Diyarbakır ve Bingöl illerinden Megachilidae ve Halictidae (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) faunası hakkında yeni bilgiler

Abstract

Türkiye'nin doğusundaki Diyarbakır ve Bingöl illerinin arı faunası hakkındaki veriler oldukça sınırlıdır. Bu çalışma, iki ilin Megachilidae ve Halictidae (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) arı çeşitliliğini belirlemek amacıyla 2016-2017 yılları arasında yürütülmüştür. Ergin örnekler atrap yardımıyla toplanmış ve etil asetat yardımıyla öldürülmüştür. Toplanan arı örneklerinin değerlendirilmesi sonucunda, bu illerden toplam 28 tür (Megachilidae familyasından 17 tür ve Halictidae familyasından 11 tür) tespit edilmiştir. Bunlardan dört tür kleptoparazit olarak bilinmektedir. Bitki-arı ilişkisi açısından, tespit edilen türlerin 18’i polilektik, beşi ise oligolektiktir. Tanımlanan tüm türlerin toplama lokaliteleri de belirtilmiştir. Bu çalışma ile her iki ilin Megachilidae ve Halictidae faunasına ait bilinen tür sayısı 45'ten 65'e yükselmiştir.

Keywords

• Hymenoptera
• tozlayıcı
• fauna
• arı çeşitliliği
• Diyarbakır
• Bingöl

New knowledge about Megachilidae and Halictidae (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) fauna from Diyarbakır and Bingöl provinces

Abstract

The data about the bee fauna of Diyarbakır and Bingöl provinces of eastern Türkiye is quite limited. This study was conducted between 2016 and 2017 to determine Megachilidae and Halictidae (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) bee diversity of these two provinces. Adult samples were collected by atrap and killed with ethyl acetate. As a result of the evaluation of the collected bee samples, a total of 28 species (17 species from Megachilidae family and 11 species from Halictidae family) were identified from these provinces. Four species of them are known as cleptoparasites. In terms of the plant-bee relationship, eighteen of the species identified are polylectic, while five are oligolectic. Collection localities of all identified species were provided. With the current study, the number of known species belonging to the Megachilidae and Halictidae fauna of both provinces increased from 45 to 65.

Keywords

• Hymenoptera
• pollinator
• fauna
• bee diversity
• Diyarbakır
• Bingöl

References

1. Alfken J.D., 1935. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Bienenfauna von Klein-Asien. Entom. Rundschau, 52, 110-111, 129-132, 148-162.
2. Amiet F., Müller A., Neumeyer R., 2001. Fauna Helvetica 6, Apidae 3. (Halictus, Lasioglossum). CSCF und SEG, Neuchâtel, Switzerland, 208 p.
3. Amiet F., Herrmann M., Müller A., Neumeyer R., 2004. Fauna Helvetica 9, Apidae 4 (Anthidium, Chelostoma, Coelioxys, Dioxys, Heriades, Lithurgus, Megachile, Osmia, Stelis), Schweizerische Entomologische Gesellschaft, Neuchatel, Switzerland, 273 p.
4. Anonymous 2021. Bingöl ili 2020 yılı çevre durum raporu. T.C. Bingöl Valiliği Çevre, Şehircilik ve İklim Değişikliği İl Müdürlüğü, 148 s. https://bolge15.tarimorman.gov.tr/Menu/69/Diyarbakir-Ili-Ulusal-Biyolojik-Cesitlilik-Envanter-Ve-Izleme-Calismasi (accessed date: 27.02.2024).
5. Ascher J.S., Pickering J., 2020. Discover life bee species guide and world checklist (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila). http://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20q?guide=Apoidea_species (accessed date: 12.02.2024).
6. Banaszak J., Romasenko L., 1998. Megachild bees of Europe (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Megachilidae). Pedagogical University of Bydgoszcz, Poland, 239 pp.
7. Bogusch P., 2023. European cuckoo bees of the tribe Dioxyini (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae): distribution, annotated checklist and identification key. Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 96, 599-628. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.96.104957 (accessed date: 14.02.2024)
8. Delaplane K.S., Mayer D.F., 2000. Crop pollination by bees, CABI Publishing, University Press, Cambridge, 344 p.

