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Ihlamurun(Tilia spp.) Rize ilinde agroforestry uygulamalarındaki önemi

Year 2025, Volume: 18 Issue: 3, 307 - 320
https://doi.org/10.46309/biodicon.2025.1654861

Abstract

Amaç: Ihlamur, tarımsal ormancılık uygulamalarında kullanım potansiyeli olan önemli ağaç türlerimizdendir. Rize yöresinde araştırma alanında yapılan gözlemlerde Tilia rubra DC. ve Tilia platyphyllos Scop. türlerinin yetiştirildiği görülmüştür. Ihlamurun(Tilia spp.) agroforestry uygulamalarındaki kullanılabilirliğinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Metot: Bu çalışmada, Rize yöresinde beş ilçede (Pazar, Hemşin, Çayeli, Ardeşen, Çamlıhemşin) toplam 32 köy ve mahallede anket esasına dayalı olarak ıhlamurun tarımsal ormancılık uygulamalarında kullanılabilirliği araştırılmıştır. Anket uygulanan haneler gönüllülük esasına dayalı olarak rastgele seçilmiştir.
Bulgular: Yörede ıhlamurun farklı kullanımlarına bakıldığında; ıhlamurdan yemlik yaprak yararlanması %90.4 ile ilk sırada, %84.9 ile yapacak- yakacak odun yararlanması 2. sırada, %83.6 ile çiçeği için yetiştirilmesi 3. sırada olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ihlamur ağacı dikimi için yöre halkı herhangi bir bakı tercih etmemektedir.
Sonuç: Ihlamur ağaçları, tarımsal amaçlar için kullanılmayan boş yerlere, dere ve ırmak kenarlarına, tarımsal ürünlerin etrafında şeritler halinde ve de diğer tarımsal ürünler ile birlikte iç içe kültivasyon yöntemi ile dikilmektedir. Ihlamurun %79.4 ile en fazla oranda tarım ürünleri etrafında yetiştirildiği tespit edilmiştir. Bu dikim şekli; başka ağaçların gölge etkisi ile yörenin ana tarım ürünü olan çayın verim düşüklüğüne uğramasını önlemektedir. Bu sayede ıhlamurdan çok yönlü yararlanma gerçekleşmektedir. İkinci en sık yetiştirmeyi ise %49.3 ile diğer ağaç türleri ile karışık dikim oluşturmuştur. Yöre halkı bilinçli arazi kullanımı konusunda eğitilmelidir. Ihlamurun çok yönlü yararları dikkate alınarak tarımsal ormancılık uygulama teknikleri ile planlı dikimi yaygınlaştırılmalıdır. Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi’nde ıhlamur ağacı iyi gelişme gösterdiğinden üzerinde önemle durulması gereken ve ticari amaçlar için daha fazla yetiştirilmesi gereken bir ağaçtır. Yetiştiriciliği devlet tarafından desteklenmelidir. Böylece, ormanlar üzerindeki sosyal baskının azalmasına, toprağın korunmasına, yöre insanının ekonomik olarak güçlenmesine ve kırsal kalkınmaya katkı sağlanacaktır.

