Bir herbisit, ürün rotasyon programındaki bitkilerin hastalıklarını nasıl etkileyebilir? Othello® OD üzerine bir vaka çalışması

Öz

Herbisitler, bitki hastalıklarının ürün rotasyonu programlarının entegre yönetiminde önemli bir rol oynayabilir. Trichoderma türleri, tarımda kullanılan başlıca biyolojik kontrol funguslarıdır (BCF). Bu çalışma, Othello® OD herbisitinin T. asperelloides'in yanı sıra bazı fitopatojenik fungusların (Bipolaris sp., Fusarium graminearum, F. oxysporum ve Rhizoctonia solani) in vitro büyümesi üzerindeki etkisini incelemiştir. In vitro da herbisitin fungusların büyümesi üzerine etkisinin belirlenmesi çalışmasında, temel besiyeri olarak patates dekstroz agar kullanılmıştır. Daha sonra petriler karanlıkta 26 °C’de inkübe edilmiştir. Sonuçlar, test edilen tüm fungusların Othello® OD herbisitine duyarlılıklarının istatistiksel olarak benzer olduğunu göstermiştir. Buna rağmen, T. asperelloides'in diğer test edilen funguslara kıyasla önemli ölçüde daha yüksek büyüme hızı ve Othello® OD’ye karşı ihmal edilebilir derecede düşük duyarlılığı, bu herbisitin ve T. asperelloides'in bir ürün rotasyonu programında temel hastalıkların yönetimi için kullanılma potansiyelini göstermektedir. COBALT aracı kullanılarak asetolaktat sentetaz amino asit dizilerinin hizalanması, üç fungus grubunu ayıran 17 düğüme sahip bir ağaç ortaya çıkarmıştır. Bipolaris oryzae ve B. sorokiniana'nın asetolaktat enzimleri, tek bir grup oluşturacak kadar benzerdir ve bu da bunların ayrı türler olarak kabul edilebileceğini göstermiştir. İkinci grupta, Fusarium oxysporum'un enzimi, F. graminearum'dan ziyade T. asperelloides'in enzimine daha benzerdir. Üçüncü grupta ise yalnızca R. solani izolatlarından elde edilen enzimler yer almıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• asetolaktat sentetaz
• Bipolaris
• COBALT aracı
• Fusarium
• Rhizoctonia
• Trichoderma

How an herbicide can affect plant diseases in a crop rotation program? A case study on Othello® OD

Abstract

Herbicides can play an essential role in crop rotation programs' integrated management of plant diseases. Trichoderma species are major biological control fungi (BCF) used in agriculture. This study examined the effect of the herbicidal product Othello® OD on the in vitro growth of T. asperelloides, as well as some phytopathogenic fungi (Bipolaris sp., Fusarium graminearum, F. oxysporum, and Rhizoctonia solani). The poisoned food method was utilised with potato dextrose agar as the basal medium. The plates were then incubated at 26 °C in the dark. Results showed that all tested fungi were statistically similar in their sensitivity to the herbicide Othello® OD. Despite this, the significantly higher growth rate of T. asperelloides compared to the other tested fungi and its negligibly low sensitivity to Othello® OD suggests the potential of using the herbicidal product and T. asperelloides for managing essential diseases in a crop rotation program. The alignment of acetolactate synthase amino acid sequences using COBALT tool obtained a tree with 17 nodes separating the three fungal groups. The acetolactate enzymes of Bipolaris oryzae and B. sorokiniana were similar enough to form a unique group, indicating that they may be considered distinct species. In the second group, the enzyme of Fusarium oxysporum was more identical to that of T. asperelloides than F. graminearum. The third group only included enzymes from R. solani isolates.

Keywords

• acetolactate synthase
• Bipolaris
• COBALT tool
• Fusarium
• Rhizoctonia
• Trichoderma

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