Siphonaptera) collected from some small mammals (Mammalia: Rodentia, Eulipotyphla) in Turkey, with new records and new host associations. Acta Tropica, 208, 105522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105522
  • [34] Zerek, A., Erdem, I., Yaman, M., Altuğ, M., & Orkun, Ö. (2023). Ixodid ticks (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae) infesting wild animals in Hatay, Türkiye. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 29 (6), 641-647. http://doi.org/10.9775/kvfd.2023.30132
  • [35] Eren, G., Öztürk, M., Mironov, S. V., Nisbet, H. Ö., & Açıcı, M. (2023). New records of feather mites (Sarcoptiformes: Astigmata) from some birds in Türkiye. Acarological Studies, 5 (2), 58-68. http://doi.org/10.47121/acarolstud.1244323

Türkiye bit sineklerinin (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) kontrol listesi

Year 2025, Volume: 18 Issue: 2, 103 - 108, 15.08.2025
https://doi.org/10.46309/biodicon.2025.1533596

Abstract

Checklist of the louse flies or keds (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) of Türkiye
Gökhan EREN
ORCID: 0000-0002-2109-5059

Artvin (Borkça) Directorate of Provincial Agriculture and Forestry, Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Artvin, Türkiye

Abstract
Hippoboscids, known as ‘louse flies’ or ‘keds’, are obligate and permanent bloodsucking flies that infest mammals and birds. The Hippoboscidae family includes more than 210 described species worldwide. In studies conducted in Türkiye, a total of eight Hippoboscid species have been reported: five species on mammalian hosts and three species on bird hosts. In this paper, a checklist of Hippoboscid flies (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) identified as a result of faunistic studies conducted in Türkiye is given.
Keywords: faunistic review, host-parasite associations, literature review.

----------  ----------

Türkiye bit sineklerinin (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) kontrol listesi
Özet
Bit sinekleri olarak da bilinen hipoboscidler, memeli ve kuşlarda enfestasyona neden olan zorunlu - kalıcı kan emici eklembacaklılardır. Hippoboscidae ailesi dünya genelinde 210'dan fazla tanımlanmış türü içerir. Türkiye'de yapılan çalışmalarda memelilerde beş tür, kuşlarda üç tür olmak üzere toplamda sekiz Hippoboscid türü rapor edilmiştir. Bu derlemede Türkiye'de yapılan faunistik çalışmalar sonucunda tespit edilen Hippoboscid sineklerinin (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) bir kontrol listesi verilmektedir.
Anahtar kelimeler: faunistik inceleme, konak-parazit ilişkileri, literatür taraması.