References

  • [1] Güner, A., Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural M., Babaç, M. T. (2012). A Checklist of the Flora of Turkey (Vascular Plants) İstanbul: ANG Flora Research Association.
  • [2] Dilmaç, E., Demirci, B., Öztürk G., Gürbüz İ. (2023). Essential Oil Composition of Tilia rubra subsp. caucasica (Rupr.) V.Engl. Inflorescences Growing in Rize, Lokman Hekim Magazine, 13(2): 453-458. DOİ: https://doi.org/10.31020/mutftd.1265933.
  • [3] Tanrıkulu, N. (2024). Comparative research of findings of some medicinal plants in tradiotional medicine, folk medicine, and scientific studies, Biological Diversity and Conservation, 17(3): 267-280. DOİ: https://doi.org/10.46309/biodicon.2024.1232520
  • [4] Turna, İ., Atar, F., Güney, D., & Turna, H. (2024). Use of windbreaks as an agroforestry application in agricultural areas, Journal of Forestry Research, 11: 1, 65-80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17568/ogmoad.1457661.
  • [5] Kurt, R., Karayilmaz, S., Imren, E., & Cabuk, Y. (2016). Non-Wood Forest Products in Turkish Forestry Sector: Export Analysis, Bartin Faculty of Forestry Journal, 18(2), 158-167. Doi: 10.24011/barofd.267289.
  • [6] Güven, O., (2017). Analysis of Rural Development Policies in Türkiye, Academic View Journal, Issue: 63, 209-227. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/437580.
  • [7] Ranjitkar, S., Ayub, M., Bhuju, U. R., & Sujakhu, N. M. (2024). Promoting sustainable agriculture in Devdaha Municipality, Nepal: leveraging agroforestry to address challenges and enhance food security, Circular Agricultural Systems, 4:e013,doi: https://doi.org/10.48130/cas-0024-0012.
  • [8] URL1, https://www.soilassociation.org/causes-campaigns/agroforestry/what-is-agroforestry/ access date 28.11.2024
  • [9] URL2, https://www.worldagroforestry.org/about/agroforestry access date 28.11.2024
  • [10] Ayberk, S. (1988). Definition, scope, application and opinions of agroforestry, poplar and fast growing alien species forest trees. Journal of Research Institute, 2. İzmit.
  • [11] Küçükkaya, A. (1995, 23-25 Ekim). Agroforestry. Paper presented at the 1st national forestry congress, Trabzon.
  • [12] Kamiloğlu, M.Y. (1987). Agroforestry in India, Journal of Forest Engineering, Issue 3, Ankara.
  • [13] Sağkaya, A., & Kamiloğlu, M.Y. (1987). Mixed Systems in Forestry, Ankara: Chamber of Forest Engineers Publication No:10.
  • [14] OGM, (2017). Forestry from 1839 to today, Ankara: CTA Ltd. Şti.
  • [15] Şefik, Y. (1995). Agroforestry, Trabzon: Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Forestry Publication.
  • [16] Parmaksızoğlu Yan, R., & Kulaç, Ş. (2023). The effects of different grafting methods and times on the success of graft success in some Linden (Tilia sp.) species, D.Ü Forestry Journal, 19(2), 283-294, https://doi: 10.58816/duzceod.1323454.
  • [17] Anşin, R., & Özkan, Z. C. (1993). Seed Plants, Trabzon: Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Forestry Publication.
  • [18] Tuttu, G., Ursavaş, S., & Söyler, R. (2017) Harvest amounts and ethnobotanical uses of Linden flowers in Turkey. Anatolian Forest Research Journal, 3 (1) 60-66. (https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/346471). access date 29.11.2024
  • [19] Ata, C., & Demirci, A. (1992). Basic Principles of Silviculture, Trabzon: Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Forestry Publication.
  • [20] Yahyaoğlu, Z. (1993). Seed Technology and Nursery Technique, Trabzon: Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Forestry Publication.

The importance of Linden(Tilia spp.) in agroforestry practices in Rize province

Year 2025, Volume: 18 Issue: 3, 307 - 320
https://doi.org/10.46309/biodicon.2025.1654861

Abstract

Purpose: Linden is one of the significant tree species that has the potential to be used in agricultural forestry practices. In the observations made in the research area, the Rize region, it was observed that Tilia rubra DC. and Tilia platyphyllos Scop. species were being cultivated. This study aims to evaluate the potential utilization of linden (Tilia spp.) in agroforestry practices.
Method: In this study, the usability of linden in agroforestry practices were investigated based on a survey conducted in 32 villages and neighborhoods across five districts (Pazar, Hemşin, Çayeli, Ardeşen, Çamlıhemşin) of the Rize region. The surveyed householders were randomly selected from among those who volunteered.
Findings: When examining the various uses of linden in the region, it was determined that the utilization of linden for fodder leaves ranks first at 90.4%, followed by its use as timber and fuelwood at 84.9%, and cultivation for its flowers at 83.6%. The local people do not prefer any specific aspect for the planting of linden trees.
Conclusion: Linden trees are planted on lands that are not used for agricultural purposes, along streams and rivers, in strip patterns around agricultural crops, and intercropped with other agricultural products using integrated cultivation methods. It has been determined that Linden is most commonly cultivated around agricultural crops, at a rate of 79.4%. This planting pattern prevents yield reduction of the region’s main crop, tea, caused by the shading effect of other trees. Thus, it enables the multifunctional utilization of Linden. The second most common cultivation practice, at 49.3%, is mixed planting with other tree species. Local people should be educated on conscious land use. Considering the multifunctional benefits of Linden, its planned cultivation should be expanded through agroforestry practices. Since the Linden tree exhibits vigorous growth in the Eastern Black Sea Region, it is a tree that should be emphasized and cultivated more for commercial purposes. The cultivation of Linden should be supported by the state which would contribute to reducing social pressure on forests, protecting the soil, strengthening the economic position of the local population, and fostering rural development.

