Tokat ilinde üretilen bazı sebzelerde pestisit kalıntılarının tespiti ve risk değerlendirmesi

Öz

Bu çalışma, Tokat ve çevresinde üretilen domates, biber ve hıyarda pestisit kalıntı düzeylerini tespit etmek ve bu ürünler için sağlık risk değerlendirmelerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Sıvı kromatografi-tandem kütle spektrometresi (LC–MS/MS) ile bu sebzelerdeki 260 pestisit kalıntısının belirlenmesi için analitik metot doğrulaması yapılmıştır. Bunun için, pestisit içermeyen salatalık matrisine 10 ve 50 µg kg­¹ seviyelerinde pestisit çözeltisi eklenmiştir. Pestisitlerin doğrusallıkları (R2), tayin limitleri (LOD), tespit limitleri (LOQ) ve ortalama geri kazanımları sırasıyla 0.990-0.999, 0.71-2.96 μg kg­¹, 2.36-9.86 μg kg­¹ ve %77.25-117.61 arasında bulunmuştur. Bu yöntemle, Tokat (Türkiye) ilinden toplanan 28 sebze örneği analiz edilmiştir. 16 örnekte 17 farklı pestisit tespit edilmiş ve bunların 3’ünde pestisit konsantrasyonları Avrupa Birliği Maksimum Kalıntı Limitlerinden (AB-MRL) yüksek bulunmuştur. 1 biber örneğinde pyridaben ve 2 hıyar örneğinde metrafenone için AB-MRL değerleri aşılmıştır. Örneklerde tespit edilen pestisitlere yönelik risk değerlendirmesinde adı geçen pestisit kalıntı değerlerinin tüketiciler için kronik toksisite potansiyeline sahip olduğu kanaatine varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• akut risk
• kronik risk
• LC-MS/MS
• metot doğrulama
• QuEChERS

Determination of pesticide residues and risk assessment in some vegetables grown in Tokat province

Abstract

This study was carried out to determine the pesticide residue levels and health risk assessments in tomato, pepper, and cucumber grown in Tokat province of Turkey. A residue analytical method was verified to determine 260 pesticides by using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Pesticide solutions at 10 and 50 µg kg­¹ doses were fortified with the pesticide-free cucumber matrix for verification of the method. The linearities (R2), the limit of detection (LODs), the limit of quantification (LOQs), and mean recovery values of the pesticides ranged between 0.990-0.999, 0.71-2.96 μg kg­¹, 2.36-9.86 μg kg­¹ and 77.25-117.61%, respectively. Pesticide residue levels of 28 vegetable samples collected from Tokat province were determined using the verified method. Seventeen different pesticides were detected in 16 samples, and pesticide concentrations in 3 samples were higher than the allowable limits of the European Union Maximum Residue Limits (EU-MRL). The pyridaben level in 1 pepper sample, metrafenone in 2 cucumber samples were higher than the threshold values stated by the EU-MRL. The results of health risk assessments indicated that these pesticides have chronic toxicity potential for consumers.

Keywords

• acute risk
• chronic risk
• LC-MS/MS
• method verification
• QuEChERS

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