Amerika’da Çağdaş Seramiğin Ana Hatları

Öz

Amerikan bağımsızlık hareketi, yeni bir devletin dünya sahnesine çıkması ve dünyayı etkileyen bir güce dönüşmesiyle sonuçlanmıştır. Ortaya koyduğu kültürün ana odağını Avrupalı göçmenlerin oluşturduğu sanatsal faaliyetlerden almış, kendi yerelinden başlayarak dünyayı 20. yüzyıl başından itibaren etkisi altına almıştır. Bu durum II. Dünya Savaşı sonrasında hız kazanmış, günümüzde Amerika dışına yayılarak önce kültürel sığlaşma ardından yerel kültürel kimliğin bulanıklaşması ve nihayetinde kültürel yozlaşma, kültürün yerel niteliklerinin eriyerek kaybolması, köksüzleşme ve geleneğe yabancılaşma biçiminde aksetmiştir. Bu çalışmada Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nde çağdaş seramik sanatının oluşum süreci, öncüleri ve dünya seramik sanatındaki etkileri araştırılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular ışığında çağdaş Amerikan sanatının oluşumunda öne çıkan sanatçıların bir taraftan Avrupa, Uzakdoğu gibi kaynaklardan beslendiği, diğer taraftan soyut dışavurumculuk ile Amerikan seramik sanatının lokomotif isimleri haline nasıl dönüştüğüne değinilmiştir. Bu dönüşüm sürecine sistemli ve ekonomik bir güç katan diğer faktörler olan yayınlar, galeriler, okullar, eleştirmenler, sivil toplum kuruluşları gibi unsurların sanatçıya olan destekleri hakkında değerlendirmelere gidilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Modern sanat
• post modern sanat
• çağdaş seramik
• Amerika

Outline of Contemporary Ceramics in America

Abstract

The American independence movement resulted in the emergence of a new state on the world stage and its transformation into a global power that affects the world. The culture of this movement has taken its main focus from the artistic activities of European immigrants and has influenced the world since the beginning of the 20th century, starting from its own locality. This case has gained momentum after the World War II, today it is spreading outside America and reflected in the form of cultural shallowness, blurring of local cultural identity and eventually cultural degeneration, dissolution of local cultural characteristics, rootlessness, and alienation from heritage and traditions. In this study, the formation of contemporary ceramic art in the United States, its pioneers and its effects on world ceramic art were investigated. In the light of the findings, it was mentioned that the artists who came to the fore in the formation of contemporary American art, on the one hand, were nourished by sources such as Europe and the Far East, and on the other hand, how they turned into locomotive names of American ceramic art with abstract expressionism. Publications, galleries, schools, critics and non-governmental organizations which are other factors that give a systematic and economic power to this transformation process, were evaluated in respect to their support to artists.

Keywords

• Modern art
• postmodern art
• contemporary ceramic
• America

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