9. Dikmen F., 2007. The role and the importance of the family Halictidae (Apiformes: Apoidea) in pollination of natural and agricultural vegetation. Mellifera, 7(13-14),16-19.
10. Dikmen F., 2012. Systematic studies on the familiy Halictidae (Apiformes: Apoidea: Hymenoptera) of the Mediterranean Region [in Turkish]. PhD thesis, Hacettepe University Institute of Science, Ankara, Türkiye, 343 p.
11. Dikmen F., 2018. Two model genera to demonstrate the pollinator bee diversity of Turkey: Evylaeus Robertson and Halictus Latreille (Halictidae: Hymenoptera). Mellifera, 18 (2), 37-42.
12. Dikmen F., Aytekin A.M., 2011. Notes on the (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) fauna of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 35 (4), 537-550.
13. Dikmen F., Çağatay N., 2007. Ankara’daki tozlaştırıcı arılardan Halictidae (Apiformes: Apoidea: Hymenoptera) familyası üzerine faunistik çalışmalar. Uludağ Arıcılık Dergisi, 7 (3), 94-101.
14. Fahringer J., 1922. Hymenopterologische Ergebnisse einer wissenschaftlichen Studienreise nach der Türkei und Kleinasien (mit Ausschluss des Amanusgebirges). Archiv für Naturgeschichte, A 88, 9,149-222.
15. Fahringer J., Friese H., 1921. Eine Hymenopteren-Ausbeute aus dem Amanusgebirge (Kleinasien und Nord-Syrien, sudl. Armenien). Archiv für Naturgeschichte. 87A, 3, 150-180.
16. Grace A., 2010. Introductory biogeography to bees of the eastern mediterranean and near east. Bexhill Museum. Sussex. United Kingdom. ISBN 978-0-9537091-9-9. 284 p. http://www.wildrye.info/files/Grace2010.pdf (accessed date: 14.02.2024).
17. Güler Y., 2011. The wild bee fauna of Afyonkarahisar province: Andrenidae, Anthophoridae and Megachilidae (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). Linzer Biologische Beitrage, 43, 731-746.
18. Güler Y., Çağatay N., 2006. Faunistic study on Megachilini, Osmiini and Anthidiini tribes (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) in Central Anatolia. Journal of the Entomological Research Society, 8, 15-34.
19. Güler Y., Aytekin A.M., Dikmen F., 2011. Bombini and Halictidae (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) fauna of Afyonkarahisar province with a new record for Turkey. Journal of the Entomological Research Society, 13 (1), 1-22.
20. Heinrich J., 1977. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Türkishchen Schmarotzer bienen. Nachrichten des Naturwissenschaftlichen Museums der Stadt Aschaffenburg, 85, 1-41.
21. Kaplan E., 2022a. Additional knowledges on Megachilidae and Halictidae (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) fauna of Türkiye. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 15 (1), 88-94.
22. Kaplan E., 2022b. New data on the tribe Osmiini (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) fauna of Türkiye. Bitki Koruma Bülteni, 62 (2), 11-17.
23. Maeta Y., Kitamura T., 1964. Studies on the apple pollination of Osmia. I. Idea and present conditions in utilizing Osmia as pollinators of apples in Japan. Kontyû, 32, 45-52.
24. Maeta Y., Kitamura T., 1965. Studies on the apple pollination of Osmia. II. Characteristics and underlying problems in utilizing Osmia. Kontyû, 33, 17-34.
25. Maeta Y., Kitamura T., 1974. How to manage the Mame-Kobachi, Osmia cornifrons (Rad.) for pollination of the fruit crops. Ask Co. Ltd., 16 p.
26. Michener C.D., 2007. The bees of the world (2nd Edition). Baltimore, B: Johns Hopkins University Press, 953 p.
27. Müller A., 2022. Palaearctic Osmiine bees, ETH Zürich, http://blogs.ethz.ch/osmiini (accessed date: 12.02.2024).
28. Özbek H., 1979a. Bees of the genera Osmia, Lithurgus and Coelioxys (Hymenoptera: Apoidea; Megachilidae) in some parts of eastern Anatolia. Türkiye Bitki Koruma Dergisi, 3 (1), 47-58.
29. Özbek H., 1979b. Bees of the genera Anthidium, Anthocopa, Hoplitis and Megachile (Hymenoptera: Apoidea; Megachilidae) in some parts of eastem Anatolia. Türkiye Bitki Koruma Dergisi, 3 (2), 95-107.
30. Özbek H., 1979c. Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi Halictidae (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) faunası ve bunların ekolojisi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi, Ziraat Dergisi, 10 (3/4), 27-41.
31. Özbek H., 2011. Chelostoma Latreille (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae, Osminii) species occurring in Turkey with their zoogeographic characterization. Türkiye Entomoloji Bülteni, 1 (3), 151-168.
32. Özbek H., 2013a. Distribution of the tribe Osmiini bees (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) of Turkey Part I: the genera Heriades, Stenoheriades, Hofferia and Hoplitis. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 44 (1), 1-20.
33. Özbek H., 2013b. Distribution of the tribe Osmiini bees (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) of Turkey Part II: the genera Haetosmia, Osmia and Protosmia. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 44 (2), 121-143.
34. Özbek H., Zanden G. van der, 1992a. A preliminary review of the Megachilidae of Turkey, Part I. Osmiini (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). Türkiye Entomoloji Dergisi, 16 (1), 13-32.
