Comparative determination of enzyme, insecticide, antibacterial activities of different extracts of Diplotaxis tenuifolia and chemical components analysis

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the insecticidal, enzymatic, antimicrobial activities, and phytochemical composition of extracts derived from the flowers and leaves of Diplotaxis tenuifolia (DTF and DTL) grown in gypsum-rich soils of Çankırı, utilizing various solvents. LC-MS/MS analysis identified vanillic acid as the major component in the Diplotaxis tenuifolia flower ethyl acetate (DTF-EA), Diplotaxis tenuifolia flower acetone (DTF-Ace), Diplotaxis tenuifolia leaf (DTL-EA), and Diplotaxis tenuifolia leaf acetone (DTL-Ace) extracts, naringin in Diplotaxis tenuifolia leaf n-butanol (DTL-nBu), and hesperidin in Diplotaxis tenuifolia flower n-butanol (DTF-nBu). The DTF-EA extract showed high efficacy in insecticidal assays against Sitophilus granarius and Rhizopertha dominica, achieving 90% and 83.3% mortality, respectively. Similarly, the DTF-Ace extract exhibited 86.6% and 66% mortality against S. granarius and R. dominica, respectively. Enzyme inhibition assays revealed that the DTF-EA extract exhibited potent inhibitory effects against xanthine oxidase (IC50: 27.83 µg/ml) and tyrosinase (IC50: 58.25 µg/ml), surpassing standard inhibitors such as acarbose. In antimicrobial assays, the DTF-EA extract demonstrated broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, exhibiting inhibition zones of 16.5, 15.5, 12.9, and 12.4 mm against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus, and Salmonella enterica, respectively. The DTL-EA extract displayed significant activity against Escherichia coli (13.1 mm), while the DTL-Ace extract was most effective against Pseudomonas fluorescens (13.3 mm). These findings suggest that D. tenuifolia extracts possess notable antibacterial, insecticidal, and enzyme inhibitory activities, highlighting their potential as natural therapeutic agents and eco-friendly pest control and microbial management alternatives.

Keywords

• Diplotaxis tenuifolia
• enzyme activity
• phenolic compounds
• insecticidal activity
• antibacterial activity

Diplotaxis tenuifolia'nın farklı ekstraktlarının enzim, insektisit, antibakteriyel aktivitelerinin karşılaştırmalı olarak belirlenmesi ve kimyasal bileşen analizi

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Çankırı’nın jips bakımından zengin topraklarında yetiştirilen Diplotaxis tenuifolia bitkisinin çiçek (DTF) ve yaprak (DTL) organlarından; etil asetat, aseton ve n-bütanol gibi farklı çözücüler kullanılarak elde edilen ekstraktların insektisit, enzimatik ve antimikrobiyal aktiviteleri ile fitokimyasal profillerini değerlendirmeyi amaçlamıştır. LC-MS/MS analizi sonucunda, DTF-EA (çiçek etil asetat), DTF-Ace (çiçek aseton), DTL-EA (yaprak etil asetat) ve DTL-Ace (yaprak aseton) ekstraktlarında vanilik asit; DTL-nBu (yaprak n-bütanol) ekstraktında narengin; DTF-nBu (çiçek n-bütanol) ekstraktında ise hesperidin başlıca bileşikler olarak belirlenmiştir. DTF-EA ekstraktı, Sitophilus granarius ve Rhizopertha dominica üzerinde sırasıyla %90 ve %83.3 mortaliteye ulaşarak yüksek insektisit etki göstermiş; DTF-Ace ekstraktı da bu türlere karşı %86.6 ve %66 oranında toksisite sergilemiştir. Enzim inhibisyon testlerinde, DTF-EA ekstraktı ksantin oksidaz (IC50: 27.83 µg/ml) ve tirozinaz (IC50: 58.25 µg/ml) enzimlerine karşı güçlü inhibitör etkiler göstererek akarbos gibi standart inhibitörlerin aktivitesini aşmıştır. Antibakteriyel deneylerde ise DTF-EA ekstraktı, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus ve Salmonella enterica türlerine karşı sırasıyla 16.5; 15.5; 12.9 ve 12.4 mm’lik inhibisyon zonları oluşturarak geniş spektrumlu aktivite ortaya koymuştur. DTL-EA ekstraktı Escherichia coli’ye karşı 13.1 mm; DTL-Ace ekstraktı ise Pseudomonas fluorescens’e karşı 13.3 mm’lik en yüksek inhibisyon alanına ulaşmıştır. Bu bulgular, D. tenuifolia ekstraktlarının kayda değer antibakteriyel, böcek öldürücü ve enzim inhibitör aktivitelere sahip olduğunu göstermekte ve doğal terapötik ajanlar ve çevre dostu haşere kontrolü ve mikrobiyal yönetim alternatifleri olarak potansiyellerini vurgulamaktadır.

Keywords

• Diplotaxis tenuifolia
• enzim aktivite
• fenolik bileşikler
• insektisidal aktivite
• antibakteriyel aktivite

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