Ruta chalepensis L. (Rutaceae) uçucu yağının beş coleopteran depo ürün zararlısına karşı fumigant ve kontak toksisitesi ile kolinesterazlar üzerine etkileri

Öz

Ruta chalepensis L.'nin toprak üstü aksamından elde edilen uçucu yağ kompozisyonu GC-MS ile analiz edildi. Uçucu yağın %85.93 ± 1.08 (n = 3)’i temsil eden yetmiş dokuz bileşik tespit edildi. Uçucu yağın ana bileşenleri olarak %21.52 ± 0.21 oranında 2-undekanon, %18.31 ± 0.27 oranında 2-nonanon ve %13.22 oranında da 2-nonil asetat belirlendi. Uçucu yağı en yüksek insektisidal kontak toksisitesi 24 saat sonra 0.018 μl/böcek LD50 ve 0.039 μl/böcek LD90 değerleri ile Rhyzopertha dominica F. üzerinde gözlemlenmiştir. Uçucu yağ, ayrıca Sitophilus oryzae L. ve Sitophillus granarius L. karşısında 24 saat sonra sırasıyla 0.50 ve 0.59 μl/ böcek değerleriyle oldukça düşük denebilecek LD50 değerlerini gösterdi. En düşük kontak toksisite 24 saat sonra Tribolium castaneum Herbst. ve Triboliom confusum Jacquelin du Val.’e karşı sırasıyla 0.138 ve 0.078 μl/böcek LD50 değerleri şeklinde gözlemlendi. S. granarius'a karşı en yüksek fumigant toksisite 48 saat sonra %100 ölüm oranını sağlayan ve 10 ml‘lik haznede uygulanan 10 μl, %10 yağ/aseton (v:v) konsantrasyonunda görüldü. Uçucu yağ ayrıca S. oryzae, T. castaneum ve R. dominica'ya karşı yüksek fumigant toksisiteyi de ortaya çıkardı. 48 saat sonra 20 μl yağ çözeltisi uygulama konsantrasyonunda ölüm oranı sırasıyla %95.47 ± 3.41, %93.30 ± 5.54 ve %85.47 ± 3.41 idi. R. chalepensis uçucu yağı ile %5.29 ± 1.20’lik düşük bir asetilkolinesteraz enzim inhibisyonu ile %42.6 ± 0.71’lik orta derecede bir bütirilkolinesteraz enzim inhibisyonu elde edildi. Yapılan insektisidal aktivite denemelerine göre, R. chalepensis uçucu yağının, depo ürün zararlılarına karşı mücadelede kullanılabilecek doğal bileşiklerin elde edilmesi adına umut verici bir kaynak olduğu düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ruta chalepensis
• uçucu yağ analizi
• depo ürün zararlıları
• asetlkolinesteraz
• bütirilkolinesteraz
• enzim inhibisyonu

Fumigant and contact toxicity of Ruta chalepensis l. (Rutaceae) essential oil against five coleopteran stored product pests and its effects on cholinesterases

Abstract

The essential oil composition of aerial parts of Ruta chalepensis L. was analyzed with GC-MS. Seventy-nine compounds were detected representing 85.93 ± 1.08% (n = 3) of the essential oil. The major components of the essential oil were 2-undecanone 21.52 ± 0.21%, 2-nonanone 18.31 ± 0.27%, and 2-nonyl acetate 13.22%. The highest insecticidal contact toxicity of the oil was observed against Rhyzopertha dominica F. with 0.018 μl/insect LD50 and 0.039 μl/insect LD90 after 24h. Essential oil also produced considerably low 0.50 and 0.59 μl/insect LD50 values after 24h against Sitophilus oryzae L. and Sitophilus granarius L. respectively. The lowest contact toxicity was observed against Tribolium castaneum Herbst. and Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val. 0.138 and 0.078 μl/insect LD50 after 24h respectively. The highest fumigant toxicity was observed against S. granarius for the application concentration of 10 μl, 10% oil/acetone (v:v) in a 10 ml chamber which afforded 100.00 ± 0.00% mortality after 48h. The essential oil also produced high fumigant toxicity against S. oryzae, T. castaneum and R. dominica which were 95.47 ± 3.41%, 93.30 ± 5.54%, and 85.47 ± 3.41% mortality at 20 μl application concentration of the oil solution after 48h. The R. chalepensis essential oil produced low acetylcholinesterase enzyme 5.29 ± 1.20% (n=3) inhibition and mediocre butyrylcholinesterase enzyme inhibition 42.6 ± 0.71% (n=3). According to the insecticidal activity assays performed, the essential oil R. chalepensis seems to be a promising source that could yield natural compounds that could be employed in stored product pest management.

Keywords

• Ruta chalepensis
• essential oil composition
• stored product pests
• acetylcholinesterase
• butyrylcholinesterase
• enzyme inhibition

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