References

  • [1] Hutson, A. M. (1984). Keds, flat-flies and bat-flies. Diptera, Hippoboscidae and Nycteribiidae. – Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects. London: UK: Royal Entomological Society.
  • [2] Dick, C. W. (2018). Checklist of World Hippoboscidae (Diptera: Hippoboscoidea). Department of Zoology, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL.
  • [3] Baker, J. R. (1967). A review of the role played by the Hippoboscidae (Diptera) as vectors of endoparasites. The Journal of Parasitology, 53, 412-418. https://doi.org/10.2307/3276603
  • [4] Bezerra-Santos, M. A. & Otranto, D. (2020). Keds, the enigmatic flies and their role as vectors of pathogens. Acta Tropica, 209, 105521. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105521
  • [5] Small, R. W. (2005). A review of Melophagus ovinus (L.), the sheep ked. Veterinary parasitology, 130, 141-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.03.005
  • [6] Reeves W. K., & Lloyd, J. E. (2019). Louse flies, keds, and related flies (Hippoboscoidea). In G. Mullen & L. Durden (Eds.), Medical and Veterinary Entomology (3rd ed., pp. 421-438). San Diego, CA: Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012510451-7/50019-0
  • [7] Maślanko, W., Szwaj, E., Gazda, M., & Bartosik, K. (2022). Hippobosca equina L. (Hippoboscidae: Hippobosca)-An Old Enemy as an Emerging Threat in the Palearctic Zone. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19, 16978. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416978
  • [8] Maa, T. C. (1969a). A Revised Checklist and Concise Host Index of Hippoboscidae (Diptera). Pacific Insects Monograph, 20, 261-299.
  • [9] Merdivenci, A. (1970). Türkiye Parazitleri ve Parazitolojik Yayınları. İstanbul Üniversitesi Cerrahpaşa Tıp Fakültesi Yayınları. İstanbul: Kutulmuş Matbaası.
  • [10] Dik, B., Ceylan, O., Ceylan, C., Tekindal, M. A., Semassel, A., Sönmez, G., & Derinbay Ekici, Ö. (2020). Ectoparasites of feral horses [Equus ferus caballus (Linnaeus., 1758)] on Karadağ Mountain, Karaman, Turkey. Journal of Parasitic Diseases, 44, 590-596. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-020-01234-4
  • [11] Zerek, A., Erdem, İ., & Yaman, M. (2020). Ectoparasites detected on a red fox (Vulpes vulpes Linnaeus, 1758) in Turkey and the first case of Hippobosca longipennis (Diptera: Hippoboscidae). Turkish Journal of Veterinary Research, 4, 99-101.
  • [12] Maślanko, W., Szwaj, E., Gazda, M., & Bartosik, K. (2022). Hippobosca equina L. (Hippoboscidae: Hippobosca)-An Old Enemy as an Emerging Threat in the Palearctic Zone. International Journal of Eenvironmental Research and Public Health, 19 (24), 16978. http://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416978
  • [13] Mihalca, A. D., Păstrav, I. R., Sándor, A. D., Deak, G., Gherman, C. M., Sarmaşi, A., & Votýpka, J. (2019). First report of the dog louse fly Hippobosca longipennis in Romania. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 33 (4), 530-535. https://doi.org/10.1111/mve.12395
  • [14] Eren, G., Açıcı, M., & Öztürk, M. (2021, February 26-28). Hippoboscid Infestation (Ornithomya avicularia, Hippoboscidae) on Longeared owl (Asio otus) from Turkey. Paper presented at the International Congress on Biological and Health Science, Türkiye. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.10224.79362
  • [15] Maa, T. C. (1964). On the genus Ornithomya Latreille from Africa (Diptera: Hippoboscidae). Journal of Medical Entomology, 1, 197-205.
  • [16] Maa, T. C. (1969b). Book Notice: Studies in Hippoboscidae (Diptera). Part 2 (Pacific Insects Monograph 20). Journal of Medical Entomology, 6, 146-146. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/6.2.146
  • [17] Nartshuk, E. P., Matyukhin, A. V., & Shokhrin, V. P. (2022). Parasitic Louse Flies (Diptera, Hippoboscidae) and Their Associations with Bird Hosts in the South of the Russian Far East. Entomological Review, 102, 367-376. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0013873822030083
  • [18] Oboňa, J., Sychra, O., Greš, S., Heřman, P., Manko, P., Roháček, J., Šestáková, A., Šlapák, J., & Hromada, M., (2019). A revised annotated checklist of louse flies (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) from Slovakia. Zookeys, 862: 129-152. http://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.862.25992
  • [19] Girişgin, O., Girişgin, A. O., Çimenlikaya, N. & Saygın, B. (2022). A Survey of the Ectoparasites Found on Wild Birds in Northwest Turkey. Indian Journal of Animal Research, 1, 7. https://doi.org/10.18805/IJAR.BF-1474.
  • [20] Nartshuk, E. P. & Matyukhin, A. V. (2019). The louse flies Ornithophila metallica (Schiner, 1864) and O. gestroi (Rondani, 1878) (Diptera, Hippoboscidae): distribution and association with birds in the Palaearctic. Entomological Review, 99, 504-507. http://doi.org/10.1134/S0013873819040092
  • [21] Gıcık, Y. (1999). Ankara ve Çevresinde Yaban Güvercinlerde Ektoparazitler. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 5, 71-74.
  • [22] Köroğlu, E. & Şimşek, S., (2001). Elazığ yöresi Güvercinlerinde (Columba livia) bulunan ektoparazitler ve yayılış oranları. Fırat Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi (Veteriner), 15, 195-198.