35. Özbek H., Zanden G. van der, 1992b. A preliminary review of the Megachilidae of Turkey, Part II. Heriadini (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). Türkiye Entomoloji Dergisi, 16 (3), 129-134.
36. Özbek H., Zanden G. van der, 1993. A preliminary review of the Megachilidae of Turkey, Part III. The Anthidiini (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). Türkiye Entomoloji Dergisi, 17 (4), 193-207.
37. Özbek H., Zanden G. van der, 1994. A preliminary review of the Megachilidae of Turkey Part IV. Megachilini and Lithurgini (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). Türkiye Entomoloji Dergisi, 18 (3), 157-174.
38. Özbek H., Bogusch P., Straka J., 2015. A contribution to the kleptoparasitic bees of Turkey: Part I., the genus Sphecodes Latreille (Hymenoptera: Halictidae). Turkish Journal of Zoology, 39 (6), 1095-1109.
39. Özbek H., Schwarz M., 2016. Distribution data of the kleptoparasitic bees in Turkey: Part 2. genera Coelioxys and Radoszkowskiana (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae: Megachilinae) with their checklist. Linzer Biologische Beiträge, 48 (1), 1753-1771.
40. Packer L., 2023. Bees of the world: a guide to every family. Princeton University Press, 240 p.
41. Pauly A., 2007. Atlas Hymenoptera, Halictidae – Section (except Halictus). http://zoologie.umh.ac.be/hymenoptera. 01.03.2010. (accessed date: 13.02.2024).
42. Pesenko Yu. A., 1978. A key to families of the superfamily Apoidea. pp. 280–281. In: Medvedev G.S., (Ed.): a key to insects of the european part of the USSR. Vol. 3. Hymenoptera. Pt1. 583 pp. Leningrad (Nauka) (in Series: Keys to Animals in the Fauna of the USSR Published by the Zoological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. no. 119).
43. Pesenko Yu. A., 1984. A subgeneric classification of bees of the genus Halictus Latreille sensu stricto (Hymenoptera, Halictidae). Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie 63 (3), 340-357. Leningrad. [in Russian with English summary; English translation in Entomological Review 1985. 63 (3), 1-20)].
44. Pesenko Yu. A., 1985. Systematics of the bees of the genus Halictus Latreille (Hymenoptera, Halictidae) with a description of 7th and 8th metasomal sterna of males: subgenus Monilapis Cockerell. Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta (Leningrad), 132, 77-105.
45. Pesenko Yu. A., 1986. Systematics of the bee genus Halictus Latreille (Hymenoptera, Halictidae) with description of 7th and 8th metasomal sterna of males: subgenus Tytthalictus. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 65 (3), 618-632.
46. Pesenko Yu. A., 2007. Subgeneric classification of the Palaearctic bees of the genus Evylaeus Robertson (Hymenoptera: Halictidae). Zootaxa, 1500 (1), 1-54.
47. Pesenko Yu. A., Banaszak J., Radchenko V.G., Cierzniak T., 2000. Bees of the family Halictidae (excluding Sphecodes) of Poland: taxonomy, ecology, bionomics. Bydgoszcz, Poland, Bydgoszcz Press, 348 p.
48. Polaszek A., 2004. Fauna Europaea: Apidae. In: Noyes, J., (Ed.). Fauna Europaea: Hymenoptera: Apocrita. Fauna Europaea version 1.1. http://www.faunaeur.org (accessed date: 12.02.2024).
49. Scheuchl E., 2006. Illustrierte Bestimmungstabellen der Wildbienen Deutschlands und Österreichs Band 2: Megachilidae - Melittidae, 2nd edn. Eigenverlag, Velden/Vils, 192 p.
50. Warncke K., 1975. Beitrag zur systematik und verbreitung der furchenbienen in der Türkei (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Halictus). Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne, 45 (1), 81-128.
51. Warncke K., 1984. Ergänzungen zur Verbreitung der Bienengattung Halictus Latr. in der Türkei (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Linzer Biologische Beiträge, 16 (2), 277-318.
52. Warncke K., 1988. Die Bienengattung Osmia Panzer, 1806, ihre Systematik in der Westpaläarktis und ihre Verbreitung in der Türkei. 1. Untergattung Helicosmia Thomson, 1872 (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Entomofauna (Ansfelden), 9, 1-45.
53. Warncke K., 1991. Die Bienengattung Osmia Panzer, 1806, ihre Systematik in der Westpaläarktis und ihre Verbreitung in der Türkei. 10. Die Untergattung Alcidamea Cress. Linzer Biologische Beiträge, 23, 701-751.
54. Warncke K., 1992. Die Bienengattung Osmia Panzer, 1806 ihre Systematik in der Westpaläarktis und ihre Verbreitung in der Türkei. 11. Die Untergattung Pyrosmia Tkalcu, 1975. Linzer Biologische Beiträge, 24, 893-921.
55. Zanden G. van der, 1980. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der türkischen Bauchsammler (Hymenoptera, Aculeata, Megachilidae). Faunistische Abhandlungen (Dresden), 7, 229-235.
56. Zanden G. van der, 1991. Systematik und Verbreitung der paläarktischen Arten der Untergattung Caerulosmia (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Megachilidae). Linzer Biologische Beiträge, 23, 37-78.
57. Zanden G. van der, 1992. Neue oder unvollständig bekannte Arten paläarktischer Bauchsammler (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Megachilidae). Linzer Biologische Beiträge, 24, 65-74.