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Year 2025, Volume: 5 Issue: 10, 207 - 226, 29.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.69787/bitigefd.1696862

Abstract

References

  • Bushnell, R. W. (1990). Tragedies of tyrants: Political thought and theater in the English Renaissance. Cornell University Press.
  • Campbell, P. (1992). Brutus: “Noblest Roman of them all”? In L. Cookson & B. Loughrey (Eds.), Longman critical essays: Julius Caesar (pp. 79-90). Longman.
  • Garber, M. (2004). Shakespeare after all. Anchor Books.
  • Gearin-Tosh, M. (1992). The opening of Julius Caesar. In L. Cookson & B. Loughrey (Eds.), Longman critical essays: Julius Caesar (pp. 9–16). Longman.
  • Greenblatt, S. (2018). Tyrant: Shakespeare on politics. W. W. Norton & Company.
  • Hamer, M. (1998). Julius Caesar. Northcote House.
  • Haywood, I. (1992). “A savage spectacle”: Reproducing Caesar. In L. Cookson & B. Loughrey (Eds.), Longman critical essays: Julius Caesar (pp. 17–27). Longman.
  • Hadfield, A. (2005). Shakespeare and republicanism. Cambridge University Press.
  • Kahn, C. (2013). Shakespeare’s classical tragedies. In C. McEachern (Ed.), The Cambridge companion to Shakespearean tragedy (pp. 218-239). Cambridge University Press.
  • Knights, L. C. (1987). Personality and politics in Julius Caesar. In P. Ure (Ed.), Shakespeare: Julius Caesar (pp. 121-139). MacMillan.
  • Lyson, H., & Zurcher, A. (2012, October). Shakespeare’s Romans: Politics and ethics in Julius Caesar and Coriolanus. The Newberry Digital Collections. https://www.newberry.org
  • McMurty, J. (1998). Julius Caesar: A guide to the play. Greenwood Press.
  • Mowat, B. A., & Werstine, P. (2011). Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar. In W. Shakespeare, Julius Caesar (pp. xiii–xv). Folger Shakespeare Library.
  • Schanzer, E. (1963). The problem plays of Shakespeare. Routledge & Kegan Paul.
  • Shakespeare, W. (2011). Julius Caesar (B. A. Mowat & P. Werstine, Eds.). Folger Shakespeare Library.
  • Thomas, V. (1989). Shakespeare’s Roman worlds. Routledge.
  • Thomas, V. (1992). Harvester new critical introduction to Shakespeare: Julius Caesar. Harvester.
  • Ure, P. (1987). Introduction. In P. Ure (Ed.), Shakespeare: Julius Caesar (pp. 11-24). MacMillan.
  • Smith, E. (2019). This is Shakespeare. Pantheon Books.
  • Watson, G. (1992). The spirit of Caesar. In L. Cookson & B. Loughrey (Eds.), Longman critical essays: Julius Caesar (pp. 91–105). Longman.
  • Wilson, R. (1992). Drama as pretext: Plot and pattern in Julius Caesar. In L. Cookson & B. Loughrey (Eds.), Longman critical essays: Julius Caesar (pp. 106–114). Longman.

Caesarism and Brutism: Ideological Extremes and the Collapse of the Roman Republic in Julius Caesar

Year 2025, Volume: 5 Issue: 10, 207 - 226, 29.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.69787/bitigefd.1696862