  • [23] Elmacıoğlu, S., Yaman, M., Zerek, A., Akküçük, Ş., Karagöz, M., & Erdem, İ. (2018). Ectoparasites of domestic pigeons (Columba livia domestica) in Antakya region. Turkish Journal of Veterinary Research, 2, 23-27. [24] Erdem, İ., Zerek, A., & Yaman, M. (2019). The first record Pseudolynchia canariensis (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) in an Eurasian eagle owl (Bubo bubo Linnaeus, 1758) in Turkey. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 25, 887-888. https://doi.org/10.9775/kvfd.2019.22882
  • [25] Gülanber, A., Tüzer, E., & Çetinkaya, H. (2002). Haemoproteus columbae infections and Pseudolynchia canariensis infestations in pigeons in İstanbul, Turkey. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 28, 227- 229.
  • [26] Dik, B. (2012). Türkiye’de ilk Ornithocheyletia hallae Smiley, 1970 (Acariformes: Actinedida: Cheyletidae) olgusu ve Pseudolynchia canariensis (Mcquart, 1840)(Diptera: Pupipara: Hippoboscidae)’lerdeki yaygınlığı. Türkiye Parazitoloji Dergisi, 36, 169-73. https://doi.org/10.5152/tpd.2012.40
  • [27] Aydın, G. (2009). Van’da İlk Kayıt Haemoproteus Hastalık Vektörü Pseudolynchia canariensis (Macquart, 1839) (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) "Güvercin Sineği". Yüzüncü Yıl University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 19, 49-55. [28] Sychra, O., Symes, C. T., Oschadleus, H. D., Halajian, A., Engelbrecht, D., De Swardt, D. H., & Papousek, I. (2020). Louse-flies (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) of birds from South Africa: prevalence and diversity. African Entomology, 28, 249-261. https://doi.org/10.4001/003.028.0249
  • [29] Maa, T. C. (1966). On the genus Pseudolynchia Bequaert. Pacific Insects Monograph, 10, 125-138.
  • [30] Girişgin, A. O., Çimenlikaya, N., Bah, S. A., Aydın, L., & Girişgin, O. (2018). Türkiye’de Bazı Yabani Memelilerde Bulunan Dış Parazit Türlerinin İlk Kayıtları. Uludağ University Journal of the Faculty Veterinary Medicine, 37, 133-136. https://doi.org/10.30782/uluvfd.405325
  • [31] Açıcı, M., Bölükbaş, C. S., Beyhan, Y. E., Pekmezci, G. Z., Gürler, A. T., & Umur, Ş. (2012). Ectoparasites on roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in Samsun, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, 36, 456-459. https://doi.org/10.3906/vet-1009-471
  • [32] Salvetti, M., Bianchi, A., Marangi, M., Barlaam, A., Giacomelli, S., Bertoletti, I., Roy, L., & Giangaspero, A. (2019). Deer keds on wild ungulates in northern Italy, with a taxonomic key for the identification of Lipoptena spp. of Europe. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 34, 74-85. https://doi.org/10.1111/mve.12411
  • [33] Keskin, A., Selçuk, A. Y., Kefelioğlu, H., & Beaucournu, J. C. (2020). Fleas (Insecta: Siphonaptera) collected from some small mammals (Mammalia: Rodentia, Eulipotyphla) in Turkey, with new records and new host associations. Acta Tropica, 208, 105522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105522
  • [34] Zerek, A., Erdem, I., Yaman, M., Altuğ, M., & Orkun, Ö. (2023). Ixodid ticks (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae) infesting wild animals in Hatay, Türkiye. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 29 (6), 641-647. http://doi.org/10.9775/kvfd.2023.30132
  • [35] Eren, G., Öztürk, M., Mironov, S. V., Nisbet, H. Ö., & Açıcı, M. (2023). New records of feather mites (Sarcoptiformes: Astigmata) from some birds in Türkiye. Acarological Studies, 5 (2), 58-68. http://doi.org/10.47121/acarolstud.1244323
There are 33 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Animal Systematics and Taxonomy, Microbiology (Other), Veterinary Medicine
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Gökhan Eren 0000-0002-2109-5059

Early Pub Date May 21, 2025
Publication Date August 15, 2025
Submission Date August 18, 2024
Acceptance Date October 28, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 18 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Eren, G. (2025). Checklist of the louse flies or keds (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) of Türkiye. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 18(2), 103-108. https://doi.org/10.46309/biodicon.2025.1533596

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❖  Correspondence Address:: Prof. Ersin YÜCEL, Sazova Mahallesi, Ziraat Caddesi, No.277 F Blok, 26005 Tepebaşı-Eskişehir/Türkiye
E-mail: biodicon@gmail.com;
❖ Web Address: http://www.biodicon.com;  https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/biodicon
❖ Biological Diversity and Conservation
❖ ISSN 1308-5301 Print; ISSN 1308-8084 Online
Publication Start Date 2008
© Copyright by Biological Diversity and Conservation/Biyolojik Çeşitlilik ve Koruma;  Available online at www.biodicon.com. All rights reserved.
. ❖ Publisher: ERSİN YÜCEL (https://www.ersinyucel.com.tr)
❖ This Journal is published three times a year. It is printed in Eskişehir, Türkiye.
❖ The authors are solely responsible for the articles published in this Journal .
Editör  : Prof.Dr. Ersin YÜCEL, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8274-7578