Şanlıurfa ilinde anormal çiçek yapısı (phyllody ve virescence) ve cadı süpürgesi simptomları gösteren patlıcan bitkilerinde ‘Candidatus phytoplasma solani fitoplazma-ilişkili hastalığın tanımlanması

Öz

Fitoplazmalar tarımsal ekosistemlerdeki çok sayıda bitkide enfeksiyonlara neden olarak ürünlerde önemli verim ve kalite kayıplarına yol açmaktadır. Son yıllarda patlıcan (Solanum melongena L.) yetiştiriciliğinde fitoplazmalardan kaynaklanan hastalıkların ekonomik kayıplara neden olduğu bilinmektedir. Türkiye'de patlıcan yetiştirilen alanlarda fitoplazmaların neden olduğu enfeksiyonlara ilişkin araştırmalar oldukça sınırlıdır. Bu çalışma, Şanlıurfa ilinde patlıcan üretim alanlarında görülen fitoplazma enfeksiyonlarının simptomatolojik ve moleküler olarak tespiti amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Cadı süpürgesi hastalığı, çiçek anormallikleri (viresens, fillodi), çiçek sapının uzaması, çiçek kısımlarından yeni sürgünlerin çıkması, sararma ve çoğalma gibi belirtiler gösteren patlıcanlardan 14 örnek toplanmıştır. 8 simptomatik örnekte 16S rRNA-spesifik primerler, P1/P7 ve R16F2n/R16R2 kullanılarak direkt ve nested PCR ile fitoplazma enfeksiyonu tespit edilmiştir. Moleküler çalışmalar sonucunda elde edilen fragmentlerin sekans bilgileri çıkarılmış ve BLAST analizleri yapılmıştır. 16S rRNA gen bölgesindeki nükleotid dizi benzerliğine göre, patlıcanda enfeksiyona neden olan fitoplazmanın genetik grubunun %98 dizi benzerliği ile 16SrXII-A alt grubuna ait ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ (CaPsol) ile ilişkili olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bilgilerimize göre, bu çalışma Türkiye'de patlıcanları enfekte eden CaPsol'ün kapsamlı semptomatik teşhisini önermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• patlıcan
• Şanlıurfa
• CaPsol
• nested-PCR
• moleküler karakterizasyon

Identification of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ phytoplasma-associated diseases in eggplants exhibiting abnormal flower structure (phyllody and virescence) and witches’ broom symptoms in Şanlıurfa province

Abstract

Phytoplasmas cause infections in numerous plants in agricultural ecosystems, causing significant yield and quality losses in products. In recent years, it has been known that diseases caused by phytoplasmas cause economic losses in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) cultivation. In Turkey, research on infections caused by phytoplasmas in eggplant growing areas is quite limited. This study was carried out to detect phytoplasma infections symptomatologically and molecularly in eggplant production areas in Şanlıurfa province. Fourteen samples were collected from eggplants exhibiting symptoms such as witches’ broom, flower abnormalities (virescence, phyllody), elongation of the pedicle, arising of new shoots from flower parts, yellowing and proliferation. Phytoplasma infection was detected in 8 symptomatic samples using 16S rRNA-specific primers, P1/P7 and R16F2n/R16R2, by direct and nested PCR. Sequence information of fragments obtained as a result of molecular studies was extracted and BLAST analyses were performed. According to nucleotide sequence similarity in the 16S rRNA gene region, it was determined that the genetic group of phytoplasma causing infection in eggplant was related to ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ (CaPsol) belonging to 16SrXII-A subgroup with 98% sequence identity. To our best knowledge, this study suggests comprehensive symptomatic diagnosis of CaPsol infecting eggplants in Türkiye.

Keywords

• eggplant
• Şanlıurfa
• CaPsol
• nested-PCR
• molecular characterisation

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