Abstract

Felsefi idealizm, duygusal baskı, Stoacı katılık ve ahlaki kuralcılık ile karakterize edilen Brutizm kavramını, Sezarizm’e karşı bir ideoloji olarak sunan bu çalışma, Brutus’un diktatörlüğü önleme çabalarının aslında onun kendi ideolojik tiranlığını yaratmakla sonuçlandığını savunmaktadır. Sezarizm, Jül Sezar’ın fiziksel varlığının ötesine geçen ve onu, oyun boyunca kitleleri kendi çıkarına göre manipüle eden ve yönlendiren soyut bir varlığa dönüştürecek ideolojik ve karizmatik bir aygıt olarak ortaya çıkarken, Brutizm ise aklın duyguların üzerine kurduğu tahakküme körü körüne bağlı, idealist, ancak aynı zamanda da katı bir cumhuriyetçiliği temsil etmektedir. Jül Sezar ve Marcus Brutus’ün karşılaştırmalı analizi ile, her iki karakterin, zıt siyasi hırslarına rağmen, katı tutumları, kendini beğenmişlikleri ve eşleri Calphurnia ve Portia’nın temsil ettiği duygusal zekadan uzaklaşmaları sebebiyle, aslında birbirlerine nasıl da ayna tuttukları ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Sezar ve Brutus, hanelerinden gelen apaçık uyarıları göz ardı ederek aslında kendi nihai çöküşlerini hazırlamaktadırlar. Kadınların trajik bir şekilde susturulması ve bunu takip eden iç savaş aslında bilgeliğin ve kadın eyleyiciliğinin siyasi alandan ortadan kaldırılmasının korkunç sonuçlarını göstermektedir. Şair Cinna’nın, Romalı vatandaşların mantıksız öfkesi ile tetiklenen cinayeti, ideolojik aşırı uçların süslü sözlerle bezeli manipülasyonlardan nasıl güç kazanıp kaotik bir bölünmeye yol açabileceğini bir kez daha göstermektedir. Sezarizm ve Brutizm’i bu aşırı uçların iki farklı ama bir o kadar da benzer yüzü olarak karşılaştıran bu çalışma, Jül Sezar’ın, hane ile kamusal, duygu ile akıl ve kadın ile erkeği yan yana getirecek daha kapsamlı bir bakış açısına erişim reddedildiğinde, katı bir tiranlık ve baskı biçimine dönüşme riski taşıyan, son derece çelişkili bir liderlik projeksiyonu sunduğunu savunmaktadır. Shakespeare’in oyunu, bu bağlamda hem Sezarizm’e hem de Brutizm’e karşı zamansız bir eleştiri sunar ve kontrolsüz güç ve ahlaki bağnazlığın uzun vadede kolayca iç savaşa ve toplumsal yıkıma yol açabileceği konusunda uyarıda bulunur.

References

  • Bushnell, R. W. (1990). Tragedies of tyrants: Political thought and theater in the English Renaissance. Cornell University Press.
  • Campbell, P. (1992). Brutus: “Noblest Roman of them all”? In L. Cookson & B. Loughrey (Eds.), Longman critical essays: Julius Caesar (pp. 79-90). Longman.
  • Garber, M. (2004). Shakespeare after all. Anchor Books.
  • Gearin-Tosh, M. (1992). The opening of Julius Caesar. In L. Cookson & B. Loughrey (Eds.), Longman critical essays: Julius Caesar (pp. 9–16). Longman.
  • Greenblatt, S. (2018). Tyrant: Shakespeare on politics. W. W. Norton & Company.
  • Hamer, M. (1998). Julius Caesar. Northcote House.
  • Haywood, I. (1992). “A savage spectacle”: Reproducing Caesar. In L. Cookson & B. Loughrey (Eds.), Longman critical essays: Julius Caesar (pp. 17–27). Longman.
  • Hadfield, A. (2005). Shakespeare and republicanism. Cambridge University Press.
  • Kahn, C. (2013). Shakespeare’s classical tragedies. In C. McEachern (Ed.), The Cambridge companion to Shakespearean tragedy (pp. 218-239). Cambridge University Press.
  • Knights, L. C. (1987). Personality and politics in Julius Caesar. In P. Ure (Ed.), Shakespeare: Julius Caesar (pp. 121-139). MacMillan.
  • Lyson, H., & Zurcher, A. (2012, October). Shakespeare’s Romans: Politics and ethics in Julius Caesar and Coriolanus. The Newberry Digital Collections. https://www.newberry.org
  • McMurty, J. (1998). Julius Caesar: A guide to the play. Greenwood Press.
  • Mowat, B. A., & Werstine, P. (2011). Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar. In W. Shakespeare, Julius Caesar (pp. xiii–xv). Folger Shakespeare Library.
  • Schanzer, E. (1963). The problem plays of Shakespeare. Routledge & Kegan Paul.
  • Shakespeare, W. (2011). Julius Caesar (B. A. Mowat & P. Werstine, Eds.). Folger Shakespeare Library.
  • Thomas, V. (1989). Shakespeare’s Roman worlds. Routledge.
  • Thomas, V. (1992). Harvester new critical introduction to Shakespeare: Julius Caesar. Harvester.
  • Ure, P. (1987). Introduction. In P. Ure (Ed.), Shakespeare: Julius Caesar (pp. 11-24). MacMillan.
  • Smith, E. (2019). This is Shakespeare. Pantheon Books.
  • Watson, G. (1992). The spirit of Caesar. In L. Cookson & B. Loughrey (Eds.), Longman critical essays: Julius Caesar (pp. 91–105). Longman.
  • Wilson, R. (1992). Drama as pretext: Plot and pattern in Julius Caesar. In L. Cookson & B. Loughrey (Eds.), Longman critical essays: Julius Caesar (pp. 106–114). Longman.

