Entomopatojen nematodların (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae ve Steinernematidae) Elma içkurdu Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)’nin son dönem larvaları üzerindeki etkinliklerinin laboratuvar koşullarında araştırılması

Öz

Elma içkurdu Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) dünya genelinde elmanın başlıca zararlısıdır. Mücadelesinde ağırlıklı olarak geniş spektrumlu insektisitler kullanılmakla birlikte, zararlıya karşı uygulanan biyolojik mücadele etmenleri arasında entomopatojen nematodların (EPN) kullanılabilme potansiyelleri bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, dört adet EPN izolatı [Steinernema carpocapsae (Tokat Bakisli05), S. feltiae (Tokat-Emir), Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (TOK20) ve H. bacteriophora (11KG)]’nın C. pomonella’nın son dönem larvaları üzerindeki etkinliği laboratuvar koşullarında (in vitro) araştırılmıştır. Denemelerde nematodlar üç farklı konsantrasyonda [250, 500 ve 1000 enfektif larva (EL)/ml-1] hazırlanmış ve uygulanmıştır. Kontrol olarak saf su kullanılmıştır. Nematod uygulamasından 48, 72 ve 120 saat sonra ölü larvalar sayılmış ve ölüm oranları hesaplanmıştır. H. bacteriophora (11KG) izolatı 120 saat sonra en yüksek konsantrasyonda (1000 EL/ml-1) %77.8 ölüme neden olan en etkili izolat olmuştur. Bu izolatı sırası ile S. feltiae (Tokat-Emir) (%76.4), S. carpocapsae (Tokat Bakisli05) (%69.5) ve H. bacteriophora (TOK20) (%65.3) izlemiştir. En düşük ölüm oranları (sırasıyla %5.3, 13.5, 2.7 ve 10.8) tüm nematod türlerinde 250 EL/ml-1 konsantrasyonunda görülmüştür. İzolatlar C. pomonella’nın son dönem larvaları üzerinde etkili bulunmuş ancak, detaylı arazi çalışmaları ile bu sonuçların desteklenmesi gerekmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• biyolojik mücadele
• Cydia pomonella
• entomopatojen nematodlar
• Heterorhabditis
• Steinernema

Investigating the efficacies of the entomopathogenic nematodes on the last instar larvae of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) under laboratory conditions

Abstract

Codling moth Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is the main pest of apple all over the world. Besides the usage of the broad spectrum insecticides being the main control for the C. pomonella, also there is a potential of the usage of the entomapathogen nematodes(EPN) for the same control. In this study, the efficacies of four entomopathogenic nematode species [Steinernema carpocapsae (Tokat Bakisli05), S. feltiae (Tokat-Emir), Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (TOK20), and H. bacteriophora (11KG)] have been investigated against the last instar of C. pomonella under laboratory conditions (in vitro). Three different EPNs concentrations [250, 500 and 1000 infective juvenile (IJ)/ml-1] of the nematodes and distilled water as a control were used. Dead larvae were counted 48, 72 and 120 h after treatment, and mortality rates were calculated. H. bacteriophora (KG11) isolate was the most effective isolate causing 77.8% larval mortality at the highest concentration (1000 IJs/ml-1) after 120 h. This was followed by S. feltiae (76.4%), S. carpocapsae (69.5%) and H. bacteriophora (Tok 20) (65.3%). The lowest mortality rates (respectively %5.3, 13.5, 2.7 and 10.8) were seen in all nematode species at a concentration of 250 IJs/ml-1. The isolates are found effective on the last instar larvae of C. pomonella but should be supported with detailed field studies.

Keywords

• biological control
• Cydia pomonella
• entomopathogenic nematodes
• Heterorhabditis
• Steinernema

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