Effect of Tetranychus urticae and Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Acari: Tetranychidae, Tarsonemidae) at different infestation levels and feeding durations on chlorophyll content of bean plants

Abstract

The study investigated the effects of different initial infestation levels and feeding durations of Tetranychus urticae and Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Acari: Tetranychidae, Tarsonemidae) on the chlorophyll content of the pinto bean plants [Phaseolus vulgaris L. (Fabaceae)]. The experiment was carried out on 3 cm diameter leaf discs and potted plants. To determine the effects of mite feeding on the chlorophyll content of leaf disc, 0 (control), 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 mated adult females (24-48 hours old) were separately placed on each disc. Chlorophyll measurements were made 5 and 10 days after the initial infestation. For the potted plant bioassay, young plants were infested separately with different densities of P. latus or T. urticae (5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 females per plant) while noninfested plants acted as the control. Data were obtained at intervals of 5 days for a total of 5 times. The chlorophyll contents at infestation levels of 15, 20, and 25 T. urticae per disc were statistically lower than the control discs after exposure for 5 days. The heavily infested discs with 10 or more T. urticae were destroyed until the second measurement. On the other hand, there was no significant difference between the chlorophyll contents of P. latus-infested and noninfested discs 5 days after infestation. However, the content was significantly lower in infested discs at all infestation levels than in noninfested discs 10 days after infestation. According to the potted plant experiment, the chlorophyll contents of T. urticae and P. latus-infested plants were significantly lower than the noninfested plants at all infestation levels from the 10th and 20th days of the infestation, respectively. A highly significant negative correlation was recorded between chlorophyll content and mite density, as well as exposure time indicating that the leaf chlorophyll content of infested bean plants decreased with increasing mite density and time. It was also determined that P. latus required a longer feeding time than T. urticae to affect the chlorophyll content of the bean plants.

Keywords

• feeding time
• mite density
• correlation
• injury assessment
• two-spotted spider mite
• yellow tea mite

Tetranychus urticae ve Polyphagotarsonemus latus’un (Acari: Tetranychidae, Tarsonemidae) farklı yoğunluk düzeyleri ve beslenme sürelerinde fasulye bitkisinin klorofil içeriğine etkisi

Abstract

Çalışmada, Tetranychus urticae ve Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Acari: Tetranychidae, Tarsonemidae)’un farklı başlangıç yoğunluk seviyeleri ve beslenme sürelerinin barbunya fasulyesi [Phaseolus vulgaris L. (Fabaceae)]'nin klorofil içeriğine etkisi araştırılmıştır. Denemeler, 3 cm çapındaki yaprak diskleri ve saksılı bitkiler üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Yaprak disk denemelerinde, her diske 0 (kontrol), 5, 10, 15, 20 ve 25 döllenmiş ergin dişi P. latus veya T. urticae (24-48 saat yaşlı) yerleştirilmiştir. Bulaştırmadan beş ve on gün sonra klorofil ölçümleri yapılmıştır. Saksılı bitki denemesi için ise, fasulye bitkileri, farklı yoğunluklarda P. latus veya T. urticae (5, 10, 15, 20 ve 25 ergin dişi/ bitki) ile bulaştırılmışken, temiz bitkiler kontrol grubunu oluşturmuştur. Klorofil ölçümleri 5 gün arayla toplam 5 kez gerçekleştirilmiştir. Salımdan 5 gün sonra, disk başına 15, 20 ve 25 T. urticae bulunduran disklerin klorofil içeriğinin, kontrol disklerinden daha düşük olduğu belirlenmiştir. Disk başına 10 ve üzeri miktarda T. urticae ile bulaşık diskler ise ikinci ölçüme kadar kurumuşlardır. Diğer yandan, bulaştırmadan 5 gün sonra, P. latus ile bulaşık ve temiz yaprak disklerinin klorofil içerikleri arasında herhangi bir farklılık belirlenmemiştir. Salımdan ancak 10 gün sonra, klorofil içeriği, tüm yoğunluk seviyelerinde, kontrol grubuna göre istatistiki olarak düşük çıkmıştır. Saksılı bitki denemelerinde ise, bulaşık bitkilerin klorofil içeriklerinin, temiz bitkilerinkinden T. urticae için salımın 10, P. latus için ise denemenin 20. gününden itibaren tüm bulaşıklık seviyelerinde önemli ölçüde düşük olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlar, fasulye bitkisinin klorofil içeriği ile akar yoğunluğu ve beslenme süresi arasında negatif bir korelasyon olduğunu ve klorofil içeriğinin artan akar yoğunluğu ve zamanla orantılı olarak azaldığını göstermiştir. Ayrıca P. latus'un, fasulye bitkisinin klorofil içeriğini etkileyebilmesi için, T. urticae ye göre daha uzun süre beslenmesi gerektiği de tespit edilmiştir.

Keywords

• beslenme süresi
• akar yoğunluğu
• korelasyon
• zarar değerlendirmesi
• iki noktalı kırmızı örümcek
• sarı çay akarı

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