Yerel süper domates genotiplerinde tarımsal morfolojik özellikler ve bazı bakteriyel yaprak patojenlerine duyarlılık

Öz

Bu çalışmada Iğdır Ovası’nda yaygın olarak yetiştirilen Süper domates genotiplerinin morfolojik özelliklerinin karakterize edilmesi ve Süper domates genotipinin Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) ve Xanthomonas euvesicatoria pv. perforans (Xep)'in neden olduğu bakteriyel hastalıklara reaksiyonunun belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Süper domates genotipleri, 2021-2022 hasat sezonununda 20 farklı bölgeden toplanmıştır. Bitki özelliklerini karakterize etmek için domates genotiplerinden laboratuvarda morfolojik ve fizyolojik ölçümler alınmıştır. Ayrıca, Süper domatesin Pst ve Xep enfeksiyonuna reaksiyonunu değerlendirmek için bitki yetiştirme odasında saksı denemeleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Analizlerin sonucunda, bitki morfolojisi ve büyümesine ilişkin veriler elde edilmiştir. Bu veriler arasında bitki boyları (136.9-88.7 cm), kök uzunlukları (69.0-46.3 cm), gövde çapları (2.17-1.52 cm), bitki taze ağırlıkları (596-426 g), bitki kuru ağırlıkları (127.6-94.0 g), kök taze ağırlıkları (74.5-51.8 g), kök kuru ağırlıkları (24.3-11.9 g), bitki başına verim (4717.3-2906.5 g), ortalama meyve ağırlığı (385.2-223.7 g), meyve uzunluğu (55.5-50.3 mm) ve ortalama meyve çapı (96.0-81.1 mm) ölçümleri yer almıştır. Domates meyvelerinin fizyolojik özellikleri açısından, suda çözünür kuru madde içeriği %4.55 ile %4.11 arasında, meyve suyu pH'ı 4.69 ile 4.43 arasında, titrasyon asitliği 3.16 ile 2.93 mval 100 ml⁻¹ arasında, C vitamini içeriği 26.63 ile 17.80 mg/100 g arasında, likopen içeriği 2951.1 ile 2629.5 ng/µl arasında ve β-karoten içeriği 272.55 ile 228.82 ng/µl arasında değişmiştir. Ayrıca, saksı denemeleri, Süper domates genotipinin hem Pst hem de Xep enfeksiyonlarına karşı orta düzeyde duyarlılık gösterdiğini, hastalık şiddeti endekslerinin (DSI) sırasıyla 2.4 ve 2.2 olduğunu göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Süper domates
• bakteriyel leke
• bakteriyel benek
• Xep
• Pst
• Iğdır

Agro-morphological traits and some bacterial leaf pathogens susceptibility in local super tomato genotypes

Abstract

This study aimed to characterize the morphological traits of Super tomato genotypes grown widely in Iğdır plain and to determine the reaction of the Super tomato genotype to bacterial diseases caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) and Xanthomonas euvesicatoria pv. perforans (Xep). Super tomato genotypes were collected from 20 different regions in the harvest season in 2021-2022. Morphological and physiological measurements in the laboratory were taken on tomato genotypes to characterize plant traits. Also, pot experiments were carried out in a plant growth chamber to assess the reaction of Super tomato to infection by Pst and Xep. Data on plant morphology and growth were obtained, including measurements of plant heights (136.9-88.7 cm), root lengths (69.0-46.3 cm), stem diameters (2.17-1.52 cm), plant fresh weights (596-426 g), plant dry weights (127.6-94.0 g), root fresh weights (74.5 to 51.8 g), root dry weights (24.3-11.9 g), yield per plant (4717.3-2906.5 g), mean fruit weight (385.2-223.7 g), fruit length (55.5-50.3 mm), and mean fruit diameter (96.0-81.1 mm). In terms of the physiological properties of tomato fruits, the water-soluble dry matter content ranged from 4.55% to 4.11%, fruit juice pH from 4.69 to 4.43, titratable acidity from 3.16 to 2.93 mval 100 ml⁻¹, vitamin C content from 26.63 to 17.80 mg/100 g, lycopene content from 2951.1 to 2629.5 ng/µl, and β-carotene content from 272.55 to 228.82 ng/µl. Additionally, pot experiments demonstrated that the super tomato genotype exhibited moderate susceptibility to both Pst and Xep infections, with disease severity index (DSI) of 2.4 and 2.2, respectively.

Keywords

• Super tomato
• bacterial spot
• bacterial speck
• Xep
• Pst
• Iğdır

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