Trichoderma koningii ve Rhizophagus irregularis'in domateste Fusarium solgunluk hastalığına karşı etkinliğinin belirlenmesi

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, sera koşullarında domateste Fusarium solgunluk hastalığının kimyasal mücadelesine alternatif olarak çevre dostu Trichoderma koningii ve Rhizophagus irregularis'in potansiyeli araştırılmıştır. Araştırma, T. koningii ve R. irregularis’in nasıl etkileşime girdiğine ve bitki büyümesi ve hastalık direnci üzerindeki etkilerine odaklanmıştır. T. koningii tek başına hastalık şiddetini Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) ile enfekte edilmiş kontrol grubuna kıyasla önemli ölçüde azaltmıştır (DS = 0.83; DSI = %29.33). Ancak, en etkili koruma T. koningii ve R. irregularis’in birlikte kullanımından elde edilmiş (DS = 0.33; DSI = %14.33) ve sağlıklı kontrollerle karşılaştırılabilir bir seviyeye ulaşılmıştır. Bu kombine uygulama sadece etkili hastalık direnci göstermekle kalmamış, aynı zamanda en yüksek klorofil içeriğini de göstermiştir (Chl a = 5.62 mg g-1 Taze Ağırlık; Chl b = 3.11 mg g-1 Taze Ağırlık; Chl T = 8.74 mg g-1 Taze Ağırlık), bu da FOL enfeksiyonunun neden olduğu klorofil bozunmasına karşı koymada daha güçlü bir yeteneğe işaret etmektedir. Ek olarak, T. koningii ve R. irregularis ile birlikte aşılanan domates bitkileri en güçlü antioksidan tepkiyi sergileyerek, antioksidan enzimlerinin (süperoksit dismutaz = 46.17 birim g-1 ml-1 dk-1, peroksidaz aktivitesi = 5.66 birim g-1 ml-1 dk-1 ve katalaz aktivitesi = 104.42 birim g-1 ml-1 dk-1) ve toplam fenolik içeriğinin (3.14 mg g-1) belirgin şekilde daha yüksek olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu bulgular, T. koningii ve R. irregularis'in birlikte uygulanmasının, T. koningii veya R. irregularis’in tek başına kullanılmasına kıyasla, domateste Fusarium solgunluk hastalığının yönetimi ve genel bitki sağlığının geliştirilmesi açısından daha etkili ve çevre dostu bir strateji olma potansiyeline sahip olduğunu göstermektedir.

Keywords

• arbusküler mikorizal fungus
• Solanum lycopersicum
• Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici
• sera denemesi

Determination of the efficacy of Trichoderma koningii and Rhizophagus irregularis against Fusarium wilt disease in tomato

Abstract

This study investigated the potential of Trichoderma koningii and Rhizophagus irregularis as environmentally friendly as an alternative to chemical control for Fusarium wilt disease in tomato under greenhouse conditions. The research focused on how these T. koningii and R. irregularis interacted and their impact on plant growth and disease resistance. T. koningii alone significantly reduced disease severity (DS = 0.83; DSI = 29.33%) compared to the control group infected with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL). However, the most effective protection came from combining both T. koningii and R. irregularis (DS = 0.33; DSI = 14.33%), achieving a level comparable to healthy controls. This combined treatment not only displayed superior disease resistance but also showed the highest chlorophyll content (Chl a = 5.62 mg g-1 Fresh Weight; Chl b = 3.11 mg g-1 Fresh Weight; Chl T = 8.74 mg g-1 Fresh Weight), indicating a stronger ability to counteract the chlorophyll degradation caused by FOL infection. Furthermore, tomato plants co-inoculated with T. koningii and R. irregularis exhibited the most robust antioxidant response, evident in significantly higher activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase = 46.17 units g-1 ml-1 min-1, peroxidase activity = 5.66 units g-1 ml-1 min-1, and catalase activity = 104.42 units g-1 ml-1 min-1) and total phenolic content (3.14 mg g-1). These findings suggest that the combined application of T. koningii and R. irregularis has the potential to be a more effective and environmentally friendly strategy for managing Fusarium wilt disease and promoting overall plant health in tomato compared to using either T. koningii or R. irregularis alone.

Keywords

• arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
• Solanum lycopersicum
• Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici
• greenhouse assay

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