İki noktalı kırmızı örümceğe karşı örtüaltı hıyar yetiştiriciliğinde biyo-ajanların karşılaştırmalı değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Örtüaltı hıyar (Cucumis sativus L., Cucurbitaceae) üretimi, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) adlı iki noktalı kırmızı örümceğin yoğun bulaşmaları nedeniyle önemli tehditlerle karşı karşıyadır. Dünya genelinde T. urticae ile mücadelede, predatör akarlar (Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot ve Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor), Acari: Phytoseiidae) ile predator böcek türleri Stethorus gilvifrons (Mulsant), Coleoptera: Coccinellidae ve Orius albidipennis (Reuter), Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) gibi biyolojik mücadele etmenleri etkili şekilde kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışma, Barcoda ve Hisham isimli iki hıyar çeşidinde, dört biyolojik etmenin T. urticae popülasyonlarını azaltma etkisini değerlendirmek ve bu etkileri geleneksel bir akarisit olan bifenazat ile karşılaştırmak amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sonuçlara göre, P. persimilis Hisham çeşidinde %96.24’e varan bir azaltma sağlamış; S. gilvifrons ise Barcoda çeşidinde %94.89’luk benzer bir etki göstermiştir. Buna karşın, bifenazat her iki çeşitte de en düşük etkinliği göstermiş; azaltma oranları %60.23 ile %74.96 arasında değişmiştir. Tüm biyolojik etmenler, uygulama yapılmayan kontrol grubuna kıyasla T. urticae popülasyonlarında anlamlı azalmalar sağlamıştır. Diğer predatör türler olan O. albidipennis ve N. californicus da biraz daha düşük olmakla birlikte etkili düzeyde popülasyon baskılaması göstermiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, biyolojik etmenlerin sürdürülebilir hıyar üretimi için entegre zararlı yönetimi stratejilerinde etkili birer bileşen olarak kullanılabileceğini ortaya koymaktadır. Predatör tür kombinasyonlarının ve salım oranlarının optimize edilmesi amacıyla ileri düzey çalışmalara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Tetranychus urticae
• Phytoseiulus persimilis
• Neoseiulus californicus
• Stethorus gilvifrons
• Orius albidipennis
• bifenazate

Comparative assessment of bio-agents in protected cucumbers against the two-spotted spider mite

Abstract

Protected cucumber production Cucumis sativus L. (Cucurbitaceae) faces significant threats from infestations by the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae). Globally, T. urticae has been effectively managed using biological control agents such as predatory mites — Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot and Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) — and predatory insects, including Stethorus gilvifrons (Mulsant) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), and Orius albidipennis (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae). This study aimed to assess and compare the reduction of T. urticae populations on two cucumber cultivars, Barcoda and Hisham, using these four bio-agents in comparison with the conventional acaricide bifenazate. Results showed that P. persimilis achieved a reduction of up to 96.24% on the Hisham cultivar, while S. gilvifrons provided a similar reduction of 94.89% on Barcoda. In contrast, bifenazate resulted in the lowest reduction rates, ranging from 60.23% to 74.96% across the two cultivars. All bio-agents significantly reduced T. urticae populations compared to untreated control. The other predatory species, O. albidipennis and N. californicus, also exhibited substantial, though slightly lower, levels of control. These findings underscore the potential of bio-agents as effective components of integrated pest management strategies for sustainable cucumber production. Further studies are recommended to optimize predator combinations and release rates.

Keywords

• Tetranychus urticae
• Phytoseiulus persimilis
• Neoseiulus californicus
• Stethorus gilvifrons
• Orius albidipennis
• bifenazate

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