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Türkiye Mikobiyotasına Katkı: Koramaz Vadisi’nden Moleküler Yöntemlerle Yeni Makromantar Kayıtları

Year 2025, Volume: 18 Issue: 3, 410 - 415
https://doi.org/10.46309/biodicon.2025.1732263

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Kayseri’deki Koramaz Vadisi’nin makromantar çeşitliliğini, geleneksel morfolojik yaklaşımlar ile ITS gen bölgesi hedefli moleküler DNA barkodlama yöntemlerini birleştirerek belgelemeyi ve tanımlamayı amaçlamıştır. Dünya genelinde yaklaşık 144.000 mantar türü tanımlanmış olsa da, gerçek tür sayısının 2,2 ila 3,8 milyon arasında olduğu tahmin edilmektedir; bu da, Türkiye gibi mikobiyotasının henüz tam olarak ortaya konmadığı bölgelerde keşfedilmemiş büyük bir çeşitliliğe işaret etmektedir. UNESCO Dünya Mirası Geçici Listesi’nde yer alan ve eşsiz ekosistemlere sahip Koramaz Vadisi, daha önce moleküler tabanlı makromantar araştırmalarına konu olmamıştır.
Arazi çalışmalarında, makromantar örnekleri sistematik olarak toplanmış ve ekolojik-morfolojik özellikleri ayrıntılı biçimde kaydedilmiştir. Kurutulmuş örneklerden DNA izole edilmiş, ITS bölgesi çoğaltılıp dizilenmiş ve elde edilen veriler BLAST ile referans dizilerle karşılaştırılarak filogenetik analizler (MEGA’da Maksimum Olasılık yöntemiyle) yapılmıştır. Tür teşhisinde morfolojik ve moleküler veriler birlikte değerlendirilmiştir.
Sonuç olarak, dört makromantar türü Coprinellus saccharinus (Romagn.) P. Roux, Guy García & Dumas, Coprinellus truncorum (Scop.) Redhead, Vilgalys & Moncalvo, Fomes inzengae (Ces. & De Not.) Cooke ve Lepista ricekii Bon moleküler kanıta dayalı olarak Türkiye’den ilk kez kaydedilmiştir. Her bir cins için oluşturulan filogenetik ağaçlarda, örneklerin teşhisi ve konumlandırılması için yüksek bootstrap desteği elde edilmiş, bazı örneklerin referans taksonlara yakın ancak farklı ilişkiler gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Bulgular, ITS bölgesinin tür düzeyinde ayırt edici gücünü ve mantar taksonomisinde moleküler yaklaşımların gerekliliğini ortaya koymaktadır.
Sonuç olarak bu çalışma, Koramaz Vadisi ve Türkiye’nin bilinen makromantar çeşitliliğini önemli ölçüde genişletmiş; keşif, dokümantasyon ve koruma için moleküler ve morfolojik yöntemlerin entegrasyonunun vazgeçilmezliğini göstermiştir. Ayrıca bölgede yeni türlerin bulunabileceğine işaret etmektedir.

