Bazı CAA ve QoI fungisitlerinin Plasmopara viticola’nın hastalık gelişimi, zoospor salınımı ve ε-viniferin birikimi üzerine etkileri

Abstract

Bu çalışma, azoxystrobin + difenoconazole ve mandipropamid + zoxamide aktif maddelerini içeren iki fungisitin asma yaprakları üzerindeki Plasmopara viticola’ya karşı etkisini değerlendirmiştir. Farklı fungisit dozlarının, farklı üzüm çeşitlerinin yapraklarından toplanan P. viticola popülasyonu üzerindeki etkisi; koparılmış yapraklarda sporulasyon alanının analizi, zoospor salınımı, zoospor hareketliliği ve ε-viniferin birikimi araştırılmıştır. Mandipropamid + zoxamide karışımı için EC50 değeri 0.031 µg ml⁻¹ olarak belirlenmiş ve 1 µg ml⁻¹ dozunda sporulasyon alanının azaltılmasında %97.73 etkinlik elde edilmiştir. Azoxystrobin + difenoconazole karışımı için EC50 değeri 40 µg ml⁻¹ olarak belirlenmiş ve 300 µg ml⁻¹ dozunda sporulasyon alanı için %92.82 engelleme oranına ulaşılmıştır. Fungisit dayanıklılığı için G143A mutasyonu, allel-özgül polimeraz zincir reaksiyon (ASPCR) testi kullanılarak tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, mandipropamid + zoxamide karışımının düşük konsantrasyonda (0.01 µg ml⁻¹) uygulanmasının ε-viniferin birikimini teşvik ettiği, aynı zamanda zoospor hareketliliğini ve salınımını önemli ölçüde engellediği belirtilmiştir. Azoxystrobin + difenoconazole karışımının 10 µg ml⁻¹ dozunda hareketli zoospor sayısını %84 oranında azaltması, bu fungisitin tarla koşullarında enfeksiyon riskini azaltabileceğini göstermektedir. Bu hastalığın kontrolünde fungisit etkinliğinin sürdürülebilirliğinin değerlendirilmesinde, zoospor hareketliliğinin enfeksiyon döngüsünde temel bir basamak olması nedeniyle fungisitlerin zoospor hareketliliği üzerindeki etkilerinin de dikkate alınması gerektiği önerilmiştir.

Keywords

• Plasmopara viticola
• fungisit duyarlılığı
• sporangium salınımı
• zoospor hareketliliği
• ε-viniferin

The effects of some CAA and QoI fungicides on disease development by Plasmopara viticola, zoospore release and ε-viniferin accumulation

Abstract

This study evaluated the efficacy of two fungicide mixtures, azoxystrobin + difenoconazole and mandipropamid + zoxamide, in protecting grapevine leaves against Plasmopara viticola. The effects of different fungicide doses on the P. viticola population collected from various grapevine cultivars were investigated by assessing sporulation area on detached leaves, zoospore release, zoospore mobility, and ε-viniferin accumulation. The EC50 value for mandipropamid + zoxamide was 0.031 µg ml-1, yielding 97.73% inhibition of sporulation area at 1 µg ml-1. In contrast, the azoxystrobin + difenoconazole mixture exhibited an EC50 value of 40 µg ml-1 and achieved 92.82% inhibition of sporulation area at 300 µg ml-1. The G143A mutation, a known marker for fungicide resistance, was found using allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (ASPCR). Furthermore, the mandipropamid + zoxamide mixture promoted ε-viniferin accumulation at a low concentration (0.01 µg ml⁻¹) while significantly inhibiting zoospore mobility and release. The azoxystrobin + difenoconazole mixture reduced the number of motile zoospores by 84% at 10 µg ml⁻¹, suggesting its potential to lower infection risk under field conditions. These findings suggest that, in addition to their direct effects on pathogen development, fungicides should also be evaluated for their impact on zoospore mobility, a critical stage in the infection cycle, to enhance sustainable disease management strategies.

Keywords

• Plasmopara viticola
• Fungicide sensitivity
• Sporangium release
• Zoospore mobility
• ε-Viniferin

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