Effects of deltamethrin on photosynthetic pigments and ascorbate-glutathione (ASA-GSH) cycle in Lemna minor

Abstract

Deltamethrin is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide that can cause adverse effects on non-target organisms. This study was designed to investigate the effects of different concentrations (0.001, 0.005 and 0.01 ppm) of deltamethrin on photosynthetic pigments and the ascorbate-glutathione (ASA-GSH) cycle in Lemna minor, a freshwater macrophyte. To assess the effect of deltamethrin on L. minor, photosynthetic pigments, malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels, and the activities of some antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT and POD) and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants associated with the ASA-GSH cycle were measured. The results showed that exposure to deltamethrin decreased chl a, chl b and carotenoid levels and increased MDA and H2O2 levels. In addition, deltamethrin exposure significantly increased SOD, CAT and POD activities. The activities of ASA-GSH cycle enzymes (APX, GR, GPX, MDHAR and DHAR) decreased in L. minor exposed to 0.01 ppm deltamethrin, while GST activity increased. Exposure to low doses of deltamethrin increased ASA and GSH levels, while 0.01 ppm deltamethrin decreased the amounts of ASA and GSH compared to the control. Taken together, the present study revealed that different concentrations of deltamethrin inhibited photosynthetic activity, increased lipid peroxidation and caused oxidative stress and activated the antioxidant defense system of L. minor to eliminate the increased oxidative stress.

Keywords

• Antioxidant enzyme
• Ascorbate
• Deltamethrin
• Glutathione
• Lemna minor
• Malondialdehyde

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