Project Number

FBA-2023-12419

References

  • [1] Hawksworth, D. L., & Lücking, R. (2017). Fungal diversity revisited: 2.2 to 3.8 million species. Microbiology spectrum, 5(4), 5-4. doi: 10.1128/microbiolspec. FUNK-0052-2016
  • [2] Solak, M. H., Işıloğlu, M., Kalmış, E., Allı, H. (2007). Macrofungi of Turkey Checklist. Üniversiteliler Ofset.
  • [3] Sesli, E., Denchev, C. M. (2010). Checklists of the myxomycetes, larger ascomycetes and larger basidiomycetes in Turkey. Mycotaxon 106, 65–67.
  • [4] Allı H, Çöl, B, Şen İ (2017). Macrofungi biodiversity of Kütahya (Turkey) province. Biological Diversity and Conservation 10/1: 133-143.
  • [5] Sesli, E., Asan, A., Selçuk, F. (eds), Abacı Günyar, Ö., Akata, I., Akgül, H., “…” Yoltaş, A. (2020). Türkiye Mantarları Listesi. Ali Nihat Gökyiğit Vakfı Yayını.
  • [6] Kıvrık, M., Süfer, Ö., & Bozok, F. (2022). A Research on Quality Evaluation of Eight Wild Edible Macrofungi Collected from East Mediterranean Region of Turkey. Chemistry & Biodiversity, 19(3), e202100967. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.202100967
  • [7] Allı, H. (2021). Macrofungi of Koramaz Valley (Melikgazi, Kayseri, Türkiye) and its surroundings. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, 6(4), 556–566. https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.986493
  • [8] Gardes, M. & Bruns, T. D. (1993). ITS primers with enhanced specificity for basidiomycetes‐application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts. Molecular ecology, 2(2), 113-118. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.1993.tb00005.x
  • [9] White, T., Bruns, T., Lee, S. & Taylor, J. (1990). Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications, 18(1), 315-322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1
  • [10] Hall, TA. (1999). BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucl. Acids Symposium Series, 41: 95-98.
  • [11] Kumar, S., Stecher, G., & Tamura, K. (2016). MEGA7: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets. Molecular biology and evolution, 33(7), 1870-1874. doi: 10.1093/molbev/msw054
  • [12] Roux, P., García, G., & Dumas, M. (2006). Description de quelques Coprinus rares ou nouveaux de France. Documents Mycologiques, 35(138–139), 1–18.
  • [13] Redhead, S. A., Vilgalys, R., Moncalvo, J.-M., Johnson, J., & Hopple, J. S. (2001). Coprinus Pers. and the disposition of Coprinus species sensu lato. Taxon, 50(1), 203–241. https://doi.org/10.2307/1224525
  • [14] Blackwell, W. H., 1988. Po Benjamin, D. R. (1995). Mushrooms: Poisons and Panaceas – A Handbook for Naturalists, Mycologists and Physicians. New York: W.H. Freeman and Company.
  • [15] Nagy, L. G., Vágvölgyi, C., & Papp, T. (2013). Morphological characterization of clades of the Psathyrellaceae (Agaricales) inferred from a multigene phylogeny. Mycological Progress, 12, 505-517. Doi: 10.1007/s11557-012-0857-3
  • [16] Nagy, L. G., Urban, A., Örstadius, L., & Papp, T. (2012). The evolution of autodigestion in the ink-cap mushrooms (Coprinaceae). Mycologia, 104(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3852/11-083
  • [17] Phillips, R. (2006). Mushrooms. A comprehensive guide with over 1250 detailed photographs of mushrooms and other fungi. London: Pan Macmillan ltd. 384 p.
  • [18] Tomšovský, M., Kaeochulsri, S., Kudláček, T., & Dálya, L. B. (2023). Ecological, morphological and phylogenetic survey of Fomes fomentarius and F. inzengae (Agaricomycetes, Polyporaceae) co-occurring in the same geographic area in Central Europe. Mycological Progress,22(12), 79. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-023-01928-y
  • [19] Halıcı, M. G., & Güllü, M. (2023). A macrofungus taxon that is commonly eaten by the folk in Central Anatolia but never reported from Türkiye: Agaricus pequinii (Boud.) Konrad & Maubl. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 17(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.46309/biodicon.2023.1252319

Contribution to the mycobiota of Türkiye: New macrofungal records from Koramaz Valley revealed by molecular methods

Year 2025, Volume: 18 Issue: 3, 410 - 415
https://doi.org/10.46309/biodicon.2025.1732263

Abstract

Abstract
This study aimed to document and identify the macrofungal diversity of Koramaz Valley (Kayseri, Türkiye) by integrating traditional morphological approaches with molecular DNA barcoding, specifically targeting the ITS gene region. While approximately 144,000 fungal species have been described worldwide, the actual number is estimated at 2.2 to 3.8 million, indicating vast undiscovered diversity—especially in regions such as Türkiye, where the mycobiota remains incompletely cataloged. The Koramaz Valley, noted for its unique ecosystems and presence on the UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List, had not previously been the subject of molecular-based macrofungal investigations.
Fieldwork involved the systematic collection and photographic documentation of macrofungal specimens, with detailed recording of ecological and morphological features. DNA was extracted from dried samples, the ITS region amplified and sequenced, and the resulting data compared to reference sequences using BLAST and phylogenetic analyses (Maximum Likelihood in MEGA). Morphological and molecular data were integrated to achieve reliable species identification.
As a result, four macrofungal species—Coprinellus saccharinus (Romagn.) P. Roux, Guy García & Dumas, Coprinellus truncorum (Scop.) Redhead, Vilgalys & Moncalvo, Fomes inzengae (Ces. & De Not.) Cooke and Lepista ricekii Bon—were recorded for the first time in Türkiye based on molecular evidence. Phylogenetic trees constructed for each genus revealed strong bootstrap support for the identification and placement of the studied specimens, with some samples demonstrating close but distinct relationships to reference taxa. These findings highlight the effectiveness of the ITS region in resolving species-level relationships and underscore the need for molecular approaches in fungal taxonomy.
In conclusion, the study significantly expands the known macrofungal diversity of Koramaz Valley and Türkiye. It demonstrates the indispensable role of integrating molecular and morphological methods in the discovery, documentation, and conservation of regional fungal biodiversity, and indicates the potential for novel species in the area.

Ethical Statement

This study does not involve any human participants or animals. All necessary permissions for collecting and analyzing macrofungal samples from Koramaz Valley were obtained from the relevant authorities.

Supporting Institution

Erciyes University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit (BAP)

Project Number

FBA-2023-12419

Thanks

This study was supported by the Erciyes University Scientific Research Projects Unit under the project code FBA-2023-12419.

