Research Article

Caesarism and Brutism: Ideological Extremes and the Collapse of the Roman Republic in Julius Caesar

Volume: 5 Number: 10 December 29, 2025
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Caesarism and Brutism: Ideological Extremes and the Collapse of the Roman Republic in Julius Caesar

Abstract

Introducing the concept of Brutism, characterised by philosophical idealism, emotional suppression, Stoic rigidity and moral strictness, as a counter-ideology to Caesarism, this study argues that Brutus, in his attempt to prevent dictatorship, ends up with constructing his own version of ideological tyranny. While Caesarism emerges as an ideological and charismatic apparatus that rises above the physical presence of Julius Caesar and transforms him into an abstract entity that continues lingering throughout the play, manipulating and moving the masses according to its own advantage, Brutism represents an idealistic yet rigid republicanism that is blindly rooted in the supremacy of reason over human emotions. Through a comparative analysis of Julius Caesar and Marcus Brutus, it is also attempted to reveal how both men, despite their opposing political ambitions, mirror each other in their unbending attitude, self-righteousness, and detachment from emotional intelligence as represented through their wives Calphurnia and Portia, respectively. Neglecting the insightful warnings coming from the domestic sphere, Caesar and Brutus prepare their ultimate downfall. The tragic silencing of women and the ensuing catastrophic civil war demonstrate the dire results of eliminating wisdom and feminine agency from the political domain. The murder of Cinna the poet, triggered by the irrational wrath of the Roman citizens, further indicates how the ideological extremes can gain strength from rhetorical manipulation and evolve into a chaotic schism. By comparing Caesarism and Brutism, as two different yet alike facets of these extremes, this study argues that Julius Caesar presents a deeply ambivalent projection of leadership which, when denied access to a more comprehensive outlook bringing domestic and public, emotion and reason, woman and man side by side, runs the risk of transforming into a rigid form of tyranny and oppression. Shakespeare’s play, therefore, presents a timeless critique of both Caesarism and Brutism, and it warns that unchecked power and moral fanaticism can easily lead to civil war and collective ruin in the long run.

Keywords

References

  1. Bushnell, R. W. (1990). Tragedies of tyrants: Political thought and theater in the English Renaissance. Cornell University Press.
  2. Campbell, P. (1992). Brutus: “Noblest Roman of them all”? In L. Cookson & B. Loughrey (Eds.), Longman critical essays: Julius Caesar (pp. 79-90). Longman.
  3. Garber, M. (2004). Shakespeare after all. Anchor Books.
  4. Gearin-Tosh, M. (1992). The opening of Julius Caesar. In L. Cookson & B. Loughrey (Eds.), Longman critical essays: Julius Caesar (pp. 9–16). Longman.
  5. Greenblatt, S. (2018). Tyrant: Shakespeare on politics. W. W. Norton & Company.
  6. Hamer, M. (1998). Julius Caesar. Northcote House.
  7. Haywood, I. (1992). “A savage spectacle”: Reproducing Caesar. In L. Cookson & B. Loughrey (Eds.), Longman critical essays: Julius Caesar (pp. 17–27). Longman.
  8. Hadfield, A. (2005). Shakespeare and republicanism. Cambridge University Press.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

British and Irish Language, Literature and Culture

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

December 29, 2025

Submission Date

May 10, 2025

Acceptance Date

August 7, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 5 Number: 10

APA
Erkoç Iqbal, S. (2025). Caesarism and Brutism: Ideological Extremes and the Collapse of the Roman Republic in Julius Caesar. Bitig Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(10), 207-226. https://doi.org/10.69787/bitigefd.1696862
AMA
1.Erkoç Iqbal S. Caesarism and Brutism: Ideological Extremes and the Collapse of the Roman Republic in Julius Caesar. Bitig Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi. 2025;5(10):207-226. doi:10.69787/bitigefd.1696862
Chicago
Erkoç Iqbal, Seçil. 2025. “Caesarism and Brutism: Ideological Extremes and the Collapse of the Roman Republic in Julius Caesar”. Bitig Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 5 (10): 207-26. https://doi.org/10.69787/bitigefd.1696862.
EndNote
Erkoç Iqbal S (December 1, 2025) Caesarism and Brutism: Ideological Extremes and the Collapse of the Roman Republic in Julius Caesar. Bitig Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 5 10 207–226.
IEEE
[1]S. Erkoç Iqbal, “Caesarism and Brutism: Ideological Extremes and the Collapse of the Roman Republic in Julius Caesar”, Bitig Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 5, no. 10, pp. 207–226, Dec. 2025, doi: 10.69787/bitigefd.1696862.
ISNAD
Erkoç Iqbal, Seçil. “Caesarism and Brutism: Ideological Extremes and the Collapse of the Roman Republic in Julius Caesar”. Bitig Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 5/10 (December 1, 2025): 207-226. https://doi.org/10.69787/bitigefd.1696862.
JAMA
1.Erkoç Iqbal S. Caesarism and Brutism: Ideological Extremes and the Collapse of the Roman Republic in Julius Caesar. Bitig Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi. 2025;5:207–226.
MLA
Erkoç Iqbal, Seçil. “Caesarism and Brutism: Ideological Extremes and the Collapse of the Roman Republic in Julius Caesar”. Bitig Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 5, no. 10, Dec. 2025, pp. 207-26, doi:10.69787/bitigefd.1696862.
Vancouver
1.Seçil Erkoç Iqbal. Caesarism and Brutism: Ideological Extremes and the Collapse of the Roman Republic in Julius Caesar. Bitig Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi. 2025 Dec. 1;5(10):207-26. doi:10.69787/bitigefd.1696862

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