Caesarism and Brutism: Ideological Extremes and the Collapse of the Roman Republic in Julius Caesar

Year 2025, Volume: 5 Issue: 10, 207 - 226, 29.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.69787/bitigefd.1696862

Abstract

Introducing the concept of Brutism, characterised by philosophical idealism, emotional suppression, Stoic rigidity and moral strictness, as a counter-ideology to Caesarism, this study argues that Brutus, in his attempt to prevent dictatorship, ends up with constructing his own version of ideological tyranny. While Caesarism emerges as an ideological and charismatic apparatus that rises above the physical presence of Julius Caesar and transforms him into an abstract entity that continues lingering throughout the play, manipulating and moving the masses according to its own advantage, Brutism represents an idealistic yet rigid republicanism that is blindly rooted in the supremacy of reason over human emotions. Through a comparative analysis of Julius Caesar and Marcus Brutus, it is also attempted to reveal how both men, despite their opposing political ambitions, mirror each other in their unbending attitude, self-righteousness, and detachment from emotional intelligence as represented through their wives Calphurnia and Portia, respectively. Neglecting the insightful warnings coming from the domestic sphere, Caesar and Brutus prepare their ultimate downfall. The tragic silencing of women and the ensuing catastrophic civil war demonstrate the dire results of eliminating wisdom and feminine agency from the political domain. The murder of Cinna the poet, triggered by the irrational wrath of the Roman citizens, further indicates how the ideological extremes can gain strength from rhetorical manipulation and evolve into a chaotic schism. By comparing Caesarism and Brutism, as two different yet alike facets of these extremes, this study argues that Julius Caesar presents a deeply ambivalent projection of leadership which, when denied access to a more comprehensive outlook bringing domestic and public, emotion and reason, woman and man side by side, runs the risk of transforming into a rigid form of tyranny and oppression. Shakespeare’s play, therefore, presents a timeless critique of both Caesarism and Brutism, and it warns that unchecked power and moral fanaticism can easily lead to civil war and collective ruin in the long run.