References

  • [1] Hawksworth, D. L., & Lücking, R. (2017). Fungal diversity revisited: 2.2 to 3.8 million species. Microbiology spectrum, 5(4), 5-4. doi: 10.1128/microbiolspec. FUNK-0052-2016
  • [2] Solak, M. H., Işıloğlu, M., Kalmış, E., Allı, H. (2007). Macrofungi of Turkey Checklist. Üniversiteliler Ofset.
  • [3] Sesli, E., Denchev, C. M. (2010). Checklists of the myxomycetes, larger ascomycetes and larger basidiomycetes in Turkey. Mycotaxon 106, 65–67.
  • [4] Allı H, Çöl, B, Şen İ (2017). Macrofungi biodiversity of Kütahya (Turkey) province. Biological Diversity and Conservation 10/1: 133-143.
  • [5] Sesli, E., Asan, A., Selçuk, F. (eds), Abacı Günyar, Ö., Akata, I., Akgül, H., “…” Yoltaş, A. (2020). Türkiye Mantarları Listesi. Ali Nihat Gökyiğit Vakfı Yayını.
  • [6] Kıvrık, M., Süfer, Ö., & Bozok, F. (2022). A Research on Quality Evaluation of Eight Wild Edible Macrofungi Collected from East Mediterranean Region of Turkey. Chemistry & Biodiversity, 19(3), e202100967. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.202100967
  • [7] Allı, H. (2021). Macrofungi of Koramaz Valley (Melikgazi, Kayseri, Türkiye) and its surroundings. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, 6(4), 556–566. https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.986493
  • [8] Gardes, M. & Bruns, T. D. (1993). ITS primers with enhanced specificity for basidiomycetes‐application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts. Molecular ecology, 2(2), 113-118. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.1993.tb00005.x
  • [9] White, T., Bruns, T., Lee, S. & Taylor, J. (1990). Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications, 18(1), 315-322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1
  • [10] Hall, TA. (1999). BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucl. Acids Symposium Series, 41: 95-98.
  • [11] Kumar, S., Stecher, G., & Tamura, K. (2016). MEGA7: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets. Molecular biology and evolution, 33(7), 1870-1874. doi: 10.1093/molbev/msw054
  • [12] Roux, P., García, G., & Dumas, M. (2006). Description de quelques Coprinus rares ou nouveaux de France. Documents Mycologiques, 35(138–139), 1–18.
  • [13] Redhead, S. A., Vilgalys, R., Moncalvo, J.-M., Johnson, J., & Hopple, J. S. (2001). Coprinus Pers. and the disposition of Coprinus species sensu lato. Taxon, 50(1), 203–241. https://doi.org/10.2307/1224525
  • [14] Blackwell, W. H., 1988. Po Benjamin, D. R. (1995). Mushrooms: Poisons and Panaceas – A Handbook for Naturalists, Mycologists and Physicians. New York: W.H. Freeman and Company.
  • [15] Nagy, L. G., Vágvölgyi, C., & Papp, T. (2013). Morphological characterization of clades of the Psathyrellaceae (Agaricales) inferred from a multigene phylogeny. Mycological Progress, 12, 505-517. Doi: 10.1007/s11557-012-0857-3
  • [16] Nagy, L. G., Urban, A., Örstadius, L., & Papp, T. (2012). The evolution of autodigestion in the ink-cap mushrooms (Coprinaceae). Mycologia, 104(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3852/11-083
  • [17] Phillips, R. (2006). Mushrooms. A comprehensive guide with over 1250 detailed photographs of mushrooms and other fungi. London: Pan Macmillan ltd. 384 p.
  • [18] Tomšovský, M., Kaeochulsri, S., Kudláček, T., & Dálya, L. B. (2023). Ecological, morphological and phylogenetic survey of Fomes fomentarius and F. inzengae (Agaricomycetes, Polyporaceae) co-occurring in the same geographic area in Central Europe. Mycological Progress,22(12), 79. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-023-01928-y
  • [19] Halıcı, M. G., & Güllü, M. (2023). A macrofungus taxon that is commonly eaten by the folk in Central Anatolia but never reported from Türkiye: Agaricus pequinii (Boud.) Konrad & Maubl. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 17(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.46309/biodicon.2023.1252319
There are 19 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Plant and Fungus Systematics and Taxonomy, Evolutionary Biology (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Mithat Güllü 0000-0001-7100-9609

Mehmet Gökhan Halıcı 0000-0003-4797-1157

Project Number FBA-2023-12419
Early Pub Date October 2, 2025
Publication Date October 6, 2025
Submission Date July 1, 2025
Acceptance Date September 30, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 18 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Güllü, M., & Halıcı, M. G. (2025). Contribution to the mycobiota of Türkiye: New macrofungal records from Koramaz Valley revealed by molecular methods. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 18(3), 410-415. https://doi.org/10.46309/biodicon.2025.1732263

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