References

  • [1] Güner, A., Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural M., Babaç, M. T. (2012). A Checklist of the Flora of Turkey (Vascular Plants) İstanbul: ANG Flora Research Association.
  • [2] Dilmaç, E., Demirci, B., Öztürk G., Gürbüz İ. (2023). Essential Oil Composition of Tilia rubra subsp. caucasica (Rupr.) V.Engl. Inflorescences Growing in Rize, Lokman Hekim Magazine, 13(2): 453-458. DOİ: https://doi.org/10.31020/mutftd.1265933.
  • [3] Tanrıkulu, N. (2024). Comparative research of findings of some medicinal plants in tradiotional medicine, folk medicine, and scientific studies, Biological Diversity and Conservation, 17(3): 267-280. DOİ: https://doi.org/10.46309/biodicon.2024.1232520
  • [4] Turna, İ., Atar, F., Güney, D., & Turna, H. (2024). Use of windbreaks as an agroforestry application in agricultural areas, Journal of Forestry Research, 11: 1, 65-80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17568/ogmoad.1457661.
  • [5] Kurt, R., Karayilmaz, S., Imren, E., & Cabuk, Y. (2016). Non-Wood Forest Products in Turkish Forestry Sector: Export Analysis, Bartin Faculty of Forestry Journal, 18(2), 158-167. Doi: 10.24011/barofd.267289.
  • [6] Güven, O., (2017). Analysis of Rural Development Policies in Türkiye, Academic View Journal, Issue: 63, 209-227. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/437580.
  • [7] Ranjitkar, S., Ayub, M., Bhuju, U. R., & Sujakhu, N. M. (2024). Promoting sustainable agriculture in Devdaha Municipality, Nepal: leveraging agroforestry to address challenges and enhance food security, Circular Agricultural Systems, 4:e013,doi: https://doi.org/10.48130/cas-0024-0012.
  • [8] URL1, https://www.soilassociation.org/causes-campaigns/agroforestry/what-is-agroforestry/ access date 28.11.2024
  • [9] URL2, https://www.worldagroforestry.org/about/agroforestry access date 28.11.2024
  • [10] Ayberk, S. (1988). Definition, scope, application and opinions of agroforestry, poplar and fast growing alien species forest trees. Journal of Research Institute, 2. İzmit.
  • [11] Küçükkaya, A. (1995, 23-25 Ekim). Agroforestry. Paper presented at the 1st national forestry congress, Trabzon.
  • [12] Kamiloğlu, M.Y. (1987). Agroforestry in India, Journal of Forest Engineering, Issue 3, Ankara.
  • [13] Sağkaya, A., & Kamiloğlu, M.Y. (1987). Mixed Systems in Forestry, Ankara: Chamber of Forest Engineers Publication No:10.
  • [14] OGM, (2017). Forestry from 1839 to today, Ankara: CTA Ltd. Şti.
  • [15] Şefik, Y. (1995). Agroforestry, Trabzon: Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Forestry Publication.
  • [16] Parmaksızoğlu Yan, R., & Kulaç, Ş. (2023). The effects of different grafting methods and times on the success of graft success in some Linden (Tilia sp.) species, D.Ü Forestry Journal, 19(2), 283-294, https://doi: 10.58816/duzceod.1323454.
  • [17] Anşin, R., & Özkan, Z. C. (1993). Seed Plants, Trabzon: Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Forestry Publication.
  • [18] Tuttu, G., Ursavaş, S., & Söyler, R. (2017) Harvest amounts and ethnobotanical uses of Linden flowers in Turkey. Anatolian Forest Research Journal, 3 (1) 60-66. (https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/346471). access date 29.11.2024
  • [19] Ata, C., & Demirci, A. (1992). Basic Principles of Silviculture, Trabzon: Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Forestry Publication.
  • [20] Yahyaoğlu, Z. (1993). Seed Technology and Nursery Technique, Trabzon: Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Forestry Publication.
There are 20 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Forest Ecosystems, Forestry Sciences (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Mahmut Kemal Yazar 0009-0007-8473-5969

Melike Yazar 0000-0003-3659-9126

Early Pub Date September 25, 2025
Publication Date October 6, 2025
Submission Date March 10, 2025
Acceptance Date June 2, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 18 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Yazar, M. K., & Yazar, M. (2025). The importance of Linden(Tilia spp.) in agroforestry practices in Rize province. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 18(3), 307-320. https://doi.org/10.46309/biodicon.2025.1654861

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