References

  • Bushnell, R. W. (1990). Tragedies of tyrants: Political thought and theater in the English Renaissance. Cornell University Press.
  • Campbell, P. (1992). Brutus: “Noblest Roman of them all”? In L. Cookson & B. Loughrey (Eds.), Longman critical essays: Julius Caesar (pp. 79-90). Longman.
  • Garber, M. (2004). Shakespeare after all. Anchor Books.
  • Gearin-Tosh, M. (1992). The opening of Julius Caesar. In L. Cookson & B. Loughrey (Eds.), Longman critical essays: Julius Caesar (pp. 9–16). Longman.
  • Greenblatt, S. (2018). Tyrant: Shakespeare on politics. W. W. Norton & Company.
  • Hamer, M. (1998). Julius Caesar. Northcote House.
  • Haywood, I. (1992). “A savage spectacle”: Reproducing Caesar. In L. Cookson & B. Loughrey (Eds.), Longman critical essays: Julius Caesar (pp. 17–27). Longman.
  • Hadfield, A. (2005). Shakespeare and republicanism. Cambridge University Press.
  • Kahn, C. (2013). Shakespeare’s classical tragedies. In C. McEachern (Ed.), The Cambridge companion to Shakespearean tragedy (pp. 218-239). Cambridge University Press.
  • Knights, L. C. (1987). Personality and politics in Julius Caesar. In P. Ure (Ed.), Shakespeare: Julius Caesar (pp. 121-139). MacMillan.
  • Lyson, H., & Zurcher, A. (2012, October). Shakespeare’s Romans: Politics and ethics in Julius Caesar and Coriolanus. The Newberry Digital Collections. https://www.newberry.org
  • McMurty, J. (1998). Julius Caesar: A guide to the play. Greenwood Press.
  • Mowat, B. A., & Werstine, P. (2011). Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar. In W. Shakespeare, Julius Caesar (pp. xiii–xv). Folger Shakespeare Library.
  • Schanzer, E. (1963). The problem plays of Shakespeare. Routledge & Kegan Paul.
  • Shakespeare, W. (2011). Julius Caesar (B. A. Mowat & P. Werstine, Eds.). Folger Shakespeare Library.
  • Thomas, V. (1989). Shakespeare’s Roman worlds. Routledge.
  • Thomas, V. (1992). Harvester new critical introduction to Shakespeare: Julius Caesar. Harvester.
  • Ure, P. (1987). Introduction. In P. Ure (Ed.), Shakespeare: Julius Caesar (pp. 11-24). MacMillan.
  • Smith, E. (2019). This is Shakespeare. Pantheon Books.
  • Watson, G. (1992). The spirit of Caesar. In L. Cookson & B. Loughrey (Eds.), Longman critical essays: Julius Caesar (pp. 91–105). Longman.
  • Wilson, R. (1992). Drama as pretext: Plot and pattern in Julius Caesar. In L. Cookson & B. Loughrey (Eds.), Longman critical essays: Julius Caesar (pp. 106–114). Longman.
There are 21 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects British and Irish Language, Literature and Culture
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Seçil Erkoç Iqbal 0000-0003-0934-331X

Submission Date May 10, 2025
Acceptance Date August 7, 2025
Publication Date December 29, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 5 Issue: 10

Cite

APA Erkoç Iqbal, S. (2025). Caesarism and Brutism: Ideological Extremes and the Collapse of the Roman Republic in Julius Caesar. Bitig Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(10), 207-226. https://doi.org/10.69787/bitigefd.1696862
AMA Erkoç Iqbal S. Caesarism and Brutism: Ideological Extremes and the Collapse of the Roman Republic in Julius Caesar. Bitig Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi. December 2025;5(10):207-226. doi:10.69787/bitigefd.1696862
Chicago Erkoç Iqbal, Seçil. “Caesarism and Brutism: Ideological Extremes and the Collapse of the Roman Republic in Julius Caesar”. Bitig Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 5, no. 10 (December 2025): 207-26. https://doi.org/10.69787/bitigefd.1696862.
EndNote Erkoç Iqbal S (December 1, 2025) Caesarism and Brutism: Ideological Extremes and the Collapse of the Roman Republic in Julius Caesar. Bitig Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 5 10 207–226.
IEEE S. Erkoç Iqbal, “Caesarism and Brutism: Ideological Extremes and the Collapse of the Roman Republic in Julius Caesar”, Bitig Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 5, no. 10, pp. 207–226, 2025, doi: 10.69787/bitigefd.1696862.
ISNAD Erkoç Iqbal, Seçil. “Caesarism and Brutism: Ideological Extremes and the Collapse of the Roman Republic in Julius Caesar”. Bitig Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 5/10 (December2025), 207-226. https://doi.org/10.69787/bitigefd.1696862.
JAMA Erkoç Iqbal S. Caesarism and Brutism: Ideological Extremes and the Collapse of the Roman Republic in Julius Caesar. Bitig Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi. 2025;5:207–226.
MLA Erkoç Iqbal, Seçil. “Caesarism and Brutism: Ideological Extremes and the Collapse of the Roman Republic in Julius Caesar”. Bitig Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 5, no. 10, 2025, pp. 207-26, doi:10.69787/bitigefd.1696862.
Vancouver Erkoç Iqbal S. Caesarism and Brutism: Ideological Extremes and the Collapse of the Roman Republic in Julius Caesar. Bitig Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi. 2025;5(10):207-26.

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