Bu çalışma, Kayseri’deki Koramaz Vadisi’nin makromantar çeşitliliğini, geleneksel morfolojik yaklaşımlar ile ITS gen bölgesi hedefli moleküler DNA barkodlama yöntemlerini birleştirerek belgelemeyi ve tanımlamayı amaçlamıştır. Dünya genelinde yaklaşık 144.000 mantar türü tanımlanmış olsa da, gerçek tür sayısının 2,2 ila 3,8 milyon arasında olduğu tahmin edilmektedir; bu da, Türkiye gibi mikobiyotasının henüz tam olarak ortaya konmadığı bölgelerde keşfedilmemiş büyük bir çeşitliliğe işaret etmektedir. UNESCO Dünya Mirası Geçici Listesi’nde yer alan ve eşsiz ekosistemlere sahip Koramaz Vadisi, daha önce moleküler tabanlı makromantar araştırmalarına konu olmamıştır.
Arazi çalışmalarında, makromantar örnekleri sistematik olarak toplanmış ve ekolojik-morfolojik özellikleri ayrıntılı biçimde kaydedilmiştir. Kurutulmuş örneklerden DNA izole edilmiş, ITS bölgesi çoğaltılıp dizilenmiş ve elde edilen veriler BLAST ile referans dizilerle karşılaştırılarak filogenetik analizler (MEGA’da Maksimum Olasılık yöntemiyle) yapılmıştır. Tür teşhisinde morfolojik ve moleküler veriler birlikte değerlendirilmiştir.
Sonuç olarak, dört makromantar türü Coprinellus saccharinus (Romagn.) P. Roux, Guy García & Dumas, Coprinellus truncorum (Scop.) Redhead, Vilgalys & Moncalvo, Fomes inzengae (Ces. & De Not.) Cooke ve Lepista ricekii Bon moleküler kanıta dayalı olarak Türkiye’den ilk kez kaydedilmiştir. Her bir cins için oluşturulan filogenetik ağaçlarda, örneklerin teşhisi ve konumlandırılması için yüksek bootstrap desteği elde edilmiş, bazı örneklerin referans taksonlara yakın ancak farklı ilişkiler gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Bulgular, ITS bölgesinin tür düzeyinde ayırt edici gücünü ve mantar taksonomisinde moleküler yaklaşımların gerekliliğini ortaya koymaktadır.
Sonuç olarak bu çalışma, Koramaz Vadisi ve Türkiye’nin bilinen makromantar çeşitliliğini önemli ölçüde genişletmiş; keşif, dokümantasyon ve koruma için moleküler ve morfolojik yöntemlerin entegrasyonunun vazgeçilmezliğini göstermiştir. Ayrıca bölgede yeni türlerin bulunabileceğine işaret etmektedir.
FBA-2023-12419
Abstract
This study aimed to document and identify the macrofungal diversity of Koramaz Valley (Kayseri, Türkiye) by integrating traditional morphological approaches with molecular DNA barcoding, specifically targeting the ITS gene region. While approximately 144,000 fungal species have been described worldwide, the actual number is estimated at 2.2 to 3.8 million, indicating vast undiscovered diversity—especially in regions such as Türkiye, where the mycobiota remains incompletely cataloged. The Koramaz Valley, noted for its unique ecosystems and presence on the UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List, had not previously been the subject of molecular-based macrofungal investigations.
Fieldwork involved the systematic collection and photographic documentation of macrofungal specimens, with detailed recording of ecological and morphological features. DNA was extracted from dried samples, the ITS region amplified and sequenced, and the resulting data compared to reference sequences using BLAST and phylogenetic analyses (Maximum Likelihood in MEGA). Morphological and molecular data were integrated to achieve reliable species identification.
As a result, four macrofungal species—Coprinellus saccharinus (Romagn.) P. Roux, Guy García & Dumas, Coprinellus truncorum (Scop.) Redhead, Vilgalys & Moncalvo, Fomes inzengae (Ces. & De Not.) Cooke and Lepista ricekii Bon—were recorded for the first time in Türkiye based on molecular evidence. Phylogenetic trees constructed for each genus revealed strong bootstrap support for the identification and placement of the studied specimens, with some samples demonstrating close but distinct relationships to reference taxa. These findings highlight the effectiveness of the ITS region in resolving species-level relationships and underscore the need for molecular approaches in fungal taxonomy.
In conclusion, the study significantly expands the known macrofungal diversity of Koramaz Valley and Türkiye. It demonstrates the indispensable role of integrating molecular and morphological methods in the discovery, documentation, and conservation of regional fungal biodiversity, and indicates the potential for novel species in the area.
This study does not involve any human participants or animals. All necessary permissions for collecting and analyzing macrofungal samples from Koramaz Valley were obtained from the relevant authorities.
Erciyes University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit (BAP)
FBA-2023-12419
This study was supported by the Erciyes University Scientific Research Projects Unit under the project code FBA-2023-12419.
Primary Language | English |
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Subjects | Plant and Fungus Systematics and Taxonomy, Evolutionary Biology (Other) |
Journal Section | Research Articles |
Authors | |
Project Number | FBA-2023-12419 |
Early Pub Date | October 2, 2025 |
Publication Date | October 6, 2025 |
Submission Date | July 1, 2025 |
Acceptance Date | September 30, 2025 |
Published in Issue | Year 2025 Volume: 18 Issue: 3 |
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❖ Biological Diversity and Conservation
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